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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Hormone-responsive adenylyl cyclase in the human fallopian tube.

Hormone-responsive adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in biopsies from normal human Fallopian tubes was studied. Enzyme activity with a Km of 0.15 mmol/L and a maximum velocity of 13.8 pmol/mg.min in the basal condition was demonstrated. The addition of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), PGE2, PGF2a, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, isoproterenol, and terbutaline increased enzyme activity, with no change in the Km. Maximum stimulation of AC activity was obtained with PGE1, resulting in a 2- to 8-fold increase in AC activity. The response of AC to PGE1 revealed a possible topographical variation, with lowest responses to PGE1 in the isthmus. No such segmental variation in AC activity and response was seen after stimulation with PGF2a, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, or isoproterenol.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1991

[Lesions of the fallopian tube following tube occlusion].

This is a study using light microscopy and electronic microscopy of Fallopian tube subjected to sterilization; and compare it with a control group. A total of 60 samples from patients with different surgical procedures, whose age was from 20 to 40 years; they were amenorrheic, without antecedents of pelvic inflammatory disease nor endometriosis. Among the control group, there were lesions as isthsmical nodular salpingitis in 30.7%. There was chronic salpingitis in 15.3%; follicular salpingitis in 23%, and polyps in 15%. In the group with OTB antecedents, endosalpingiosis was found in 20%; follicular salpingitis in 30% and chronic salpingitis in the remaining 50%. By means of electronic, ultrastructural microscopy, were seen lesions at myosalpinx level, that is, alterations in myofilaments, formation, much fibrosis and descilliation in the adjacent to OTB. It may be concluded that these findings, never seen before, may condition an alteration of tubal motility in patients subjected to rechannelization procedures, that condition an alteration in gametes transportation, avoiding fecundation or a greater incidence ectopic pregnancy incidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A structural analysis of the myogenic control systems of the human Fallopian tube.

The structural basis for myogenic and neurogenic control of motility of human Fallopian tubes was studied. In the ampulla distinct muscle layers were absent, and bundles of cells oriented in different axes were in contact with one another by means of randomly located simple apposition contacts; no nexuses were present. The organization was consistent with a spread of electrical activity in either direction throughout all muscle bundles. Nerves were not found in close proximity to muscle and were mostly peripheral, surrounded by connective tissue sheaths and by Schwann cells within the sheath. They could play little role in control of ampullar motility. In the isthmus muscle bundles were grouped into innermost longitudinal layer, circular layer, and outermost layer of mixed orientation. Cell-to-cell connections were mainly by simple apposition contacts; no nexuses were found. There were such connections between cells of bundles oriented in different axes. The organization of muscles suggested that electrical activity could spread in either direction and throughout all layers. Nerves like those in the ampulla were located peripherally, and smaller bundles without connective tissue sheaths were in circular muscle. Few close contacts between nerve and muscle were observed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1981

Human fallopian tube epithelium cytochemistry in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.

The human Fallopian tube fimbrial epithelium was histo- and cytochemically studied in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. In the first trimester morphometric measurements confirmed a decrease in cell size and a reduction in ciliary cell count. The ciliary cell population was surprisingly glycogen-poor, and some of the cell contained, among normal organelles, lipid accumulation, lamellated bodies and nuclei with slightly condensed chromatin. Some had defective cilia and basal bodies. Large globules, containing few lipid droplets and glycogen rosettes were demonstrated. The bulk of the globules, however, contained an unidentified electron-lucid substance, negative to PAS, Alcian blue, OsO4 and the Millon reactions, but positive to acid phosphatase reaction, the products of which appeared dispersed. The nonciliary cell population was heterogeneous; some appeared almost devoid of microvilli and had dilated RER and SER cisternae, lamellated bodies and condensed nuclear chromatin. In some cells a single centrally located cilium was noticed. Other nonciliary cells had extensive microvilli and appeared less atrophied. In the third trimester morphometric, as well as cytochemical methods indicated that the regressive process was beginning to reverse itself. Alkaline-phosphatase reaction products appeared along the apical and lateral membranes of the nonciliary cell. Acid-phosphatase reaction products depicted the lysosomes, present in both types of cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

The relevance of adjuvant therapy in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube, stages I and II: irradiation vs. chemotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: Primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube (FTC) is a rare but extremely aggressive neoplasm. It must be expected to cause up to 40% of tumor-related deaths even in Stage I, and up to 57% in Stage II. Due to its rarity, there exist only a few and divergent reports on the value of adjuvant therapy. Therefore the present study aims at evaluating the influence of postoperative adjuvant therapy on FTC by studying the effects of irradiation and chemotherapy on the overall survival of patients in Stages I and II. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated 95 cases of FTC in Stages I (n = 66) and II (n = 29) in a retrospective multicenter study. Group I (n = 32) are patients who underwent a complete irradiation with cobalt or photon energies of 23 MV (administering a daily dose of 2 Gy resulted in a total of 45-52 Gy in the pelvic areas). Group II (n = 31) consists of those cases who received postoperative chemotherapy with platinum. Thirty-two women were excluded from this study because they had other chemotherapies, incomplete irradiation, or no adjuvant therapy at all. RESULTS: Median survival time was 57 months in Group I patients (95% confidence interval 33-81 months), compared to 73 months (95% confidence interval, 68-78 months) in the chemotherapeutically treated Group II. This difference did not prove to be statistically significant (p = 0.476).If primary surgical therapy is included in the evaluation, and patients with total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) are compared to those with additional radical lymphadenectomy (TAH+BSO+lymph nodes), the latter group's overall survival essentially improves but fails to reach statistical significance. Their 5-year survival rate is 83% against 58% in the TAH+BSO group (p = 0.12). CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy and irradiation are two adjuvant therapies that are similarly effective in FTC of Stages I and II, with chemotherapy being preferred at the present time. Primary surgical treatment, however, is of crucial impact on the prognosis of FTC.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2001

Invasion of human fallopian tube epithelium by Escherichia coli expressing combinations of a gonococcal porin, opacity-associated protein, and chimeric lipo-oligosaccharide.

The transepithelial migration of Escherichia coli that expressed all possible combinations of a plasmid-encoded gonococcal porin (Por), opacity-associated protein (Opa), and 3F11 lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) epitope was investigated. Surface expression of Por mediated selective changes in E. coli antibiotic susceptibility, and coexpression of Opa and the 3F11 LOS epitope mediated bacterial clumping (P<.01). In the human fallopian tube organ-culture model, Opa-producing variants attached up to 44-fold better than control bacteria (P<.01), and Por-producing variants exceeded submucosal invasion of control bacteria by 500-fold (P<.01). Opa and Por each facilitated intracellular invasion 20-40-fold (P<.01). In dual expresser variants, the 3F11 LOS epitope markedly reduced attachment and invasion mediated by Opa or Por. The LOS inhibitory effect was curbed when all 3 factors were expressed, which suggests an additional interaction of the 3 factors at the bacterial surface. Por, Opa, and LOS play important roles in Neisseria gonorrhoeae trafficking across human fallopian tube epithelium.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

Correlation between salpingoscopic and laparoscopic staging in the assessment of the distal fallopian tube.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the severity and extent of intraluminal tubal abnormalities assessed by transfimbrial salpingoscopy with traditional criteria for evaluating distal tubal disease at laparoscopy. DESIGN: Prospective 2-year clinical trial with long-term follow-up. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary care reproductive medicine and surgery practice. PATIENTS: Fifty-five infertile women with suspected distal tubal disease or unexplained infertility. INTERVENTIONS: Transfimbrial salpingoscopy was performed at the time of laparoscopy and terminal neosalpingostomy when appropriate. Salpingoscopic and laparoscopic findings of 91 fallopian tubes were scored independently. RESULTS: No correlation between laparoscopic and salpingoscopic findings was noted in group I tubes (n = 51) categorized as having minimal disease or no pathology by traditional staging. In contrast, a strong correlation was noted between findings obtained from these two techniques in group II tubes (n = 40) diagnosed as having moderate-to-severe tubal disease at laparoscopy. Intrauterine pregnancy was achieved in 38.9% (7/18) of patients with mean salpingoscopy scores < or = to 12 versus 3.8% (1/26) of patients with mean scores > 12. Life-table analyses of cumulative estimated pregnancy rates were significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fallopian tubes with minimal pathology appreciated at laparoscopy may have more significant intraluminal disease appreciated at salpingoscopy. In contrast, laparoscopic and salpingoscopic findings do correlate well in cases of more severe distal disease. Elevated mean salpingoscopy scores are associated with an extremely poor prognosis for conception.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha, E2 in the human uterine tissues and in human fallopian tubes from nonpregnant women.

Tissue samples were obtained from 30 women between the ages 16 and 44 with normal regular menstrual cycles, from 30 women between the ages 31 and 52 with uterine myoma, and from 4 women between the ages 37 and 58 with uterine cervical carcinoma in situ (Abb. CIS). The levels of prostaglandins (Abb. PGs) were determined by radioimmunoassay (Abb. RIA), and PGEs were identified and assayed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Abb. gas-mass). Levels of PGF2 alpha and E2 in normal menstrual cycles changed periodically as previously reported. The levels of PGF2 alpha and E2 in the uterine tissues from the women with uterine myoma were significantly highest in the endometrium, and were higher in the uterine cervix than in the uterine corpus. Those in the Fallopian tubes were higher at the ampullar region than at the isthmic one. The levels of PGs by the method of gas-mass in the uterine tissues and in the Fallopian tubes were almost the same as those determined by RIA. Though PGE1 and PGE2 existed, PGE3 could not be detected. PGs play important roles in reproduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The interaction in vitro of human spermatozoa with epithelial cells from the human uterine (fallopian) tube.

The physical interaction between human spermatozoa and the epithelium of the human uterine (Fallopian) tube was investigated in vitro using a variety of techniques. The 'live' observation of human spermatozoa incubated with 1 day old cultures of tubal epithelium demonstrated that spermatozoa can show a strong physical interaction with epithelial cells; contact with the epithelium appeared to be random and there was no evidence of any taxis toward epithelial cells. The physical interaction (or 'binding') was resistant to gentle washing and was maintained following the addition of glutaraldehyde fixative. The intimate nature of the interaction was confirmed ultrastructurally where both spermatozoa and epithelial membranes were observed to be in close apposition. These results are the first descriptions of sperm-epithelial 'binding' in the human. They are similar to other observations made in a variety of non-human mammalian species. It is suggested that this interaction may be an important feature of normal sperm transport in the human uterine tube in vivo.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed2006

Congenital interruption of the ampullary portion of the fallopian tube.

We present a rare case of a congenital isolated missing segment of the fallopian tube, including hysterosalpingographic and laparoscopic images. We conclude that when this occurs without concomitant müllerian anomalies, the mechanism of development would not be expected to be associated with an increase in renal abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

CA 125 in normal tissues and carcinomas of the uterine cervix, endometrium and Fallopian tube. II. Immunoradiometric determination in secretions, tissue extracts and serum.

The study deals with the occurrence of cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in the normal and neoplastic uterine cervix, endometrium and fallopian tube and its applicability as a tumour marker. CA 125 concentrations were measured in 52 secretion specimens, in cytosol fractions of 97 tissue biopsies and in serum from 47 women with nonmalignant disorders and from 334 patients with carcinomas. High quantities of CA 125 (780-454860 U/ml) were detected in cervical mucus, intra-uterine and tubal fluid, exceeding those in the corresponding serum samples by factors of up to 2000. CA 125 concentrations were 9-53 fold higher in cytosol fractions of normal and neoplastic glandular epithelia of the endocervix and endometrium than in those of cervical squamous epithelia and the cervical wall. Despite similarly high antigen concentrations in normal glandular epithelia and adenocarcinomas serum levels elevated to above 65 U/ml were only found in patients with malignant tumours. The positivity rates in serum increased with tumour extent and were 0-43% for primary and 63-79% for recurrent cervical, endometrial and tubal adenocarcinomas. During long-term follow-up, CA 125 serum concentrations were concordant with the clinical course in 10 out of 11 patients with progressive carcinomas. According to these results, the release of CA 125 into the peripheral blood is apparently dependent on the infiltrative growth and the mass of the tumour rather than on the local tissue concentrations. The clinical use of CA 125 is limited to the detection of advanced adenocarcinomas of the Müllerian duct.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of fallopian tube intraluminal pathology as assessed by salpingoscopy with pelvic adhesions.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the severity and extent of pelvic adhesions, as noted at laparotomy for microsurgery, with the presence and extent of fallopian tube intraluminal pathology, as noted using salpingoscopy. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: A university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty patients presenting for pelvic microsurgery between July 1992 and January 1993. INTERVENTIONS: Salpingoscopy was performed at the time of microsurgery and intraluminal pathology was scored. An objective assessment of the extent of pelvic adhesions was made using standardized adhesion score systems. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between the degree of intratubal damage and the extent of pelvic adhesions when the etiology was previous pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) but not when the underlying etiology was endometriosis. However, in the endometriosis subgroup, intraluminal ampullary pathology was noted in 27% of tubes assessed, and intraluminal fimbrial pathology was noted in 36% of tubes assessed. Intraluminal tubal pathology also was noted in a number of cases where the underlying etiology was previous surgery for benign disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms previous reports that, in cases of PID leading to adhesions, there is a high incidence of intraluminal pathology. However, this study also demonstrates that intraluminal pathology is often associated with adhesions arising from other etiologic groups, suggesting that intraluminal assessment is required for all patients in whom adhesiolysis for fertility is considered.

Endometriosis↗