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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

St. Louis encephalitis virus in wild birds during the 1990 south Florida epidemic: the importance of drought, wetting conditions, and the emergence of Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) to arboviral amplification and transmission.

We analyzed the prevalence of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus in wild birds during the 1990 SLE epidemic in Indian River County. The initial presence of SLE HI antibody was associated significantly with modeled drought 15 wk prior, wetting conditions 1 wk prior, and the emergence of the Florida SLE virus vector, Culex nigripalpus, 5 wk prior. Our findings indicated that three factors conspired to create the 1990 epidemic: (1) a large population of susceptible wild birds; (2) severe springtime drought, which facilitated amplification of the SLE virus among the Cx. nigripalpus and a portion of the wild bird population; and (3) continued rainfall and wetting of the land surface in the summer and early fall, which sustained a large, host-seeking Cx. nigripalpus population. The continued biting and reproductive activity of Cx. nigripalpus maintained epizootic transmission throughout the summer and early fall in Indian River County. The high level of SLE virus amplification resulted in spillover transmission to humans. We hypothesize that without the continued reproductive activity of the vector mosquito, brought about by excessive summer and fall wetness, the unprecedented SLE virus amplification and consequent transmission to humans would not have been realized in 1990.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Insecticide resistance in Alabama and Florida mosquito strains of Aedes albopictus.

The susceptibility of four strains of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) to permethrin, deltamethrin, resmethrin, chlorpyrifos, malathion, propoxur, fipronil, imidacloprid, spinosad, and Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (Bti) was determined. The HAmAal and MAmAal strains were collected in 2002 and 2003, respectively, from Huntsville and Mobile, AL, and the VBFmAal and SFmAal strains were collected in 1998 from Vero Beach and southern Florida, respectively. The HAmAal strain showed a 22-fold elevated level of resistance to deltamethrin compared with the susceptible Ikaken laboratory strain, whereas the VBFmAal strain showed a six-fold lower sensitivity to deltamethrin compared with Ikaken. However, comparison of resistance ratios for deltamethrin at LC50 and LC90 (21-fold) and the gradual slopes of dose-response curves indicated that the field population of this mosquito strain was heterogenous in response to deltamethrin. All four mosquito strains showed elevated levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos, with resistance ratios from 10 to 33. Nevertheless, except for the relatively low resistance to deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos, all mosquito strains showed a similar susceptibility or lower tolerance to the remaining insecticides tested compared with the susceptible Ikaken strain, even though some, such as permethrin, resmethrin, malathion, and Bti, have been used in the field for a long time, especially in Alabama. These results indicate that the development of resistance to insecticides in Ae. albopictus is slow and conventional insecticides, such as permethrin, resmethrin, malathion, and Bti, and relatively new insecticides, such as fipronil, imidacloprid, and spinosad, may all be valuable for the management of this important mosquito.

Aedes↗
PubMed2004

Control of an exotic tick (Aponomma komodoense) infestation in a Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) exhibit at a zoo in Florida.

A protocol was developed to control an exotic tick (Aponomma komodoense) infestation on three Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) at a Florida zoo without direct application of acaricides to the lizards. With the Komodo dragons secured within their indoor pens, their outdoor enclosures and the exhibition area were sprayed with a formulation of permethrin prepared specifically for use with reptiles. Once the acaricide had dried, the Komodo dragons were allowed to return to their outdoor enclosures, whereupon the indoor pens were closed and sprayed with the same formulation. After this initial treatment, the outdoor and indoor areas were retreated every 2 wk and 8-10 wk, respectively, for 6 mo. The initial on-host and off-host tick count of 301 ticks fell to 0 ticks after 6 mo. No adverse effects of the acaricide treatment were observed on the lizards during daily monitoring.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Use of monoclonal antibodies developed against chicken coccidia (Eimeria) to study invasion and development of Eimeria reichenowi in Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis).

Eimeria gruis and Eimeria reichenowi are common coccidial parasites of a number of species of cranes. Until recently, little was known about either the site for invasion or the dynamics of early development of the crane coccidia because of the difficulty of identifying sporozoites and early developmental stages of these parasites by conventional staining methods. In the present study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) elicited against Eimeria spp. of chickens and turkeys were found to cross-react with sporozoites and developmental stages of E. reichenowi in the tissues of Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis). With these Mabs, E. reichenowi sporozoites were found in specimens taken at 6 hr postinoculation (PI) from just proximal to Meckel's diverticulum in the jejunum to the ileocecal juncture. Fewer were found in the ceca and rectum and none in the duodenal loop. At 24 hr PI, there were markedly fewer sporozoites and their location had shifted to the duodenum. No stages were seen in intestinal cells at 5 days PI (DPI), but trophozoites had developed in the liver and spleen. At 10 DPI, sexual stages were detected in the intestine from the duodenal loop through Meckel's diverticulum but not in other organs. By 14 DPI, numerous developmental stages were detected in the intestine (ceca and jejunum), liver, and lungs but not in the heart, kidney, or brain. The number, location, and maturity of the stages in the ceca differed markedly from those in the jejunum.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Evidence of Cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater) in Amblyomma sparsum ticks found on tortoises imported into Florida.

Amblyomma marmoreum and A. sparsum ticks were collected from tortoises imported into Florida from Africa and were tested for Cowdria ruminantium infection using a C. ruminantium-specific pCS20 polymerase chain reaction assay. In I shipment imported from Zambia, 15 of the 38 A. sparsum male ticks collected from the leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis) were found to be positive for infection with C. ruminantium. In contrast, all 148 A. marmoreum tested were negative for C. ruminantium infection. This is the first reported evidence of the introduction of heartwater-infected ticks into the United States, but there were no opportunities to confirm isolation of C. ruminantium from the ticks by either culture or transmission studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Paradollfusnema telfordi n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from the worm lizard, Rhineura floridana (Amphisbaenia), of Florida.

Paradollfusnema telfordi n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from the large intestine of a worm lizard, Rhineura floridana, collected in Florida is described and illustrated. Paradollfusnema telfordi n. sp. represents the second species assigned to the genus and is distinguished from the other species on the basis of caudal papillae patterns in the male: P. telfordi n. sp. with 8 pairs of precloacal papillae, second pair from anterior much larger than others; Paradollfusnema amphisbaenia with 4 or 5 pairs of precloacal papillae, all of equal size.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Introduction of the exotic tick Amblyomma hebraeum into Florida on a human host.

A resident of Florida returned from a short visit to southern Africa to find a male Amblyomma hebraeum tick attached to the skin behind her knee. Amblyomma hebraeum is a major vector of 2 pathogens that cause important diseases in southern Africa, heartwater of ruminants and African tick-bite fever of humans. The tick was tested by polymerase chain reaction assay for evidence of infection with Cowdria ruminantium and Rickettsia africae (the causative agents of heart-water and African tick-bite fever, respectively) and was found to be negative for both agents. This is the second record of the exotic tick, A. hebraeum, being introduced into the United States on a human host.

Africa↗
PubMed2002

Parapharyngodon ocalaensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from the sand skink, Neoseps reynoldsi (Scincidae), of Florida.

Parapharyngodon ocalaensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from the large intestine of a sand skink Neoseps reynoldsi collected in Florida is described and illustrated. Parapharyngodon ocalaensis n. sp. represents the 31st species assigned to the genus and the third from the Nearctic Realm. It is distinguished from the other 2 North American species by the presence in the male of 3 pairs of caudal papillae and smooth cloacal lips.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Parasitic helminths of red-bellied woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) from the Apalachicola National Forest in Florida.

Seventy-four red-bellied woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) from the Apalachicola National Forest (30 degrees 10'N, 84 degrees 40'W) in northwest Florida were examined for helminths. The most prevalent parasites were the nematode Aproctella stoddardi (11%) and the acanthocephalan Mediorhynchus centurorum (11%). New host records include Pseudaprocta samueli, A. stoddardi, Tridentocapillaria tridens, Diplotriaena americana, Dispharynx nasuta, Procyrnea pileata, Orthoskrjabinia rostellata, and Brachylaima fuscatum. The helminth fauna was characterized by low prevalences and intensities of infection and low numbers of species per bird (1.2). The frequency of prescribed burning and habitat understory flora composition did not influence the prevalences or intensities of helminths in red-bellied woodpeckers collected from 2 similar but differently managed sites within the forest.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Epizootiology of Plasmodium hermani in Florida: chronicity of experimental infections in domestic turkeys and northern bobwhites.

A pen-reared northern bobwhite and a domestic turkey were infected with a strain of Plasmodium hermani obtained originally from a wild turkey in southern Florida. Blood films from these 2 birds were positive microscopically for 188 and 370 days postinfection (PI), respectively. Culicine mosquitoes (Culex nigripalpus and C. salinarius) were blood fed on the bobwhite and the turkey at different times during the infection and used to transmit the malaria to other bobwhites and turkeys up to days 298 and 473 PI, respectively. It was concluded that in nature, P. hermani could remain in a chronic phase in avian hosts for a year, or longer, allowing survival of the parasite between seasons of mosquito transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Hepatozoon polytopis n. sp. parasitic in two genera and species of colubrid snakes in southern Florida.

Hepatozoon polytopis, described from Coluber constrictor priapus from Palm Beach County, Florida, has short, usually broad gamonts 12.8 x 4.6 microm (10.0-15.0 x 3.5-6.0), with LW 58.5 microm2 (42-84) and L/W 2.84 (1.8-3.7). Nuclei commonly extend into first quarter of gamont (45%), are always present in second quarter, and seldom in third quarter (11%), with dimensions 4.5 x 3.4 (3.0-6.0 x 2.5-4.5) and LW 15.1 (10.0-24.0). Spherical to ovoid oocysts, 122.1 x 104.9 (62-240 x 57-190), with L/W 1.17 (1.0-1.9), contain 31.3 (3-103) sporocysts. Spherical to ovoid sporocysts, 38.0 x 33.9 (28-73 x 25-58), with LW 1,325.1 (756-4,168) and L/W 1.12 (1.0-1.4), contain 42.9 (22-64) sporozoites. Thamnophis sauritus sackenii from Palm Beach County is infected also by H. polytopis, as indicated from similar gamont dimensions and verified by isolation of an identical haplotype of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene from both host species.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Gender and spatial patterns in metal concentrations in brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) in southern Florida, USA.

Comparatively little is known about heavy metal levels in reptiles, particularly for lizards. Yet lizards often are common predators that could serve as bioindicators of contamination on a small spatial scale. This study examined the differences in metal concentrations of adult brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in six locations in southern Florida, USA, from Lake Okeechobee (Pahokee) south to Key West. We predicted that levels of contaminants would be higher in the industrialized ports (Port Everglades, Port of Miami) and at a landfill (in Key West) compared to a campground, tropical garden, and marine laboratory. Males were significantly larger than females, as expected. Although there were significant locational differences in metal concentrations, they did not fit a consistent pattern, either among sites or between reference and study sites. However, the lowest levels were generally found at Everglades Marina and Campground (except for selenium) and at Fairchild Tropical Garden (except for manganese). For females, size was significantly correlated with cadmium, lead, and mercury levels, while for males, there were significant correlations between length and arsenic, chromium, and manganese concentrations. Where there were gender differences in metal levels, females had significantly higher levels than males even though they were smaller. We attribute these gender differences to differences in diet due to microhabitat differences in foraging locations. Females spend more time feeding near the ground and males spend more time feeding on tree trunks and branches where they consume more flying insects. This is the first study that examines concentrations of metals in lizards in the United States, and suggests that nonnative lizards may be useful in toxicological studies.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

A historical record of mercury contamination in Southern Florida (USA) as inferred from avian feather tissue.

During the late 1980s, the upper trophic-level biota of the Everglades (FL, USA) was recognized as being highly contaminated with mercury (Hg). However, the timing and pattern of that increase is poorly known, and no information is available about mercury contamination in Everglades wildlife prior to 1974. We measured methylmercury concentrations in feathers of white ibises (n = 33), great egrets (n = 7), anhingas (n = 21), and great blue herons (n = 12) from museum specimens collected from 1910 through 1980 and combined them with more recent feather samples collected from live birds (1985-2000, n = 98, 37, 49, and 7, respectively). We found no evidence of contamination of museum samples with inorganic mercuric preservatives (0.01-0.28% of total Hg in feathers). All species showed relatively low concentrations of mercury through the 1970s (<5 microl/L dry wt for anhingas, ibises, and egrets, <10 microl/L for herons). Samples from all species taken during the 1990s showed a large and significant increase (4-5X) in MeHg concentration. This evidence suggests that most of the increase in Hg deposition during the 20th century in south Florida occurred during the last two to three decades, which is consistent with information about local source deposition. Contamination levels prior to the 1970s appear to have been associated with normal reproduction in these birds, suggesting partial evidence for a threshold of reproductive impairment.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The roles of teaching hospitals, insurance status, and race/ethnicity in receipt of adjuvant therapy for regional-stage breast cancer in Florida.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the roles of teaching hospitals, insurance status, and race/ ethnicity in women's receipt of adjuvant therapy for regional-stage breast cancer. METHODS: Data were taken from the Florida Cancer Data System for cases diagnosed from July 1997 to December 2000. We evaluated the impact of health insurance status and hospital type on use of adjuvant therapy (after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and marital status). Interaction terms for hospital type, insurance status, and race/ethnicity were entered in each model. RESULTS: Teaching facilities diagnosed 12.5% of the cases; however, they cared for a disproportionate percentage (21.3%) of uninsured and Medicaid-insured women. Among women who received adjuvant chemotherapy only, those diagnosed in teaching hospitals were more likely than those diagnosed in nonteaching hospitals to receive therapy regardless of insurance status or race/ethnicity. Among women who received chemotherapy with or without hormonal therapy, Hispanics were more likely than White non-Hispanic women to receive therapy, whereas women with private insurance or Medicare were less likely than uninsured and Medicaid-insured women to receive this type of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Teaching facilities play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of regional-stage breast cancer among Hispanics, uninsured women, and women insured by Medicaid.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A seroprevalence survey of hepatitis B markers among Haitians in a southwest Florida farming community.

We determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among 123 Haitian mothers and children in a southwest Florida farming community. Fifty-five per cent of mothers had one or more markers including two who were HBsAg positive. Only seven (10 per cent) children had markers; none were HBsAg positive. Pregnant Haitian women should be screened for HBsAg and infants born to those who are positive should receive immunoprophylaxis. Medical, dental, and laboratory workers caring for Haitian patients should also receive hepatitis B vaccine.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A cluster of unexplained deaths in a nursing home in Florida.

In the two-week period November 13-27, 1984, 12 patients died in a 54-bed nursing home in Florida; based on previous mortality patterns, 2.5 deaths would have been expected for the whole month. There was no similar increase in deaths in November 1984 and no comparable monthly death rate for any of 69 nursing homes in the same county from 1976-84. Comparison of the 12 deaths in November with 28 deaths that occurred during the previous 10 months and with 31 surviving patients who were continuously present in the nursing home between November 12-28, 1984 revealed that the patients who died in November were more likely to have had onset of the terminal event during the night shift, had a recent visitor, and had an admitting diagnosis of organic brain syndrome. The abrupt increase in the death rate for November 1984 was not associated with a measurable change in population characteristics, an outbreak of infectious disease, or changes in procedures or the environment. Reviews of employee schedules revealed a consistent and strong association between the duty times of two nurses and the onsets of the terminal episode and the times of patient deaths. Continuing epidemiologic surveillance of adverse outcomes in nursing homes is recommended.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

HIV seropositivity of needles from shooting galleries in south Florida.

Needle/syringe combinations were collected from three shooting galleries in South Florida and tested for the presence of antibodies to HIV-1. Fifteen of 148 needles (10.1 percent) tested positive for HIV-1 antibody. Seropositivity rates did not vary by the day of the week of collection, nor by shooting gallery from which they were collected. When the needle appeared to contain blood residue, 20.0 percent were positive versus 5.1 percent with no blood residue. These findings suggest that needles/syringes used in shooting galleries are likely to serve as reservoirs and/or vectors of transmission of the HIV-1 virus, and that although visual inspection of the needle/syringe may be useful in lessening the chance for transmission, even the visually "clean" needles may result in transmission of infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Pediatric gonococcal infection, Florida, 1984 to 1988.

We reviewed Florida pediatric gonococcal (GC) infection surveillance data collected between 1984 and 1988. The incidence rate was 11 per 100,000 per year for the age group 1 month through 9 years. Incidence rates were higher for females, other-than-Whites, and residents of rural counties than for males, Whites, and residents of urban counties. The ratio of pediatric GC cases in children younger than 10 years per 1000 adult male GC cases, a substitute measure for the proportion of males that may have perpetrated child sexual abuse, was 3.3 for Whites and 4.9 for other-than-Whites, and was higher for residents of nonmetropolitan counties (9.7) than for residents of metropolitan counties (4.2). These data highlight the importance of GC infection in children and suggest that routine surveillance of pediatric GC infection may be a useful tool for monitoring the occurrence of child sexual abuse.

Adolescent↗