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PubMed2001

[Model transfer in multivariate calibration].

This paper introduces the backgrounds, principles and some popular algorithms used for resolving calibration transfer in multivariate calibration of chemometrics. The algorithms include S/B, DS, PDS, FIR, and Shenk's algorithm. The recent development of calibration transfer in the past two years is also reviewed. A number of key applications of different calibration transfer algorithms are summarized, which will be helpful for the further research of calibration transfer principles and algorithms. 51 references are cited.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Human insulin-like growth factor I receptor 950tyrosine is required for somatotroph growth factor signal transduction.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a growth hormone (GH)-dependent growth factor exerts feedback regulation of GH by inhibiting GH gene expression. IGF-I inhibition of GH secretion is enhanced 3-5-fold in GC rat pituitary cells overexpressing the wild type 950Tyr human IGF-I receptor which autophosphorylates appropriately. To determine the critical amino acid sequence responsible for IGF-I signaling, insertion, deletion, and site-directed mutants were constructed to substitute for 950Tyr in exon 16 of the human IGF-I receptor beta-subunit transmembrane domain. All mutant transfectants bound IGF-I with a similar Kd to untransfected cells but had markedly increased (7-34-fold) IGF-I-binding sites. GH responsiveness to IGF-I was tested in mutant transfectants. Overexpressed site-directed and insertion mutant IGF-I receptors exhibited a modest suppressive effect on GH in response to the IGF-I ligand, similar to that observed in untransfected cells. Deletion mutant (IG-FIR delta 22) (amino acid 944-965) did not transduce the IGF-I signal to the GH gene. Site-directed and insertion mutants therefore did not enhance the IGF-I response of the endogenous rat receptor, unlike the 950Tyr wild type transfectants which enhanced the IGF-I signal. All mutant transfectants, except the deletion mutant, internalized radioactive ligand similarly to 950Tyr wild type transfectants. 950Tyr of the human IGF-I receptor is therefore required for IGF-I signal transduction in the pituitary somatotroph, but not for IGF-I-mediated internalization.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

[A new method using the technique of cubic spline interpolation to remove baseline wander].

The present methods available for correction of baseline wander with cubic spline interpolation technique all determine the fiducial points from P-R intervals. However, the determination of the fiducial points can be adversely affected by a noisy signal or an uneven P-R interval. In this paper, we introduce a new method of determining fiducial points by using the feature of high frequency of QRS wave. First, we correct the baseline approximately by using a FIR filter, then find the position of R peak and its amplitude change after filtering. The experiments demonstrate that the previous position and amplitude change can be looked as the position and amplitude of a fiducial point. Finally, we estimate a continuous baseline by joining fiducial points with spline. Our experiment results show that this is a better filtering method in comparison with the one introduced in reference paper [3].

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of midwifery in Vojvodina].

This paper deals with the beginnings and development of midwifery services as well as schooling modalities and professional education of midwives in Vojvodina after gaining freedom from Turkish rule. Obstetrical services in the Military Border Region of Vojvodina were much better organized than in the civil, so-called "provincial" part. In the second half of the 18th century, law regulations were brought and only midwives with certificates of universities and training courses of special midwifery schools in bigger towns could practice midwifery. At that time most trained midwives in Vojvodina were of German nationality, because Serbs knew neither German nor Hungarian and could not get education in Vienna and Budapest. A century later the situation was practically the same. Dr. Svetozar Maksimović, Master of Obstetrics and the first director of the Maternity Hospital and a city physician in Novi Sad, was well aware that this town had no midwifery service. That is why on July 27, 1879 he submitted a suggestion for foundation of a "Government Training Institute for Midwives and Pregnant Women". Although this suggestion was not realized, it was the first attempt to establish a school for midwives in Novi Sad in Serbian language and was of great importance fir history of medicine in Vojvodina, especially in Novi Sad. Furthermore, it points to the fact that physicians in Novi Sad, especially Dr. Svetozar Maksimović, were informed about current medicine in the world. In the frame of public health special attention was paid to Women's Care Services concerning especially pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. However, it was not possible to realize his vision in Vojvodina at that time, due to insufficient number of trained midwives.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Thermogravimetric and kinetic methods to date wood finds. First results.

Fresh (larch and fir, in its white and red varieties) and ancient wood samples (dating respectively to the 13th, 15th and 17th centuries) were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TG and DTG). The resulting thermogravimetric data were then used to construct archeometric curves for the wood varieties tested. In a preliminary approach, it was attempted to correlate the onset temperature of the thermogravimetric step corresponding to cellulose decomposition with the age (expressed in centuries) of the samples, although the results obtained were anything but brilliant. More encouraging results were obtained by examining the relationship between wood sample age and the value of the (percent cellulose/percent lignin) ratio computed from the thermogravimetric data. Lastly, a procedure for processing data obtained from the TG curves was applied to a kinetic analysis of the processes that take place when wood samples are subjected to a temperature regime with a constant heating rate, obtaining values for the activation energy of the TG step corresponding to the decomposition of cellulose. Also using these data it was attempted to construct archeometric curves, obtaining results that varied quite significantly according to the wood species tested.

Abies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. Diagnostic-therapeutic considerations and review of the literature].

The authors review the literature, discuss clinical aspects and options in the management of desmoid tumors, analyze recent advances in the understanding of its biology and how they affect therapeutic choices, and outline future treatment perspectives. We conclude that although recurrence rates are high, wide excision is the best firs approach. If it is not possible, marginal surgery and radiation therapy can be performed. Radiation therapy can be also use in the attempt to control recurrent disease. Although many pharmacologic agents have been advocated there is no clear proof of their usefulness. Systemic therapy may be considered for selected patients that are not amenable to local treatment.

Desmoid Tumors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ecological and biological features of soils in the forests defoliated by the siberian moth in the southern taiga of middle Siberia].

Experimental data are analyzed that concern the effect of zoogenic debris on the properties of soddy deep podzolic soils and raw-humus brown soils characteristic of southern taiga forests in the Yenisei region of Siberia. It is shown that the influence of excrements of Siberian moth larvae on the soil microflora lasts for two or, at most, three growing seasons. Zoogenic plant debris falling on the ground surface during tree stand defoliation is a short-acting but powerful stimulant of biological activity in the litter; hence, it has a considerable effect on soil properties. This effect is enhanced by changes in ecological conditions that occur upon defoliation. The influence of the cenotic factor on biogenic soil properties is manifested more strongly in the organogenic horizons. The communities of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen and carbon cycles are dominated by prototrophic forms in the normal fir forest and by pedotrophic forms in the forest defoliated by pests.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Dynamics of forest landscape boundary at Changbai Mountain].

By using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technology combined with field investigation and correlation analysis, this study was aimed to explore the dynamics of forest landscape boundary at Changbai Mountain, and to reveal the relationships among landscape fragmentation and changes of landscape boundary indices. The results showed that in the last 20 years or so, tundra decreased by 3694.8 hm2, spruce and fir forest reduced by 130482.03 hm2, and Korean pine-hardwood and mountain birch forest increased by 41610.4 hm2 and 669.78 hm2, respectively. The forest landscapes at Changbai Mountain tended to be more fragmented, and the shape of the landscape boundary became more complicated due to timber harvesting, forest cutting for cropping, and other human activities such as tourism. The changes of landscape shape index (LSI), contrast weighted edge density (CWED), total weighted edge length (TE-WGT) and weighted landscape shape index (LSI-WGT) could be used as good indicators for the degrees of forest landscape fragmentations, which was approved by correlation analysis among landscape fragmentation and changes of landscape boundary indices. The degree of human activities on landscape could be reflected by landscape shape index.

China↗
PubMed2004

Respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow rates among furniture-decoration students.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of furniture production, mainly including fir tree (aberia mulleriana), on respiratory health of young workers and to compare the results with those obtained from previous studies. Sixty-four furniture-decoration students (57 males and 7 females) and 62 controls (54 male, 8 female) from different departments in the same school were included into the study. All participants were assessed with a questionnaire (concerning history of occupational exposure, work-related respiratory and other symptoms, smoking history, previous asthma history), full physical examination, spirometric evaluation and chest radiograph. Participants then performed serial monitoring of peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) at work and away from work within a month. Mean age of students was 20.9 +/- 3.7 years, 20.5 +/- 2.6 years in controls. There was no difference between study and control groups with regard to age, gender, smoking status and previous asthma history. Reported cough (23.4 % vs. 8.1 %) and shortness of breath (18.8 % vs. 6.5 %) were significantly higher in furniture-decoration students than in controls (p = 0.016 and p = 0.034, respectively). Furniture-decoration students had higher conjunctivitis (34.4 % vs. 9.7 %, p = 0.001) and rhinitis (34.4 % vs. 19.4 %, p = 0.044) history when compared with controls. Both students and controls were normal in terms of respiratory examination. PEF recordings were performed for approximately one month. Diurnal variability greater than 20 % was seen in 12/64 (18.7 %) of students at work, whereas it was detected in 4/62 (6.4 %) of controls (p = 0.034). When comparing for the presence of diurnal variability greater than 20 % in weekends, no difference was found between groups (p = 0.457). In conclusion, early detection of work-related respiratory changes by serial monitoring of peak expiratory flows should save the workers from hazardous respiratory effects of the furniture production, especially in young population.

Abies↗
PubMed2004

Image analysis and coummunity monitoring on coniferous forest dynamics in Changbai Mountain.

The structure and dynamics of coniferous forests in Changbai Mountain were studied at different spatial scales, including ground survey of permanent plots and analysis of multitemporal satellite images. Plot-scale examinations showed that the mortality rate was 7% - 9%, and the recruitment rate was 18% - 20% per 10 years. Species composition changed over time. Picea jezoensis var. microsperma, Abies nephrolepis and Betula ermanii presented a self-maintaining capability, because they could regenerate under canopy. Larix olgensis was a pioneer species and could regenerate only in open land or gaps. This species played an important role by providing conditions for the regeneration of spruce and fir. The tree density in the mature forest was 1 000 stems x hm(-2) for trees bigger than 3 cm in diameter, which showed no significant variations among different stands. Landsat TM images were used for detecting the cover changes from 1984 to 1997. Large scales of wind throw were detected by this approach. Based on t he analysis of radiance changes at the landscape scale, the pixel number of the disturbed area was similar to that of the succeeding stands, suggesting that the forest was in a state of equilibrium. Fine gaps, however, were difficult to identify with the TM data because of its coarse resolution. The mosaic structure ofthe subalpine vegetation was characterized by scattered larch patches. At the landscape level, the vegetation was in a stable stage.

Abies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radioprotective efficacy of chitosan, dissolved in aqueous extract of Abies Sibirica].

In experiments on rats it has been shown, that radioprotective efficacy of water-soluble low-molecular chitosan (MM 23 kDa) used in a dose 5 mg/kg (per os 5 ml/kg, daily ten-day treatment after whole-body irradiation with LD90/30) is higher, when it is dissolved in Abisib (aqueous extract of Abies Sibirica fir-needles) in comparison with chitosan dissolved in distilled water. Survival rate and average life significantly increase. Radioprotective efficacy of water-soluble low-molecular chitosan in a dose 5 mg/kg dissolved in distilled water or in Abisib (Chitabis) has been estimated. In comparison with control rats exposed to LD90/30, Chitabis administration (per os 5 ml/kg, daily ten-day treatment) leads to increase of average life from 15.44 +/- 2.31 to 28.37 +/- 3.09 days and of survival rate from 9.75 +/- 7.75% to 34.0 +/- 3.6%.

Abies↗
PubMed2004

[Simultaneous implantation of cava filters].

The purpose of the present work is to show a possibility of simultaneous implantation of Russian-made cava filters into the vena cava inferior (VCI) and vena cava superior in thrombosis of the respective venous beds. Thrombotic processes (usually seen in oncological patients) requiring insertion of filters into the both above-mentioned veins have not at all been described in Russian medical literature, with only few such cases being sporadically reported in foreign literature. The authors present herein the clinical pattern, findings of examination and treatment of a patient with an inoperable tumour of the pancreatic head with hepatic metastases, who, on postoperative day 9, was diagnosed with thrombosis of veins of the left lower limb and thrombosis of the right upper extremity veins with a floating thrombus in the VCS. The patient was therefore subjected to simultaneous implantation of Russian-made cava filters "Zontik" (umbrella) and "Yolka" (fir) into the VCI and VCS, respectively. The postoperative period included but was not limited to comprehensive anticoagulation and disaggregant therapy. The patient was discharged two weeks after implantation of the cava filters, with manifestations of partial re-canalization of thrombus-affected venous beds.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

[Developing robust near infrared calibration models].

There are three approaches to developing robust near infrared calibration models, including spectral pretreatment such as differentiation, Piecewise Multiplicative Scatter Correction (PMSC), Finite Impulse Response (FIR), and Orthogonal Signal Correction (OSC), to remove external variations, selecting wavelengths which are insensitive to external variations, and constructing temperature-hybrid calibration models. In this paper, these three strategies were investigated based on reforming gasoline NIR spectra collected at different temperatures in order to develop robust RON and benzene calibration models against temperature. It has been found that with only spectral pretreatment even OSC method fails to obtain satisfactory results, which could not remove the effects caused by temperature fluctuation. Selecting wavelengths by genetic algorithms and constructing temperature-hybrid calibration models, in which spectra measured at different temperature are combined into one calibration set, are both good approaches to developing robust NIR calibration models against temperature. The latter seems better because it needs no special knowledge and extra software, but thenon-linear effects should be considered in practical applications.

Calibration↗
PubMed2004

[Soil quality assessment of forest stand in different plantation esosystems].

After a clear-cutting of the first generation Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in 1982, three plantation ecosystems, pure Michelia macclurei stand (PMS), pure Chinese-fir stand (PCS) and their mixed stand, were established in spring 1983, and their effects on soil characteristics were evaluated by measuring some soil physical, chemical, microbiological and biochemical parameters. After 20 years' plantation, all test indices showed differences among different forest management models. Both PMS and MCM had a favorable effect on soil fertility maintenance. Soil quality assessment showed that some soil functions, e.g., water availability, nutrient availability, root suitability and soil quality index were all in a moderate level under the mixed and pure PMS stands, whereas in a relatively lower level under successive PCS stand. The results also showed that there existed close correlations between soil total organic C (TOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), microbial biomass-C (Cmic) and other soil physical, chemical and biological indices. Therefore, TOC, CEC and Cmic could be used as the indicators in assessing soil quality in this study area. In addition, there were also positive correlations between soil microbial biomass-C and TOC, soil microbial biomass-N and total N, and soil microbial biomass-P and total P in the present study.

Cunninghamia↗
PubMed2004

[Ecosystem approach: a new concept for ecosystem management].

Ecosystem approach (EA) was firstly proposed by ecologists in developed countries and then supported by a number of international institutions and NGOs, among which, CBD, IUCN and WWF played important roles. Ecosystem approach is an integrated strategy for the management of land, soil and bio-resources. The application of EA will help to reach a balance between conservation, sustainable use, and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of biological resources. Ecosystem approach is a methodology of ecosystem management, focusing on the biological organisms and recognising that human beings, with their cultural diversity, are an integral component of many ecosystems. The decision V/6 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the CBD at its fifth meeting in 2000 concretized the EA in the form of twelve principles and five operational guidelines. Our government has recently made a lot of efforts in ecosystem management at large scale with many important measures and obtained significant achievements, but the potential role of local governments, institutions and individuals has not been fully played. In the attempts of managing a specific ecosystem, there are many successful cases done by our ecologists, for example, the ecological management of Chinese fir plantation forest in central subtropical China. However, the whole ecosystem at national or regional level is confronted with a lot of serious problems, mainly because there is a lack of complete understanding of the significance of ecosystem management and a lack of guidelines or principles from an integrated scientific theory. The introduction and implementation of ecosystem approach will play an important role in improving the ecosystem management in China.

China↗
PubMed2005

[Genetic variation and differentiation of Abies alba Mill. populations from Ukrainian Carpathians].

Using electrophoretic analysis of 11 enzyme systems, we studied the genetic structure and differentiation of eight natural populations of silver fir Abies alba Mill. in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Of 24 isozyme loci identified, 66.8% proved to be polymorphic. The mean numbers of alleles and genotypes per locus in the populations were respectively 3.1 and 4.5. Each A. alba tree was on average heterozygous at 15.9% of genes. In six populations, the genotypic distribution for all of the loci examined corresponded to Hardy-Weinberg proportions. The populations studied had low levels of subdivision (F(ST) = 0.018; GST = 0.019) and differentiation. Nei's genetic distances between the A. alba populations in the region ranged from 0.002 to 0.009, being on average 0.006.

Abies↗
PubMed2005

A protective endophyte of maize: Acremonium zeae antibiotics inhibitory to Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides.

The maize endophyte Acremonium zeae is antagonistic to kernel rotting and mycotoxin producing fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides in cultural tests for antagonism, and interferes with A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination of preharvest maize kernels. Chemical studies of an organic extract from maize kernel fermentations of Acremonium zeae (NRRL 13540), which displayed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and F. verticillioides, revealed that the metabolites accounting for this activity were two newly reported antibiotics pyrrocidines A and B. Pyrrocidines were detected in fermentation extracts for 12 NRRL cultures of Acremonium zeae isolated from maize kernels harvested in Illinois (4/4 cultures), North Carolina (5/5), Georgia (1/2) and unrecorded locations within the USA (2/2). Pyrrocidine B was detected by LCMSMS in whole symptomatic maize kernels removed at harvest from ears of a commercial hybrid that were wound-inoculated in the milk stage with A. zeae (NRRL 13540) or (NRRL 13541). The pyrrocidines were first reported from the fermentation broth of an unidentified filamentous fungus LL-Cyan426, isolated from a mixed Douglas Fir hardwood forest on Crane Island Preserve, Washington, in 1993. Pyrrocidine A exhibited potent activity against most Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains, and was also active against the yeast Candida albicans. In an evaluation of cultural antagonism between 13 isolates of A. zeae in pairings with A. flavus (NRRL 6541) and F. verticillioides (NRRL 25457), A. zeae (NRRL 6415) and (NRRL 34556) produced the strongest reaction, inhibiting both organisms at a distance while continuing to grow through the resulting clear zone at an unchanged rate. Maximum colony diameters for A. zeae (NRRL 6415) and (NRRL 13540), on potato dextrose agar after 14 d, were attained within the range of 25-30 degrees C, with less growth recorded at 15 degrees and 37.5 degrees and no growth at 5 degrees. Potential interactions between A. zeae and other maize endophytes are considered and the significance of these interactions relative to the aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of preharvest maize is presented. This is the first report of natural products from Acremonium zeae.

Acremonium↗
PubMed2004

[Health-related quality of live in breast cancer patients--actuality and problems].

Women with early breast cancer have three surgical options fir this current moment: conservative treatment (lumpectomy, quadrantectomy); mastectomy alone and mastectomy plus reconstruction (immediate or delayed). When randomized trials showed oncological safety of breast--conservative treatment compared with mastectomy, the question of cosmetic results assessment become actual, because of its impact on quality of live. The current state of the art permits achievement of good oncological results and good cosmetics ones. There are some technical factors affecting cosmetic results after breast--conservative treatment: orientation of resection; the breast / resection ratio; tumor localization; orientation of axillary dissection. Combination of extended resection (quadrantectomy) plus axillary dissection through the same incision results in cosmetic failure. After operation there is a remarkable breast asymmetry, retraction of the mammilla and inferior contour distortion. The main reasons for cosmetic failures are: volume of resection (lumpectomy, quadrant-ectomy), postoperative radiotherapy, deviation from normal breast morphology and tumor location. There are a lot of questionnaires for quality of live assessment. For Bulgarian population N. Mashonov created and adopted original questionnaire. The author investigated quality of live among patients with hard failure during recovery period.

Breast Neoplasms↗