Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FECES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The distribution of chymotrypsin within the feces and description of a new device for the preparation of stool samples.

We measured the distribution of chymotrypsin within feces by comparing duplicate 100-mg stool aliquots from 48 stool specimens. For practical purposes, the distribution of the enzyme in stool appears sufficiently homogeneous to assure representative results even from 100-mg stool aliquots. Given this likelihood, we have developed a new disposable device that measures 100-mg stool aliquots hygienically, prepares this material for shipping by mail, homogenizes and suspends the stool sample, and facilitates centrifugation of the fecal suspension, all within the same instrument. Performance studies with this new device revealed that stools of different consistency can be measured out precisely and conveniently by volume. The difference in the specific weight of different stools appears to be so low that for practical purposes a 100-mg mass of stool can be weighed out by volume.

Centrifugation↗
PubMed1984

Species of the Bifidobacterium in the feces of infants.

A total of 907 strains of bifidobacteria isolated from the feces of breast-fed and artificial milk-fed infants were studied. Their assignment to known species of the genus Bifidobacterium was primarily based on DNA homology relationships. The strains were classified as B. bifidum, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. dentium, B. infantis, B. longum and B. pseudocatenulatum. The distribution of these species is reported.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed1982

[Demonstration of strains of Escherichia coli with septicemic characteristics in the feces of calves with mucoid enteritis].

During a field study on neonatal diarrhea of calves, we examined the bacteremic ability of 78 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic newborn calves. The following tests were performed: growth in newborn calf serum, mortality in adult mice inoculated intraperitoneally with about 5 X 10(7) bacteria, mortality and effect on weight gain in baby mice inoculated by oral route with about 10(8) bacteria. In addition, we tested their ability to adhere in vitro to intestinal villi of newborn lamb. Among the 78 isolates, 58% were able to grow in newborn calf serum and 22% were non-adherent to lamb intestinal villi. Fifteen isolates were pathogenic for adult mice, 12 of them originating from calves with a syndrome that we called "mucoid enteritis" and which consisted of the following signs: very abundant feces, bright and viscous, containing mucus, and physical prostration. From the 15 strains displaying a lethal effect on adult mice, 12 were adherent and 7 provoked at least 20% mortality in baby mice. Our observations suggest that bacteriemic E. coli with adhesive properties could be responsible for mucoid enteritis in calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Abortion and death in goats inoculated with Sarcocystis sporocysts from coyote feces.

Ten 75- to 105-day-pregnant does each were inoculated orally within 1 million (2 does), 10,000 (4 does), or 1,000 (4 does) sporocysts of Sarcocystis from coyote feces. Two does not inoculated with sporocysts served as controls. The 2 does inoculated with 1 million sporocysts died from acute sarcocystosis 21 and 22 days after inoculation (DAI), and each had 2 dead fetuses. The 4 does inoculated with 10,000 sporocysts were ill 19 to 33 DAI but survived; 1 aborted at 33 DAI, 1 had a live kid that died within 2 hours of birth 31 DAI, 1 aborted 2 dead fetuses 23 DAI, and 1 had a normal kid 56 DAI. The 4 does inoculated with 1,000 sporocysts and the 2 control does remained clinically normal and had normal kids. Does and their offspring were killed within 24 hours of parturition, and their tissues were examined histologically and microbiologically. Meronts of Sarcocystis were found in the maternal placenta of does inoculated with 1 million sporocysts. Sarcocystis was not found in the placenta, fetuses, or tissues of kids from does inoculated with 10,000 or 1,000 sporocysts, or from control does. Other abortifacient agents were not found in the placenta, fetuses, or kids from any does.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1981

[Search for phosphopeptides in the feces of axenic rats fed radioactive ovine casein].

Radioactive ovine casein was obtained by injecting 100 microCi of 14C-Ser into the jugular vein of an ewe. The milk collected 17 and 24 h after this injection contained 12 p. 100 of the radioactivity injected in protein form. The seryl residues were specificially labelled. This casein was used as the only protein source fed to axenic rats; 0.30 p. 100 of the tracer ingested was found in the feces of those rats. Since phosphoserine represented 25 p. 100 of the total casein seryl residues, the phosphopeptides may not be selectively unabsorbable.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[A method for the determination of liver alkaline phosphatase in feces and their activity in intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis (author's transl)].

Using precipitating antibodies to human liver alkaline phosphatase (L-AP), a quantitative method is evaluated for the determination of L-AP-activity in feces. Normal controls (n = 42) exhibit a logarithmic normal distribution. Patients with intrahepatic cholestasis (n = 36) demonstrate an increase, patients with extrahepatic cholestasis (n = 23) a decrease of the fecal L-AP-activity. Variations of fecal L-AP-activities due to a varying water content of the stools could be excluded by simultaneous determination of intestinal AP-activity. Prae- and postoperative determinations in 12 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis yielded an increase of L-AP-activity after reconstructive surgery. In intrahepatic cholestasis, high fecal L-AP-activities are found together with relative low total AP-activities in the serum whereas in extrahepatic cholestasis low fecal L-AP-activities are associated with relative high total AP-activities in the serum.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

[Activity of small intestine alkaline phosphatase in the feces in chronic intestinal diseases].

In comparison to normal controls (n = 71) the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in feces is reduced in chronic bowel disease using an immunoprecipitation method: patients with Crohns disease (n = 40) or inactive ulcerative colitis (n = 29) demonstrate small changes of fecal intestinal alkaline phosphate activity in comparison to normal controls. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is reduced in patients with active ulcerative colitis (n = 11) to 50%, in patients with uraemic enteropathy (n = 18) to 30% and in patients with coeliac disease (n = 14) to 20% of the activity observed in normal controls. During cytostatic treatment of malignant tumors, fecal intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity increases as a sign of toxic damage of the intestinal mucosa.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Colorimetric determination of 5-aminosalicylic acid and its N-acetylated metabolite on urine and feces.

A simple and convenient colorimetric method is described for the quantitative determination of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and N-acetyl-5-ASA in urine and feces after oral administration of salicylazosulfa-pyridine (SASP), the drug of choice in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. N-acetyl-5-ASA is extracted directly from the acidified biological specimen, deacetylated, and the liberated 5-ASA subjected to a modified Bratton-Marshall reaction. The 5-ASA present in the specimen must be acetylated with acetic anhydride prior to extraction. The violet colored product of the Bratton-Marshall reaction has a lambdamax of 560 nm and conforms to Beer's law over the concentration range of 0-70 umg/ml. Average recoveries (+/- S.D., N = 6) OF 5-ASA added to rat and human urine and rat fecal homogenates were 91.6 +/- 4.9%, 102 +/- 6.0%, and 71.0 +/- 4.8%, respectively. Interference by SASP and its sulfapyridine metabolities is negligible. As demonstrated, the colorimetric method is of sufficient sensitivity for application in most metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies conducted with SASP in laboratory animals and man.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1995

[Initial personal experiences with alpha-1-antitrypsin determination in feces].

Fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin is recommended as a marker of enteric protein loss and in patients with Crohn's disease as an index of intestinal inflammatory activity. We describe our experience in 88 patients with chronic diarrhea or suspicion of protein-losing enteropathy. We measured alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration in random stool samples (n = 7), quantitative alpha-1-antitrypsin excretion in a 24 h feces collection (n = 59) and fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance (n = 22). 13 of 88 patients with the following diagnoses had increased values: Crohn's disease (3/9), other inflammatory diseases of the small intestine (3/3, Whipple's disease, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, celiac disease), hypertrophic gastropathy (1/4), infectious diarrhea (2/6), irritable bowel syndrome (2/29), chronic pancreatitis (2/32) and diarrhea of other reasons (0/5). In patients with Crohn's disease, alpha-1-antitrypsin excretion correlated with the clinical disease activity. All 3 patients with other inflammatory diseases of the small intestine showed increased fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin. All but 2 of the 32 patients with diarrhea due to chronic pancreatitis had normal values. Of 29 patients with idiopathic diarrhea, only 2 showed slightly increased fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin. 10 of the 11 patients with increased alpha-1-antitrypsin excretion in 24 h stool collection had normal alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration in random stool samples. Of the 5 patients with increased alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance, 4 also had increased alpha-1-antitrypsin in 24 h stool collection, but only one had increased alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration in random stool sample. Fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin measurement proved helpful in differing between inflammatory and non-inflammatory diarrhea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1995

Diagnosis of liver flukes in cows--a comparison of the findings in the liver, in the feces, and in the bile.

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis and aspiration of bile were attempted in 176 cows. These same procedures were performed in another 100 cows immediately after slaughter. The bile samples were examined microscopically for large and small liver fluke eggs. In addition, a fecal sample from each cow was examined for liver fluke eggs. The findings of both groups were summarized, and the results of the fecal and bile sample examinations were compared. In all cows the liver was examined for flukes, and the results were used as a reference. Of 41 cows in which adult flukes were found in the liver, 28 had F. hepatica eggs in fecal samples and 40 had F. hepatica eggs in bile samples. Of 204 cows in which no adult flukes were found in the liver, 23 had F. hepatica eggs in fecal samples and 27 had F. hepatica eggs in bile samples. The sensitivity of the determination of F. hepatica eggs in fecal and bile samples was 68 and 98%, respectively. The negative predictive values for fecal and bile examination were 93 and 99%, respectively. Of 49 cows in which adult flukes were observed in the liver, 13 had D. dendriticum eggs in fecal samples and 44 had D. dendriticum eggs in bile samples. Of 176 cows in which no adult flukes were found in the liver, 19 had D. dendriticum eggs in fecal samples and 49 had D. dendriticum eggs in bile samples. The sensitivity of the determination of D. dendriticum eggs in fecal and bile samples was 27 and 90%, respectively. The negative predictive values for fecal and bile examination were 81 and 96%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the examination of bile is clearly a more reliable method of diagnosing liver fluke infections than microscopic examination of feces.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Low-molecular-size allergens, LM-1s, in feces extract of Dermatophagoides farinae which elicit histamine release from washed blood cells of patients with bronchial asthma.

A significant activity to elicit histamine release was found in an ultrafilterable (Mr-cutoff < 10 kD) fraction of a mite feces extract from a spent mite medium. The activity was divided into two fractions (LM1 and LM2) on an Ultrogel AcA 54 column when monitored by histamine release assay using washed peripheral blood cells from mite-allergic patients. The larger-molecular-size antigen, LM1 was further separated into three allergenic fractions by consecutive chromatography on Sephadex G-50, GM-DEAE, and TSKgel ODS-120T. All the purified allergens, LM1s (LM1a, LM1b, and LM1c), which produced positive reactions in skin tests on allergic patients, were glycoproteins (molecular weight: 8 kD on SDS-PAGE; 12.5 kD on Gel filtration) with different carbohydrate contents and pI values ranging from 4 to 5 on an IEF plate. LM1s were cross-reactive with anti-Der f II but not with anti-Der f I. The reaction of LM1c to anti-Der f II serum was completely inhibited with the other antigens, while the reactions of LM1a and LM1b to the serum were partially inhibited with LM1c or the other antigens, respectively.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

[Evaluation in hospital practice of Fecatest, a new laboratory method for the detection of occult blood in feces].

The clinical significance of the laboratory information provided by Fecatest, a new test based on a guaiac reaction for detecting occult blood in the feces, has been determined. In 93.8% of 243 patients with a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract diagnosed by endoscopy and/or radiology the test was positive; 88.5% of 148 patients in whom no lesion had been found by the same methods had a negative test. In vivo and in vitro comparison of the degree of sensitivity of Fecatest with Hematest and Haemoccult showed the following ratios: Hematest 5, Fecatest 3, Haemoccult 1. In point of sensitivity Fecatest thus comes between the other two tests investigated. It is concluded that Fecatest is a valuable tool in detecting lesions of the gastrointestinal tract associated with occult bleeding. The results show a better degree of clinical correlation between the test and the lesions in the gastrointestinal tract than with the other two. This view is further strengthened by the important practical advantages offered by Fecatest.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1995

[Porphyrins in urine, blood, and feces and delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen].

The analyses of porphyrins and their precursors in urine, blood and feces are essential for establishing the diagnosis of hereditary porphyrias and for screening for occupational or industrial disease caused by exposure to lead dust or fumes. While porphyrins can easily be separated and extracted by the solvent-extraction method or various chromatographic procedures and provide information of diagnostic importance, high-performance liquid chromatography can now be best used for the separation and determination of porphyrins for differential diagnostic purposes. Where there is need for making a definite diagnosis, determination of activities of enzymes involved in the heme biosynthesis in erythrocyte or lymphocyte and/or genetic diagnosis would be the most reliable way of addressing the problem. These diagnostic techniques, however, are based on highly specialized scientific knowledge and discipline and not suitable for general use. In this paper, a description is given of the most widely used biologic diagnostic criteria and the diagnostic technique underlying them in current use.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed1976

[Utilization of the swarming phenomenon for the purpose of isolating pure cultures of salmonellae from feces. II].

A comparative study of the efficacy of two methods of isolation of salmonella from feces was conducted; it was shown that the method based on the capacity of these bacteria to swarming on special elective media was more sensitive than the conventional one. The swarming method proved to be less time consuming and less expensive, because two stages of conventional examination--i.e. enrichment of material and isolation of salmonellae--coincided in time and were carried out on the same media.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cryptosporidium sp in diarrheic feces of immunocompetent patients].

During a 2 year period, 423 diarrheic fecal samples from immunocompetent patients, older than 14 years and assisted at the Hospital Nacional de Clínicas de Córdoba, were screened for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Feces were examined with saline and iodine wet mounts, enriched by the formol-ether method and stained by the modified Kinyoun acid-fast method. Furthermore, leucocytes and erythrocytes per HPF (400 x) were counted. Sixty nine (16.31%) diarrheic stools showed enteroparasites. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 7 (1.65%) patients, second after Giardia intestinalis. Diarrhoea was moderated in 6 patients and severe in the remaining one. Leucocytes were increased only in one case, belonging to a patient with moderate diarrhoea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[SBOs of urinalysis, analyses of feces, CSF and body fluids].

Specific behavioral objectives (SBOs) of urinalysis, analysis of feces, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and body fluids should be decided carefully owing to the unique nature of these tests such as easy deterioration of specimens, false-positive/false-negative by interfering substances and the heavy reliance on conventional methods for many tests. Especially routine urinalysis, including reagent strip method and urinary sediments must be emphasized because these tests are performed by the physicians themselves at their office. Acquirement of sample collection, preservation and quality assurance for these tests are also indispensable.

Body Fluids↗