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Recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) on education in health and medical informatics.

The International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) agreed on international recommendations in health informatics / medical informatics education. These should help to establish courses, course tracks or even complete programs in this field, to further develop existing educational activities in the various nations and to support international initiatives concerning education in health and medical informatics (HMI), particularly international activities in educating HMI specialists and the sharing of courseware. The IMIA recommendations centre on educational needs for health care professionals to acquire knowledge and skills in information processing and information and communication technology. The educational needs are described as a three-dimensional framework. The dimensions are: 1) professionals in health care (physicians, nurses, HMI professionals, ...), 2) type of specialisation in health and medical informatics (IT users, HMI specialists) and 3) stage of career progression (bachelor, master, ...). Learning outcomes are defined in terms of knowledge and practical skills for health care professionals in their role (a) as IT user and (b) as HMI specialist. Recommendations are given for courses/course tracks in HMI as part of educational programs in medicine, nursing, health care management, dentistry, pharmacy, public health, health record administration, and informatics/computer science as well as for dedicated programs in HMI (with bachelor, master or doctor degree). To support education in HMI, IMIA offers to award a certificate for high quality HMI education and supports information exchange on programs and courses in HMI through a WWW server of its Working Group on Health and Medical Informatics Education (http://www.imia.org/wg1).

Education, Continuing↗

Healthy Lifestyle Check. A computerized health screening program.

The Healthy Lifestyle Check program is a computerized tool used to survey current health status and risk factors for potential ill health as well as to promote a healthy lifestyle. The program is an innovative teaching tool for student nurses, facilitating the integration of practice, education, and research. The program required self-report answers to questions relating to health history and current health-related behaviors with results of cholesterol, blood pressure, height, and weight assessment. Feedback to participants was provided by use of on-screen displays and printed reports containing public health messages, as well as counseling by the nurses. Results indicated that participants had not been screened for testicular, prostatic, and cervical cancers, or breast self-examination and medical checkups, and that they indulged in high levels of risk-taking behaviors such as high levels of alcohol consumption and low levels of exercise. The Healthy Lifestyle Check program is a valuable research tool that collects data and provides health information to participants, and has been used to teach nursing students the application of education and research to nursing practice.

Adolescent↗

E-learning and the future of dental education: opinions of administrators and information technology specialists.

The digital revolution and growth of the Internet have led to many innovations in the area of electronic learning (e-learning). To survive and prosper, educators must be prepared to respond creatively to these changes. Administrators and information technology specialists at six dental schools and their parent institutions were interviewed regarding their opinions of the impact that e-learning will have on the future of dental education. Interview questions encompassed vision, rate of change, challenges, role of faculty, resources, enrolment, collaboration, responsibility for course design and content, mission and fate of the institution. The objective of this qualitative study was to sample the opinions of educational administrators and information technology specialists from selected US universities regarding the impact of e-learning on dental education to detect trends in their attitudes. Responses to the survey indicated disagreement between administrators and informational technology specialists regarding the rate of change, generation of resources, impact on enrolment, responsibility for course design and content, mission and fate of the university. General agreement was noted with regard to vision, challenges, role of faculty and need for collaboration.

Attitude to Computers↗

A worldwide survey of the use of simulation in anesthesia.

PURPOSE: To gather information regarding the global use of simulation technology in education, evaluation and research in anesthesia. METHODS: The WorldWide Web was searched and located sites with simulation centres (n = 158) were mailed a 67-item questionnaire requesting information regarding demographics, personnel, education use and research involvement. Comments were solicited. Medical school data only are reported in this article. RESULTS: Two web sites were used to generate the list of simulation centres. Sixty responses were received (38%), with 41 emanating from medical schools. Seventy-seven percent of centres were involved in undergraduate education and 85% in postgraduate education. Few centres were involved in evaluation and/or competency assessments. Sixty-one percent of centres indicated ongoing research with a further 25% interested in international collaboration. University or university departmental-based funding largely supported simulation technology used in medical schools. The lack of financial and human resources was the single most common problem identified by respondents. CONCLUSIONS: From the survey responses received, opportunities for the simulator to be used for the assessment of performance appear to be under-utilized. This may be due to the lack of research in this area, lack of standardized, valid and reliable tests and the fact that most centres have only recently acquired this technology. Further research supporting the use of the simulator in education and evaluation is required.

Anesthesiology↗

Evidence-based surgery: creating the culture.

Hospitals and professional bodies require a culture that supports surgeons in their quest for knowledge, and provides the technological and educational environment in which they can promote evidence-based surgery. Surgeons must influence the development of their local information technology systems for data collection and outcome analysis, and deliver training programs that instill an attitude of continually seeking evidence. Identification of clinical problems and critical appraisal of the literature need to be taught. Management structures and relationships that facilitate a joint approach to delivering high-quality systematic clinical care should be developed. The culture that supports these aims is also one in which patients can rely on safely receiving up-to-date and effective treatments from well-trained and trusted surgeons.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

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Educational Technology↗

"Blended" online technology: maximizing instructor reach.

This article describes the development and implementation of a small animal nutrition course for veterinary technicians using ''blended'' online technology and delivery at multiple sites. Student contact was accomplished through both synchronous and asynchronous Internet platforms. A summary of student evaluations is provided. Application of the process described here may be appropriate where specific content expertise is available in one location and desired in multiple locations. Unique features of the course include (a) course and instructor provided by industry partner, (b) synchronous and asynchronous blended online elements, and (c) multiple schools engaged in merged, simultaneous sessions.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗

[Nursing actions in nephrology: a theoretical referral expanded beyond the biologicist health conception].

This article focuses ways of nursing performance in nephrology in the health promotion programs. Therefore, we present a theoretical referral formed by concepts of health promotion, health education and technologies. The conception of health promotion is anchored in the First International Conference documents about the subject, which took place in Ottawa, Canada in 1986. Health education is based on the empowerment paradigm, seen as a social action process that promotes people's participation in controlling their lives and health. The concept of technologies is presented in accordance with Merhy's conception, classifying them as hard technologies, light-hard and light ones. This referral will surely represent a new challenge for nurses in nephrology.

Health Promotion↗