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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae. II. Use of a beta-glucuronidase detecting agar medium (PGUA agar) for the identification of E. coli in primary cultures of urine samples.

beta-glucuronidase activity is an exclusive characteristic of E. Coli and some shigellae among Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. An agar medium (PGUA agar) which permits the detection of bacteria with beta-glucuronidase activity in mixed cultures was evaluated as a primary culture medium for clinical samples of urine. The medium was selective for enterobacteria and yielded significantly higher recoveries than MacConkey agar. Based on the examination of 3,460 urine samples, it was found that the use of the PGUA agar has several advantages over conventional methods: 1) 94% of all E. coli cultures could be identified on the basis of their appearance on the primary plates; 2) The use of the PGUA method did not result in any misidentidications as compared to 1% of cultured misidentified by the conventional procedure; 3) Approximately one-half of the urine samples which contained E. coli as the sole organism could be reported following the reading of primary culture plates; 4) The application of the PGUA medium resulted in a 46% reduction in the cost of media employed and a 67% reduction in the time required for the processing of urine samples.

Agar↗
PubMed1985

[Oligodynamic action of 17 different metals on Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacteriaceae, Legionellaceae, Micrococcaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

The oligodynamic action of the pure metals aluminium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, platinum, silver, tin, titanium, and zinc on Bacillus subtilis (1 strain), Enterobacteriaceae (26 strains), Legionellaceae (13 strains), Micrococcaceae (6 strains), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 strains) was investigated using an agar diffusion test. B. subtilis and Legionellaceae exhibited the highest susceptibility. The apathogenic micrococci and staphylococci were more susceptible to oligodynamic action of some metals than S. aureus. The group of gramnegative rods was the most resistant. The susceptibility of the different bacteria seems to be very different. Apart from the known oligodynamic action of some heavy metals the activity of antimony, cobalt, gold, and platinum should be mentioned.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1979

[On the contamination of the citric acid fermentation. II. Sodium 5-nitrofurylacrylate as an antiseptic against representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae (author's transl)].

In context with the first communication which deals with the characterization of the so-called brown contamination called forth by Enterobacteriaceae in the citric acid fermentation of molasses, the present paper describes the screening of antiseptic substances able to suppress the contamination mentioned without damaging the normal growth of the producing mould Aspergillus niger and its ability of producing citric acid. Among the substances tested the sodium salt of 5-nitrofurylacrylic acid (5-NFA) excelled partly because of its antiseptic effect in relatively small concentrations and partly because the mould tolerates appreciable amounts of this antiseptic. Therefore there may be applied, in the presence of a heavy contamination, relatively high concentrations of the antiseptic without fear of damaging the producing mould. Usually a dose of 10 to 15 mg 5-NFA in 11 of medium was sufficient to suppress the brown contamination.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1985

[Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae: evaluation of 3 commercial systems].

We have compared three rapid systems for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae: MS-2, Rapid 20E, Micro-ID. These methods allows to identifications of bacteria within 4-5 hours. We have chosen API 20E as reference system; because it is normally used in the clinical microbiology laboratories. We have noted good agreement of concordance for MS-2, Micro-ID and Rapid 20E towards API 20E, respectively 95, 90, 84%. We have, moreover, analysed significative difference about three systems biochemical tests in comparison with the same of API 20E.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interest of gamma-glutamyltransferase in "Enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)].

Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gammaGT) could be detected in 86,6% of 3,027 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, by the use of gamma-L-glutamin-p-nitranilide acid for substrate. The following species produced gamma GT: Citrobacter freundii, Levinea malonatica, L. amalonatica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. ozaenae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. cloacae, E. agglomerans, E. gergoviae, K. ozaenae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. cloacae, E. agglomerans, E. gergoviae, Hafnia alvei, Erwinia carotovora, Serratia marcescens, S. liquefaciens, S. plymuthica, S. marinorubra, S. odorifera, S. ficaria, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, P. morganii, P. rettgeri, Providencia alcalifaciens, P. stuartii, Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Most strains of Escherichia coli and Alkalescens Dispar group are gamma GT+. The following species did not produce gammaGT: Shigella sonnei, Edwardsiella tarda, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis and Yersinia pestis. Within the Salmonella, most strains of subgenus I, II and IV, and diphasic strains of subgenus III (S. arizonae) produced gamma GT, whereas monophasic strains of subgenus III did not produce gammaGT. Salmonella enteritidis (gammaGT+) and S. dublin (gammaGT-) can readily be distinguished. This test (gammaGT) could also serve as a biochemical marker for S. typhi-murium strains. Shigella dysenteriae serotypes 3 to 9 were gammaGT+ whereas other serotypes were gammaGT-. Within S. flexneri serotype 6, varieties Boyd 88 and Newcastle were found gammaGT+; and varieties Sussex and Manchester were gammaGT-. The use of gammaGT test as an epidemiological marker for other Shigella serotypes is suggested.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between beta-lactamases production and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae.

288 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were assayed for beta-lactamase production in order to assess the role played by beta-lactamases in resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The data obtained showed that beta-lactamase production is undoubtedly a fundamental determinant for resistance. In fact, there was a significant correlation between the specific activity of the enzyme and the MIC of the strains considered. However, the role played by permeability barriers and/or other factors should be stressed, especially in determining resistance to cephalosporins. The validity of the nitrocefin test for detection of beta-lactamase production in Enterobacteriaeae from clinical isolates was also investigated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[In vitro study of combinations between third-generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides on Enterobacteriaceae].

Four cephalosporins (cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone and ceftriaxone) were tested in combination with four aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin). We examined 16 clinically isolates of Enterobacteriaceae of which 8 were resistant to newer cephalosporins. The synergy studies was evaluated with a microtiter checkerboard broth dilution. Studies of synergy revealed that cephalosporins in combination with amikacin were often synergistic against third generation cephalosporins resistant strains. These results suggest that amikacin may be facilitate the cephalosporin antibacterial activity.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

A plasmid-linked caseinolytic activity in Enterobacteriaceae.

We have tested for production of caseinolytic activity the strain of E. coli K12 J62 carrying different R factors from various Enterobacteriaceae of clinical isolates. The results obtained showed the presence of a caseinolytic activity in 7 out of 139 R factors tested. All of these positive (cas+) R factors derived from strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and all were able to transfer a strong lac+ phenotype as well as multiple antibiotic resistances (R-lac factors). Another strain of E. coli K12, J53, which is plasmid-free, produced levels of caseinolytic activity comparable to those of the Klebsiella R factors; J62, on the contrary, appeared to possess an inhibitor specific for the caseinolytic activities of J53 and of the R factors but not of other cas+ Gram+ and Gram- organisms. The hypothesis that the expression of the cas+ phenotype in E. coli K12 may be due to the presence of plasmid-linked regulatory genes is discussed.

Caseins↗
PubMed1983

Enterobacteriaceae and other gram negative bacteria in the water of lakes used as open air baths around the city of Bratislava.

During the bathing period of 1981 (June to September), and before it (September 1980 to May 1981), we monthly collected, and analysed, samples of water from a series of lakes used as recreational bathing area by inhabitants of the southern part of the City of Bratislava. We isolated and determined biochemical properties of altogether 241 strains of gram negative bacteria belonging mostly to Enterobacteriaceae and to so-called non-fermenters, with special reference to deviations in results of individual tests used for their taxonomical identification and classification. We attempted to determine also the significance of individual biochemical tests of bacterial strains from water samples, as well as the general evaluation of water quality on basis of hygienic criteria set up for the suitability of individual lakes for recreational bathing, to analyse the causes of water contamination, and to evaluate bacterial strains from the hygienic and epidemiological point of view. The qualitative and quantitative incidence of individual bacterial biotypes indicate a continuous contamination of natural baths with fecal waste containing microorganisms from healthy as well as sick persons. As a consequence, the free bathing of the City population in natural lakes studied represents a potential sanitary risk for the persons concerned.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

[Strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chronic bacterial carriers of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella schottmuelleri and from healthy persons].

Fecal samples obtained from 51 chronic carriers of S. typhi and S. schottmuelleri and from 35 healthy persons were studied. Strains of different species of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified. The resistance of the isolated strains to the most commonly used antibiotics was determined. The fecal samples of the carriers were found to yield a greater number of strains than those of the healthy persons. Among the strains isolated from the carriers a variety of species was noted. S. typhi and S. schottmuelleri strains were found to be sensitive to the tested antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant strains were mostly isolated from members of the medical staff.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[In vitro activity of a new cephalosporin--cefoperazone--against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

431 recent clinical isolates from the families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae drawn from the western part of Switzerland have been tested for Cefoperazone sensitivity. With 6 exceptions, all strains were susceptible or highly sensitive to the antibiotic. Striking was the excellent activity of cefoperazone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and indol-positive Proteus species, in contrast that of most of the already established cephalosporins.

Cefoperazone↗
PubMed1984

Transferable resistance to gentamicin and other antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from municipal wastewater.

In two sets of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas bacteria resistant to at least two antibiotics a distinctly upward trend was found in the incidence of strains resistant to gentamicin. The strains examined were either routine isolates from three municipal wastewater treatment facilities or from the Danube river samples collected near the outlet of municipal sewerage. The resistance to gentamicin points to the representation of strains originating from hospitalized patients and its incidence among wastewater strains is recordable since the summer of 1981. Gentamicin resistance transfer could be demonstrated in a sewage sludge strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to seven antibiotics and in two multiresistant isolates from the river Danube. Resistance transfers in the case of other antibiotics, especially those susceptible to beta-lactamase (ampicillin, carbenicillin), were demonstrated in 10 out of the 24 di- and multiresistant strains tested. These findings show that both municipal wastewater and water in streams may function as the reservoirs of strains bearing the determinants of transferable resistance. Such strains may play an important role not only in the ecology and epidemiology of R plasmids, but also in the accidental spread of the so-called DNA recombinants that might escape during gene manipulations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Possible diagnostic value of aminopeptidases detected by chromogenic substrates in Enterobacteriaceae.

The presence of aminopeptidases revealed by three chromogenic substrates (chromozym PL, chromozym TH, and carbobenzoxy-glycyl-prolyl-arginine-p-nitranilide) has been investigated by a simple method in 153 strains of different genera and species of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The results suggest that the AP-PL, AP-TH, and AP-CGPA tests can be of diagnostic value for the identification of enterobacteria.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1982

Correlation of beta-lactamase production and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae.

Incidence of beta-lactamase production (using the Nitrocefin test and isoelectric focusing) was evaluated on 284 strains of ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Production of the various beta-lactamases was correlated with the resistance to different beta-lactam antibiotics. No obvious correlation between the beta-lactamase production and the resistance pattern was found. The most striking result was the lack of beta-lactamase production in 42.6% of the strains. About 50% or more of the Proteus morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia and Enterobacter strains produced no beta-lactamases, in contrast to E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus rettgeri strains which produced beta-lactamases extensively. The predominant enzyme was TEM 1, while TEM 2 enzyme was extremely common in Proteus mirabilis and Proteus rettgeri. Finally, it can be concluded from our results that the production of beta-lactamases can be regarded as an important but not the sole determinant of resistance of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Ampicillin↗