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PubMed1998

Eyelid disorders: diagnosis and management.

Eyelid problems range from benign, self-resolving processes to malignant, possibly metastatic, tumors. Inflammation, infection, benign and malignant tumors, and structural problems such as ectropion, entropion and blepharoptosis may occur. Fortunately, most eyelid disorders are not vision-threatening or life-threatening; however, many cause irritative symptoms such as burning, foreign-body sensation or pain. Blepharitis, or eyelid inflammation, one of the most common problems, is characterized by erythematous eyelids with accumulation of debris along the eyelid margin. Malignant eyelid tumors may be associated with lash loss and erosion of normal eyelid structures. Recognition and diagnosis of these problems are crucial to their proper management. Warm compresses and antibiotics suffice for many conditions, while excision, cryotherapy or laser treatment are required for some.

Eyelid Diseases↗

PubMed1998

Trigeminal neuralgia, trophic ulceration and the plastic surgeon.

An 80-year-old woman presented with ulceration to the right alar margin about 20 years after first undergoing treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. This was reconstructed with a sensory innervated left nasal flap. Two years later she required an innervated left forehead flap to correct a secondary ectropion of the right lower eyelid, and the following year required further surgery to repair a defect on her chin. Cosmesis remains satisfactory with no further ulceration 2 years after the last operation.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Barber-Say Syndrome: report of a new case.

We present a girl with lax, redundant skin, ectropion, bulbous nose, macrostomia, and absence of mammary glands. To our knowledge, she represents the fourth described case of Barber-Say Syndrome (BSS). BSS and ablepharon macrostomia syndrome (AMS) share common and distinctive clinical manifestations that involve the same structure of the skin and adnexa. We hypothesize that they may derive from a defective regulation of the same gene.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1976

Cytology of 575 young women with prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol.

The vaginal and cervical cellular changes encountered in 575 postpubertal females exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES) were compared with those of an unexposed population with particular reference to the role of cytology in the detection of vaginal adenosis and cervical ectropion (erosion). Several methods of obtaining specimens were utilized, the most effcacious of which was scraping of the vagina, especially the fornices, and the portio vaginalis of the cervix. With this technic, columnar cells of the mucinous type and metaplastic squamous cells were observed in 34% of the vaginal scrapes and 54% of the scrapes of the cervical portio. A higher incidence was apparent among those patients in whom iodine staining of the vaginal mucosa was abnormal or vaginal adenosis was proven by biopsy. Moderate to severe dysplasia of the squamous cells or atypical glandular cells were found in 1% of the exposed subjects. This study indicates that the presence of mucinous columnar or metaplastic squamous cells in vaginal scrapes is suggestive of vaginal adenosis but that vaginal cytology cannot be considered a uniformly reliable screening technic for detecting the presence of this disorder.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Management of female genital HPV infections by the LEEP method (Loop Electrosurgical Excisional Procedure)].

METHOD: Two different groups of women have been selected: group A (120 patients), affected by genital warts and ectropion, treated only with destructive therapy by means of LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excisional Procedure) with spheric electrod, while group B (20 patients), of which two affected by CIN I and resistant to other treatments for a period longer than 12 months, and 18 patients with a histologic diagnosis of CIN II, CINIII/HPV, treated with conization by LEEP method. After therapy, a follow-up has been carried out, with colposcopic, cytologic, histologic control, scheduled 1-3-6-12 months after therapy. RESULTS: The results proved positive, since recovery in the two groups (A and B), after treatment, has been 100% with no complications, verified by follow-up after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of LEEP, represents a simple alternative, fast, painless practical, at a minimum cost to the patient and the community, devoid of complications, without general anaesthesia in the treatment of CIN as well as of genital warts, substituting in this last case the loop with a sphere electrode. Moreover, it does not affect the function, as well as the anatomy of the organ, a primary factor is young patients desiring children. This technique permits to obtain at the end of the operation one or more tissue fragments to be used for histological examinations, with free margins from necrotic border, assuring the integrity of the tissue, and thus leading a correct diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Summary of the changes in the human female genital tract as a consequence of maternal diethylstilbestrol therapy.

The current evidence associating maternal ingestion of diethylstilbestrol (DES) with the subsequent appearance of clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the genital tract has been presented. Thus far, these cancers are rare among exposed females. DES, dienestrol, and hexestrol, all nonsteroidal synthetic estrogens, have been implicated. The tumors have appeared primarily in exposed subjects over the age of 14 yr with the median ranging from 18 to 19 yr. Nonneoplastic abnormalities have been observed commonly in the exposed, including vaginal adenosis, cervical erosion (ectropion), and transverse vaginal and cervical ridges. The highest incidence of vaginal adenosis was noted among those whose mothers began DES in early pregnancy, and no cases were observed among those whose mothers began treatment after the 18th wk. Current evidence suggests that these alterations as well as the carcinomas are of mullerian origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1955