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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Borderline mental disorders in chronic diseases of the digestive system in children and adolescents].

Based on studies into the mental sphere of gastroenterological patients aged 6 to 16 years, the author systematized borderline neurotic and personality disorders on the clinical and etiopathogenetic basis. The primarily psychogenic origin of the psychopathological symptomatology was recorded in 39.3% of the patients, the primarily somatogenic one in 33.2%. The syndrome of the neurotic phantom of somatic disease, which formed in 27.2% of neurotic patients is described. A concept of the mental constituent of a chronic disease is worded. A system of measures aimed at early diagnosis, correction, treatment and psychoprophylaxis of borderline conditions and psychosocial readaptation of patients is scientifically based.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Hepatic angioma: a bothersome presence during staging of neoplasms of the digestive system].

On reviewing a consecutive series of 1,200 ultrasonic tomographies of the liver to assess the incidence of liver angiomas, the authors describe their sonographic, tomodensitometric and angiographic characteristics. They emphasise the fact that such lesions, though usually not constituting a serious clinical or diagnostic problem, as a simple sonographic follow-up will suffice to clarify the situation, may nevertheless, in certain particular clinical situations such as in the course of tumour staging of the digestive apparatus, require full diagnostic investigation using all the techniques available (ultrasonic tomography, CAT, liver arteriography, sonographically guided thin-needle biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Digestive system surgery in octogenarians].

Between October 1, 1977 and June 30, 1983, 139 G.I. tract operations were performed in patients over 80 years-old. 45,3% were post-operatively admitted to the I.C.U.; the criteria for admission were emergency surgical interventions, the type and duration of the operation. The operative mortality was 15,8%. Contributory factors were the type of the intervention, its curative nature and the necessity for post-operative reanimation. The urgent nature of the intervention as well as the histology of the lesion had no bearing on the mortality. Local complications were noted in 34,5% of the cases and were mainly superficial and deep wound infections. General complications, mainly involving the cardio-pulmonary and urinary tract systems, occurred in 68,3% of the cases. Morbidity was mainly associated with the timing of the intervention.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Critical Care Surgery Unit in general and digestive system surgery].

In a 5-bed Critical Care Surgery Unit (UQCC) where surgeons are in charge of care, 126 patients admitted over 5 consecutive months were divided into 4 groups according to the treatment given: Group I (n = 49): elective gastrointestinal surgery; Group II (n = 52): emergency gastrointestinal surgery; Group III (n = 15): non-gastrointestinal surgery; Group IV (n = 10): medical treatment. The mean stay of all patients in the Surgical Critical Care Unit was 6 +/- 7.7 days and the global mortality was 7.9% (n = 10). The mean age of the patients who died was 71.5 +/- 7.3 years and 70% of the deaths corresponded to Group II. Forty percent of the patients who died had systemic candidiasis. Among the factors implicated in the mortality acute gastrointestinal pathology per se, the coexistence of chronic systemic disease and advanced age were prominent. We discuss the need for typifying the role of Surgical Critical Care Units in General and Gastrointestinal Surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effect of mercuric chloride on the digestive system of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus.

The effect of 1.8 mg/liter (LC50) of mercuric chloride exposure on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, amylase, pepsin, trypsin, tripeptidase glycyl-glycine dipeptidase and carnosinase has been examined in Channa punctatus. The three phosphatases have been inhibited in the liver but showed an increase in activity in the intestine and pyloric caeca. Amylase, pepsin and trypsin have also shown a slight increase in activity. There has been no significant alteration in the activites of the peptidases. The results show that mercury inhibits the activites of phosphatases in the liver but has no significant effect on the digestive enzymes within the experimental period of 96 hours.

Amylases↗
PubMed1994

Enterochromaffin cells of the digestive system: cellular source of guanylin, a guanylate cyclase-activating peptide.

Guanylin, a bioactive peptide, has recently been isolated from the intestine; this peptide activates intestinal guanylate cyclase (i.e., guanylate cyclase C) and thus is potentially involved in the regulation of water/electrolyte transport in the gastrointestinal mucosa. As yet, the cells involved in synthesis, storage, or secretion of guanylin have not been identified by immunocytochemistry. We raised antisera against guanylin and investigated the entire gastrointestinal tract of guinea pigs by light and electron microscopical immunocytochemistry. Extracts of various intestinal segments and plasma analyzed on a Western blot revealed a peptide band corresponding to the molecular mass of guanylin. Localization studies in the entire digestive tract showed that guanylin is exclusively confined to enterochromaffin (EC) cells. Remarkably, most EC cells contacted the gut lumen by cell processes that were highly immunoreactive for guanylin. In addition to the well known secretion in an endocrine fashion, EC cells by circumstantial evidence may release guanylin into the gut lumen to activate guanylate cyclase C that is immediately located on the brush border of adjacent enterocytes. The unique localization of guanylin in EC cells may indicate that these cells are involved in the regulation of fluid secretion in the gastrointestinal mucous membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical staging of malignant tumors of the digestive system by the TNM system].

Computed tomography has decisively improved the determination of the clinical stage of tumors of the esophagus- and rectum. This method enables tumors to be diagnosed and localized as well as the extend of tumor spread to adjacent organs and metastatic lymph node involvement to be evaluated in most cases without additional invasive imaging procedures. CT is rarely used for tumors of the stomach, small bowel and colon.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Methods of assessing motility of the digestive system in children.

The study of gastrointestinal motility in children has evolved during the past 25 years. Miniaturization of tools for collecting data has created opportunities to study the maturation of gastrointestinal motility patterns in infants and complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation and distention in children. Available methods, indications for testing, and data evaluation of pediatric esophageal, gastrointestinal, and colonic motility and manometric tests are discussed.

Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

G protein-coupled receptor signaling: implications for the digestive system.

Extracellular signaling molecules regulate intracellular events by way of complex transduction assemblies composed of several proteins: receptor, G protein, effector, inactivating enzyme. Much is known about the structure and function of these transducer proteins. A signaling molecule initiates transduction by binding to the receptor which then prompts the G protein to undergo a reaction cycle. This cycle involves guanine nucleotide binding and hydrolysis, G protein subunit dissociation, and interactions with an effector (e.g. adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C), as well as with inactivating molecules. The result is altered generation of intracellular second messengers, protein transcription, or another profound cellular response. This signal transduction system also contains multiple mechanisms for turning off the signal such as phosphorylating, internalizing, or downregulating receptors, uncoupling the receptor-G protein complex, or cell-surface peptidases, and precipitating conformational changes in transducer elements. These aspects of signal transduction are examined in two well studied systems, namely the beta 2-adrenergic and the substance P transducers. Both complexes are important physiological neuroregulators in the gut and elsewhere. Pathophysiological mechanisms involving aberrent signal transduction have been implicated in various diseases including major common illnesses such as heart failure and gastrointestinal disorders such as cholera, other infectious diarrheas, and colitis.

Binding Sites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of the digestive system. Medico-dietetic implications in infants].

The development of the human gastrointestinal tract starts in early intrauterine life. In spite of this early start of the functional differentiation of its tissues, the GI tract function is still incomplete at the end of gestation. This report reviews the physiological and biochemical aspects of the gastrointestinal ontogeny which have medical and dietetical implications in the first year of life of infants.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychological aspects of diet therapy of children and adolescents suffering from digestive system diseases].

Clinicopsychological investigations of 361 patients, aged from 6 to 17 years, suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, have revealed in 60.7% of them negative psychological attitude to the dietotherapy they received. Among children and adolescents with concomitant neurotic disorders such attitude was noted in 79.6%. A system of special measures has been developed including three main elements: 1) psychotherapeutic mediation of dietotherapy before its administration and in the process of the therapy; 2) creation of the psychologic attitude to the diet adherence; 3) alteration of the patient's taste stereotype. Realization of such measures has been conducive to higher effectiveness of the dietotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Aminotripeptidase (EC E.4.1.3) activity in the digestive system of some teleost fishes.

Aminotripeptidase (EC 3.4.1.3) has been found to be present in the intestinal mucosa, hepatopancreas and the pyloric caeca of the three fished examined. The pH optimum of the enzyme ranges from 6.6 to 7.6. The pH optimum varies from species to species and also from section to section of the gut in the same species. The enzyme is most active in the carnivorous Channa gachua in comparison to the other fishes studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Validity of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of digestive system diseases].

Laparoscopy, a diagnostic procedure used in Gastroenterology, Surgery and Gynecology is a safe and effective method allowing direct vision of the contents of the abdominal cavity. Since the introduction of different imaging techniques, indications of laparoscopy have decreased. However, it is still useful in the evaluation of peritoneal diseases, liver disease, lymphoma and granulomatosis. The usefulness of laparoscopy is limited in the diagnosis of jaundice, cysts and abdominal masses.

Adolescent↗