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Results for “DENTAL PULP”

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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Nerve fibers immunoreactive to protein gene product 9.5, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and neuropeptide Y in the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and gingiva in cats.

The distribution patterns of nerve fibers immunoreactive (IR) to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the dental pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL), and gingiva were studied and compared with the complete innervation visualized by antibody to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 in adult cats. The pulp showed considerably denser nerve supply for PGP 9.5, CGRP, and SP than the periodontal tissues. Most of the pulpal fibers were CGRP-IR, and approximately three to four times more IR fibers were labeled with CGRP than SP. Most fibers in the odontoblast area penetrating into the dentin tubules were CGRP-IR. NPY-IR nerves were mainly observed in connection with the larger blood vessels in pulp and PDL. In the PDL most nerves were localized in the apical third in connection with blood vessels, but CGRP-IR fibers extending close to root cementum were often observed. Immunoreactivity to PGP 9.5 and CGRP was frequently found in cell-like structures in connection with Malassez epithelium in the PDL and in some round epithelial-like cells located in the base of gingival rete pegs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The identification of esterase D isoenzyme (EsD) phenotypes in the dental pulp by isoelectric focusing].

An identification method based on the isoelectrofocusing (IEF) assay of the EsD phenotypes in dental cavity pulp is reported. The IEF has been carried out on polyacrylamide gel (T = 5% and C = 3%), using ampholines ranging pH 4.5-5.4. A pre-focusing of 20 min at 2,000 V, 100 mA and 8 W was used; focusing conditions were: 2,000 V, unlimited current and W, for 75 min at 4 degrees C. Electropherograms were read under UV at 366 nm after reaction with 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate giving a fluorescent product. The content of a single dental cavity has been found to be the smallest amount of sample needed for the assay in alive subjects, excluding dental pathology which could interfered with the results. In bodies, excluding interferences from abnormal preservation conditions, a clear decrease in the reliability of the assay has been observed after the 6th day since the death. In any case, on the basis of the authors' experience, the dental pulp, as compared to blood, seems a preferable sample for identification purposes.

Carboxylesterase↗
PubMed1994

Axon reflex vasodilatation in cat dental pulp elicited by noxious stimulation of the gingiva.

Antidromic stimulation of sensory nerves has been shown to increase blood flow in the tissue they innervate. This study was designed to determine if antidromic vasomotor responses occur in feline dental pulp and if they are mediated by branched axons supplying both tooth pulp and gingiva. Dynamic changes in pulpal blood flow (PBF) elicited by electrical stimulation, pinching, heating, and capsaicin application to the gingivae were investigated in cat mandibular canine teeth by means of Laser Doppler Velocimetry. All inferior alveolar nerve bundles and the cervical sympathetic trunk had been previously sectioned to avoid the occurrence of brainstem reflexes, e.g., somato-autonomic vasomotor reflexes. Increases in PBF were observed in seven out of 12 cats when a restricted gingival area adjacent to the canine teeth was stimulated as described, but the increases were abolished after the sensitive gingival area was painted with lidocaine jelly, a surface anesthetic. These vasodilator responses, remarkably reduced following repeated application of 30 mM of capsaicin, are considered to be induced via antidromic activation of capsaicin-sensitive nociceptive nerve fibers, presumably by axon reflex mechanisms, suggesting that nerve terminals supplying the gingiva originate from parent axons which have collaterals that innervate the canine tooth pulp.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-immunoreactivity in human dental pulp and gingiva.

The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is regarded as an operational marker of proliferating cells. We have used PC10 monoclonal antibody to PCNA to reveal proliferation sites in human dental pulp and gingiva. Intense PCNA-immunoreactivity was observed in the basal layer of the gingiva lining epithelium and within some cells of the underlying connective tissues, including some endothelial and perivascular cells. PCNA-reactive cells were scattered throughout the pulp tissue, but were particularly numerous in the peripheral part. Since PCNA is an endogenous cell cycle-related molecule, we propose that PCNA-antibodies may represent useful for studying cell kinetics in human oral tissues in normal as well as pathological situations, such as tumours, wound healing and inflammation.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1992

Catalase/peroxidase activity in dental pulp.

Extrinsic stains on vital teeth are bleached with 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or carbamide peroxide, H2O2 greatly inhibits the activity of several enzymes. Free H2O2 and carbamide peroxide readily enter the pulp through the coronal wall of the tooth. Nevertheless, adverse effects have been remarkably rare. This study was undertaken to determine whether dental pulp exhibits any catalase or peroxidase activity that might protect it from damage during vital bleaching procedures. Pulpal tissue from healthy human teeth was assayed for catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity. A phosphate buffer extract of the tissue served as the source of the enzymes. The rate of breakdown of H2O2 by the tissue extract was measured and the rate constant for catalase was determined. The catalase activity, defined as microM H2O2 broken down/min/mg wet tissue, was determined and found to be only 2 x 10(-2), which is very low. The fibrous pulpal tissue was found to exhibit virtually no glutathione peroxidase activity.

Catalase↗
PubMed1992

Occurrence and distribution of different neurochemical markers in the human dental pulp.

The occurrence and distribution of neuronal markers in human premolar and molar pulps were studied immunohistochemically. In the apical and central parts of the pulp, evenly distributed, thick neurofilament-immunoreactive nerve bundles predominated, which in many instances accompanied blood vessels. In the coronal parts, especially in the pulp horns, such nerve bundles formed a subodontoblastic plexus, while thin neurofilament-immunoreactive fibres projected into the odontoblastic region. In the coronal parts of the pulp, thin, varicose, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and occasionally substance P-immunoreactive fibres were observed in the pulp-dentine zone and also in the vicinity of blood vessels. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) fibres were distributed in several nerve bundles, while single VIP fibres were seen projecting into the odontoblastic region as well as in the vicinity of blood vessels. Peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI)-immunoreactive fibres showed a similar distribution as VIP, but were less common. Furthermore, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibres occurred occasionally around blood vessels in the inner parts of the pulp. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibres with a varicose appearance were observed in some nerve bundles, but were also frequently seen around and in blood vessels. In premolar pulps obtained from teeth with open apices a less dense neurofilament innervation was seen in the coronal pulp. However, no apparent difference in the occurrence and distribution of the other neuronal markers was found compared to mature teeth. The human dental pulp, thus, seems to have a rich occurrence of neuropeptides and tyrosine hydroxylase in thin, varicose fibres. However, the distribution of the fibres expressing immunoreactivity to these neuronal markers seems to be sparse in comparison to neurofilament-immunoreactive fibres.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1986

Dental pulp inflammation; experimental studies in human and monkey teeth.

Data from several studies performed during the last 15 years indicate that bacteria and their products are the main etiological factor for dental pulp inflammation. The present series of investigations was conducted in order to determine the irritating effect from various oral bacterial components and restorative measures on dental pulpal tissue and to ascertain reaction patterns of inflamed pulp tissue. The different bacterial materials were tested in an experimental model where the test substance was applied and enclosed in buccal class V cavities prepared in human or monkey teeth. The pulp tissue response was evaluated from tooth specimens after both short (8 hours) and long time (150 days) challenge with the test substance. Intra and extra cellular components from pure bacterial species, cell wall material and a crude mixture of 8 bacterial species were used as representative test materials for oral bacteria associated with growth on or in dentin. Silicate cement restorations were also used as a pulp irritating restorative procedure. The degree of pulpal inflammation was classified according to a descriptive method. In order to obtain a better evaluation method for pulp tissue reactions, a stereo morphometric technique was developed. This method was used in the last study to evaluate the pulp tissue reactions to silicate cement restorations after dentin treatment with calcium hydroxide. The chemotactic effect of the different bacterial materials were also tested in wound chambers implanted in the back of rats. Results from these studies showed that components from different bacterial species had varying capacity to induce pulpal inflammation over cut dentin. The severity of the early inflammatory response was not altered after decomplementation. The tested bacterial products had a similar chemotactic effect on the pulp tissue as on ordinary connective tissue. If the pulp was challenged with bacterial products for a long time period, healing and repair were frequently found, although if the pulp tissue was primary severely inflamed. The inflammatory reactions and repair patterns in human teeth were similar to those of monkey teeth. Treatment of exposed dentin with calcium hydroxide reduced the pulp irritating effect of silicate cement restorations, but induced only limited volumes of irregular secondary dentin formation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of adrenergic compounds on the brain potentials evoked by stimulation of the dental pulp].

Intraventriculare injections have brough evidence that alpha-adrenomimetic norepinephrine and beta-adrenomimetic isopropylnorepinephrine augment in the senso-motor region of the cortex the amplitude of primary responses evoked through a dental pulp stimulation. The alpha-adrenoblocking agents--dihydroergotoxin and phentolamine and the beta-edrenoblocking agent propranolol force down the amplitude of primary responses. The sphere of the drugs action is presumed to be the thalamic nuclei.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Angiogenesis in human dental pulp following orthodontic tooth movement.

The pulpal response to orthodontic force is thought to involve cell damage, inflammation, and wound healing. These situations are likely to be associated with the release of angiogenic growth factors. We therefore investigated human dental pulps to determine if angiogenic changes could be detected after orthodontic force application. Fifteen premolar teeth were treated with straight-wire fixed orthodontic appliances for two weeks, and comparisons were made with 15 untreated control premolar teeth from the same subjects. The teeth were extracted and sectioned. The pulps were removed, divided into 1-mm sections, embedded in collagen, and cultured in growth media for up to four weeks. Cultures were examined daily, by light microscopy, for growth and number of microvessels. Apparent microvessels were observed within five days. Confirmation of microvessel identification was by electron microscopy for endothelial cell morphology. There were significantly greater numbers of microvessels at day five and day ten of culture in the pulp explants from orthodontically treated teeth compared with those from the pulps of control teeth. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there is an increase in angiogenic growth factors in the pulp of orthodontically moved teeth.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed1985

Dental pulp response to bacterial cell wall material.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Bacteroides oralis and Veillonella parvula and cell wall material from Lactobacillus casei were studied for their capacity to induce leukocyte migration in the dental pulp and in an implanted wound chamber. Three adult monkeys were challenged using lyophilized material sealed into buccal Class V cavities prepared in dentin. Pulp tissue responses were observed histologically eight and 72 hours after initiation of the experiment. Subjacent to cut dentinal tubules, bacterial materials induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN's) infiltration in the pulp tissue of the majority of test teeth examined. Responses were similar for the three bacterial test materials at both time periods. Topical applications of bovine serum albumin (BSA), used as a control, induced significantly less accumulation of PMN's. Assessments of induced exudate volumes and leukocyte densities in chambers implanted in rats showed comparable rankings with pulpal experiment between test (i.e., bacterial) and control (BSA) materials. Analysis of the data indicates that high-molecular-weight complexes of bacterial cell walls may adversely affect pulpal tissue across freshly exposed dentin.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Stimulation of proliferation and differentiation of dog dental pulp cells in serum-free culture medium by insulin-like growth factor.

Insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II are considered to play an important part in the growth and differentiation of dental pulp cells. The present study examined the effects of these factors on pulp cells in serum-free culture conditions. The DNA content and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity of dog pulp cells increased when they were cultured in a serum-free medium supplemented with transferrin, yolk lipoprotein and basic fibrobrast growth factor (TYF medium). The pulp cells produced type I collagen but not type III, suggesting that they might proliferate and differentiate into odontoblast-like cells in a serum-free culture. Both IGF-I and IGF-II enhanced the ALPase activity of pulp cells cultured in TYF medium to an equivalent level, but a higher concentration of IGF-II was necessary to produce a similar effect on DNA synthesis to that of IGF-I. Insulin dose-dependently enhanced DNA synthesis and increased ALPase activity, but its effects were weaker than those of the IGFs. These findings suggest that IGF-I might have a primary role in the growth and differentiation of pulp cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗