SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a clinical entity which is thought to be caused by a combination of mechanical, immunological and inflammatory mechanisms. This paper reviews the laboratory research data associated with giant papillary conjunctivitis.
Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare, usually bilateral, chronic membranous conjunctivitis, which begins acutely in childhood and persists for many years. In view of the poor results obtained with other forms of therapy in the past, the resection of the involved conjunctiva and tarsus with the grafting of donor sclera is offered as another alternative in the management of this distressing condition.
Conjunctival swabs obtained from 39 cats with conjunctivitis and from 50 cats with clinically normal conjunctivae were cultured for bacteria, mycoplasmas, viruses and chlamydiae. Non hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from both groups, but B hemolytic streptococci, rhinotracheitis (feline herpes I) virus, Mycoplasma felis and Chlamydia psittaci were recovered only from cases of conjunctivitis. The isolation rate of microorganisms was low; only two of 50 normal and 14 of 39 diseased cats yielded positive cultures.
Oxymetazoline (0.025%) ophthalmic solution, 2 drops 4-times daily, was compared with a placebo in the treatment of allergic and non-infectious conjunctivitis. In this 1 week, double-blind, multi-centre study, oxymetazoline proved significantly superior to the placebo (p < 0.001) in providing rapid and sustained clearing of inflamed conjunctiva. Overall, 84% of allergic patients treated with oxymetzoline were improved compared to 58% on placebo. Patients with non-infectious conjunctivitis exhibited a high degree of improvement (94%) compared to placebo (51%).
A total of 84 Costa Rican patients with a clinical diagnosis of Allergic Conjuntivitis (with or without other allergic diagnosis) and 100 non atopic subjects were studied by prick tests for all of Poaceae Tribes present in Costa Rica. Positivity was recorded in 70% of the Allergic Conjunctivitis patients for at least one of the tribes (against 2% of controls). An increase in the number of analysed tribes correlated with a higher number of patients allergic to graminean pollens. Guanacaste Province had the highest positivity, and patients aged 11 to 20 years were the most sensitive. Aveneae had the highest positivity except in Alajuela Province, in which Paniceae was highest in positivity. Poaceae pollens are very important in allergic hypersensitivity among Allergic Conjunctivitis patients. Prick tests for all the tribes present in the country are required to fully detect positivity to this family.
During December 1989 to December 1992, conjunctival specimens from 63 patients with severe trachoma and 30 with acute follicular conjunctivitis at the eye clinic of Tong Ren Hospital in Beijing, were tested by using direct immunofluorescent technique and amplified enzyme-linked immunoassay (Micro Trak and IDEIA) for chlamydial antigenicity. Trachoma accounted for 97.6% while acute follicular conjunctivitis accounted for 2.4% of the positive cases. Micro Trak and IDEIA tests proved advantageous over the culture method for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. In our study, Ofloxacin eye ointment has been proved to be an alternative drug for severe trachoma with better curative effectiveness.
Immunological tolerance can be induced by the oral administration of antigen. We induced oral tolerance rats to experimental allergic conjunctivitis by ovalbumin and investigated the suppression of inflammation. In groups which had started eating antigen both before and after the immunization, the serum anti-ovalbumin IgE level measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction was significantly lower than in a group that had not been fed antigen. The intensity of experimental allergic conjunctivitis in the group which had started eating antigen before immunization, was significantly suppressed in regard to the leakage of Evans Blue from conjunctival vessels 30 minutes after the challenge and the neutrophil infiltration 6 hours after. The dye leakage of the group which had started feeding after immunization was also significantly suppressed. There was a positive correlation between the serum IgE level and the leakage of Evans Blue (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). These results suggest that the suppression of antigen-specific IgE antibody production caused by oral tolerance affected the decrease of local inflammation on the conjunctiva.
A patient with a steroid-resistant conjunctival nodule developed severe necrotizing granulomatous conjunctivitis during aggressive treatment with topical, subconjunctival, and systemic steroids. Culture of the tissue yielded Coccidioides immitis. A cavitary lesion was noted on a chest radiograph, and the same organism was recovered from a lung biopsy specimen. The granulomatous conjunctivitis was controlled only after aggressive debridement of the affected area and months of treatment with topical amphotericin B and oral fluconazole. A review of the literature suggests that subclinical ocular involvement from pulmonary coccidioidomycosis may be more common than generally believed. Conditions that blunt the host immune response may lead to a higher incidence of clinically significant ocular involvement.
Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a syndrome found frequently as a complication of contact lenses. Many variables can affect the onset and severity of the presenting signs and symptoms. Rigid gas permeable contact lenses appear to result in less severe signs and symptoms, with a longer time before the development of giant papillary conjunctivitis. Nonionic, low-water-content soft contact lenses tend to produce less severe signs and symptoms than ionic, low-water-content soft contact lenses. Enzymatic treatment appears to lessen the severity of signs and symptoms. The association of an allergy appears to play a role in the onset of the severity of the signs and symptoms but does not appear to affect the final ability of the individual to wear contact lenses. Using multiple treatment options, such as changing the polymer to a glyceryl methyl methacrylate or a rigid lens, or utilizing a soft lens on a frequent-replacement basis, can result in a success rate of over 90%. In individuals who still have a return of symptoms, the use of topical mast cell stabilizers or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as an adjunctive therapy offers the added possibility of keeping these patients in contact lenses.
During peak ragweed season, 86 patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis participated in a 9-week, multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled, group-comparative study testing the efficacy and safety of bid nedocromil sodium, 2% ophthalmic solution. The clinical effectiveness of nedocromil sodium was measured by analyzing the means of patient daily symptom scores and eye examinations after 1, 3, 5, and 8 weeks of treatment. The use of nedocromil sodium during peak ragweed pollen season reduced symptom scores with statistically significant treatment differences as compared with the placebo for itchy eyes, tearing, overall eye condition, and symptom summary score. Clinician assessments also favored the use of nedocromil sodium as indicated by significant improvements in tearing, conjunctival injection, and conjunctival edema. No significant side effects were reported by the patients, allergists, or ophthalmologists. We conclude that nedocromil sodium, 2% ophthalmic solution, administered bid is more effective in the relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis than placebo and causes no major side effects.
A man with a 2.5 year history of chronic papillary conjunctivitis was diagnosed as having "floppy eyelid syndrome". This syndrome, first described in 1981, is characterized by loose upper eyelids that evert readily on elevation of the lid, a chronic papillary conjunctivitis and a soft rubbery tarsus. The condition is resistant to any form of medical treatment but responds well to a horizontal lid shortening procedure. The etiology is unknown but the present report suggests that an abnormality of the structure of the orbicularis muscle may play a role.
Four cases of primary meningococcal conjunctivitis in children are reported. This represents an incidence of 2% of patients presenting with conjunctivitis to a paediatric A&E department. All were initially treated with topical chloramphenicol, followed by systemic rifampicin once the diagnosis had been established. No ocular or systemic complications developed, nor recolonisation of the conjunctiva or colonisation of the nasopharynx at follow-up (1-2 years).
We have explored 67 subjects (41 women and 26 men) suffering from conjunctivitis and rhino-conjunctivitis. Prick tests, blood total and specific IgEs and total and specific IgEs and albumin in tears have shown positive prick tests for usual aero-allergens in 78% of the cases, an increase of albumin level in tears in 69% of the cases due to local inflammation and a local synthesis of IgEs in 33% of the cases. In four cases total and specific IgEs in tears were the only positive parameters in agreement with the clinical findings.
Most North American walkingsticks are harmless, but one species, A. buprestoides, can defend itself by spraying an irritating chemical. We present the first reported case in the medical literature of a chemical conjunctivitis caused by the spray of the two-striped walkingstick. The insect has the ability to direct a spray at a predator's eyes, inducing a self-limited conjunctivitis. Keratitis has been reported in a dog, and this may also be a possible complication in humans. Prudence is dictated in handling this insect, and physicians should be aware of the potential for injury to the eyes.
Two siblings, a brother and a sister, with ligneous conjunctivitis and hydrocephalus coursing in parallel were described. Both conditions developed during the first year of life. Surgery for hydrocephalus was carried out in both children and conjunctivitis gradually subsided.
The author has counted 0.85% of conjunctivitis in an unselected allergic population of 2,865. All the causes are explored, microbial, viral, metabolic , ophthalmological, drugs, mechanical, allergic... He describes different forms of conjunctivitis amongst which are those of spring time. The roles of the ophthalmologist and allergist are emphasized for establishment of diagnosis and treatment.
Thirty-two patients (20 males and 12 females, mean age 31 ys) with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis to grass pollen, were selected for this study. Nedocromil sodium 2% ophthalmic solution was given at the dosage of 1 drop four times a day for four weeks during the month of June. On a daily diary card each patient had to report the severity of the symptoms: itchy eyes, lacrimation, red eyes and photophobia, following an arbitrary score from 0 to 3 (0 = no symptom, 1 = mild, 2 = medium, 3 = severe). After four weeks of treatment we observed a statistically significant improvement of the symptoms considered. Patients did not take other medications and did not report any side effects. Nedocromil sodium is therefore a valid alternative in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis to grass pollen.
Twenty seven Chlamydia trachomatis isolates from patients of conjunctivitis were tested for their in vitro sensitivities to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in cyclohexamide treated McCoy cells on cover slip (shell vial) cultures. After a 48 h exposure of chlamydia infected monolayers to varying concentrations of each of the drugs, the cover slips were processed and stained for detection of major out membrane protein of C. trachomatis by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) using fluorescein conjugated monoclonal. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC90) of ciprofloxacin were 2.9 micrograms/ml and 5.7 micrograms/ml and for tetracycline 9.1 micrograms/ml and 18.0 micrograms/ml respectively. Ciprofloxacin may have a more promising role in treating chlamydial conjunctivitis than the commonly used tetracycline.