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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The clinical biochemistry laboratory computer system and result entry: validation of analytical results.

We describe an array of checking routines that can aid laboratory staff in detecting possible errors in results being entered into a laboratory computer. A single result is checked at the worksheet stage for its numeric format and for its numeric status by comparison with appropriate reference ranges, and action and hazard limits. If a previous result exists then the present result can be compared with it (delta checking). Laboratory documentation of abnormal results is important and we describe three types; worksheet, exception report(s) and histograms of results. The clinical reports leaving the laboratory should flag abnormal results so that the clinician is prompted to examine, and question if necessary, results which are extreme or have changed significantly since the last analysis. Effective error detection requires cooperation between the laboratory and clinical units.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1982

Reducing the number of missing doses with the aid of a computer system.

Missing or extra medications in the unit dose drug distribution system have resulted in lost financial charges. At Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, the reasons why drugs were returned or missing in the unit dose system were not properly explained nor properly recorded. Enhanced programs in the computerized pharmacy management system were developed to include a mechanism for recording reasons why doses were missing and a method of documenting extra doses dispensed to the patient, while capturing current costs for these drugs. The system permits simple data entry which allows uninterrupted processing. The reports generated by the system are used to inform physicians of dosage problems of patients and to act as an educational aid in correcting a source of medication errors. The computerized reporting system has helped to reduce the number of missing medication doses by 36.8% and to improve pharmacy inventory control.

Computers↗
PubMed2000

Computer decision support systems.

Computer decision support systems are computer applications designed to aid clinicians in making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in patient care. They can simplify access to data needed to make decisions, provide reminders and prompts at the time of a patient encounter, assist in establishing a diagnosis and in entering appropriate orders, and alert clinicians when new patterns in patient data are recognized. Decision support systems that present patient-specific recommendations in a form that can save clinicians time have been shown to be highly effective, sustainable tools for changing clinician behavior. Designing and implementing such systems is challenging because of the computing infrastructure required, the need for patient data in a machine-processible form, and the changes to existing workflow that may result. Despite these difficulties, there is substantial evidence from trials in a wide range of clinical settings that computer decision support systems help clinicians do a better job caring for patients. As computer-based records and order-entry systems become more common, automated decision support systems will be used more broadly.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1999

On-line computer system to minimize laser injuries during surgery: preliminary system layout and proposal of the key features.

The aim of this paper is to investigate some new user interface ideas and related application packages which aim to improve the degree of safety in an operating room during surgical operations in which an invasive laser beam is deployed. The overall value of the proposition is that a means is provided which ensures the successful completion of the surgical case while minimizing the risk of thermal and mechanical injuries to healthy tissues adjacent to the surgical field. According to surgeons operating with a variety of CO2 lasers available at both the National Cancer Institute in Milan, Italy, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, each laser device presents different cutting and coagulation properties. In order to identify which 'ideal' procedure might corroborate the subjective impression of each surgeon and also to provide one common tool to ensure procedures with a high level of safety, the author has worked for several months with surgeons and technicians of both Institutions to define the general design of a new on-line surgical operation planning and design system to be used during the pre-operative briefing activities and also as a consultation tool during operation. This software package will be developed and tested on both 'C' and FORTRAN compilers running on a commercially available PC which is driving a continuous wave (CW) CO2 laser device via its Instrument Bus interface. The present proposal describes the details of a software package called LCA (Laser-beam Controller and Adviser) which performs several controls in parallel on the key output parameters of a laser beam device during its utilization in delicate surgical operations. The required performances of this device needed during a given surgical operation are pre-simulated and compared against the well-known safety limits, which are stored in the computer's mass storage. If the surgeon's decision about the laser device set-up are considered to be too close to the required physiological safety limits, then the SW alerts the surgeon and proposes alternatives based on other combinations of both HW and SW configurations. An additional application of LCA uses this SW as a warning tool during the operation itself. If a wrong set-up of the laser device is accidentally used, an alarm will be generated and the laser beam automatically switched-off prior to an 'incident report' printout. The operation will continue only when the surgeon validates the choices that the SW suggests for implementation. If necessary, the surgeon can switch off the device and continue to operate it manually. In this case, the surveillance mode will be totally excluded.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1990

Automatic chart reader--an example of computer systems for patients' data interpretation.

A new approach to the processing of circular medical charts based on "odd symmetry digital subtraction" is presented. The technique allows automatic digitisation of these charts using an image processing system based on a flat bed scanner. This approach is simple, fast, and reliable; and provides a system in which the digitised image is processed by a microcomputer to extract and quantify the plotted information. The main features and the potential applications of this approach in medical and nonmedical fields are discussed.

Algorithms↗