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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Automated generation of a World Wide Web-based data entry and check program for medical applications.

The World Wide Web-based form is a promising method for the construction of an on-line data collection system for clinical and epidemiological research. It is, however, laborious to prepare a common gateway interface (CGI) program for each project, which the World Wide Web server needs to handle the submitted data. In medicine, it is even more laborious because the CGI program must check deficits, type, ranges, and logical errors (bad combination of data) of entered data for quality assurance as well as data length and meta-characters of the entered data to enhance the security of the server. We have extended the specification of the hypertext markup language (HTML) form to accommodate information necessary for such data checking and we have developed software named AUTOFORM for this purpose. The software automatically analyzes the extended HTML form and generates the corresponding ordinary HTML form, 'Makefile', and C source of CGI programs. The resultant CGI program checks the entered data through the HTML form, records them in a computer, and returns them to the end-user. AUTOFORM drastically reduces the burden of development of the World Wide Web-based data entry system and allows the CGI programs to be more securely and reliably prepared than had they been written from scratch.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

The biological toolbox: a computer program for simulating basic biological and pathological processes.

The program described here has been written to enable pathologists and biologists with almost no computer experience to design complex models of cell interactions. The program although simulating in only two dimensions allows the user to define the individual rules governing cell behaviour using a language called Cell Description Language, then simulates the multiple interactions between the cells to produce a dynamic visual interpretation representing tissue growth and differentiation. The program has been developed using the World Wide Web, thereby giving access to anyone with an Internet connection. The Web technology allows others to use our powerful computers to perform the complex calculations that are necessary and effectively eliminates the problems of modifying and compiling the program to run on more than one hardware platform. The changes that take place during the simulation are presented as a video using the MPEG video format; they may then be viewed on many different types of computers. The toolbox provides a novel approach to computer-based biological simulations and an excellent resource for teaching.

Biology↗
PubMed1997

Graphical information retrieval by browsing meta-information.

This paper discusses an approach to alleviate the problem in information retrieval of finding the right information. This problem arises in traditional query-based systems when users do not have enough knowledge about the domain or if they do not have an articulate information need. We address this problem by combining information about the documents and about the domain of the documents. This meta-information can then be browsed by the users with a graphical browser. Several navigation aids help the user to find his way. The system contains a representation of the medical domain and records from the Medline literature database. The paper discusses the representation of the meta-information, the browser and the evaluation of the system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Configuring for the World Wide Web: recommendations for dermatologists.

Physicians have become increasingly interested in obtaining the hardware, software, and connection necessary to take advantage of the educational and practice material available on the World Wide Web (WWW) (i.e., on the Internet). The related ongoing development of unique on-line resources promises to provide a compelling force for change in the way in which information is accessed and medicine is practiced. WWW applications created for dermatologists often include high-quality images, and proper viewing is critical to use this information. Because images tend to be large files, and dermatology resources tend to have from several up to hundreds of images, the speed of transfer and display and the quality of the display are important factors to consider. This study was an evaluation of some of the current options in the hardware, software, and Internet connections to determine desirable configurations for accessing image-rich, on-line dermatology WWW applications.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Feasibility of keying data from screen-displayed facsimile images in an ongoing trial: the collaborative ocular melanoma study.

As part of an ongoing clinical trial, we conducted an experiment to assess the feasibility and to determine the reliability of data entry from a computer screen display of images of data collection forms transmitted by facsimile (fax) machines directly into a computer for paper forms designed without consideration of fax or image display requirements. Feasibility was assessed on the basis of accuracy and reliability of data entry and on operator satisfaction. During a 2-week period, half of the forms received at the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) coordinating center were key-entered twice, using the paper forms as the source (paper source entry). The remaining forms were entered once using paper source and were later reentered using the screen display of images of the faxed forms as the source (image source entry). The latter group of forms, or 50% of all forms received, were entered a third time, using the image source entry. Two data entry operators participated in the experiment. Discrepancy rates between and within data entry operators were calculated for both modes of entry. A total of 50,861 keystrokes (28,095 items) across 1122 records were checked for consistency. The overall discrepancy rate associated with double paper source entry was approximately 21 per 10,000 keystrokes (20 per 10,000 items). Discrepancy rates associated with paper source versus image source entry (53 per 10,000 keystrokes [57 per 10,000 items]) and double image source entry (57 per 10,000 keystrokes [47 per 10,000 items]) were similar in magnitude. Image source entry of forms received by facsimile may provide an acceptable alternative to paper entry in ongoing multicenter clinical trials where the costs of converting existing forms and systems to automated data capture may be unacceptable. This experiment confirmed the feasibility of such an alternative and suggested that improved screen displays and changes in equipment to facilitate entry of data from the screen display may enhance accuracy of entries.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perspectives on the application of automated systems to epidemiologic surveillance in Cuba].

A few considerations on the development of the applied automatization of epidemiologic surveillance systems in Cuba are exposed. Reference is made to aspects of the national strategy, to the lines of development of the National Health Systems, to the projections of the subsystems of epidemiologic surveillance, and to the future integrated intercommunication.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Information literacy: a resource for nurses as lifelong learners.

The use of information technologies throughout the world continues to increase rapidly and inexorably. Information exchange is rapidly becoming a major economic commodity. The short half-life of professional and technical knowledge necessitates nursing graduates having generic qualities that will enable them to adapt to technical change and cope with an 'information overabundant environment'. Today's nurses must have the capacity to access information, both physically and intellectually; that is, they must be information-literate. Nurses need to be discerning information consumers in order to acquire knowledge and skills in relation to their jobs and social roles and as participants of a democratic society. This paper examines information literacy as a critical resource for nurses as lifelong learners, and explores how information literacy is situated in the nursing literature. The authors pose two questions. Firstly, just how information-literate and aware of information literacy is the nursing profession? Secondly, how can the attitudes, skills and knowledge associated with information literacy be fostered, cultivated and attained in nursing education?

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

Improved coordinate reconstruction from stereo diagrams.

A program has been written that reconstructs three-dimensional coordinates for a protein structure given a stereo C alpha diagram. Initial three-dimensional coordinates are determined using an algorithm similar to the one used by Rossmann in the program STEREO. Thereafter the coordinates are refined such that the stereo image based on the reconstructed three-dimensional coordinates optimally fits the scanned stereo image while normal C alpha stereochemistry is enforced.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

The World Wide Web as a graphical user interface to program macros for molecular graphics, molecular modeling, and structure-based drug design.

In this article we describe how the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) has been employed to provide access to computational chemistry software and protein structure data via program macros. We show how the combination of Web technology and macros can automate both the running of chemistry software and the execution of complex operations on protein structures. The current version of the system supports the molecular visualization packages GRASP, RASMOL, MOLVIEWER-OGL and INSIGHT95, and the ligand design tool GRID and includes more than 175 in-house protein-ligand complexes. The approach enables inexperienced users to confidently make full use of sophisticated modeling techniques by offering only sensible options, hiding parameter settings, and controlling program invocation and macro execution. Our interface provides both the expert and non-expert alike with powerful tools for protein structure visualization, molecular modeling, and rational drug design.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

The maxillofacial surgeon's guide to the Internet.

The use of computers has become an integral part of a clinician's work. A departmental or home computer linked to a modem allows the maxillofacial surgeon to access the wealth of clinical information and resources of the Internet. This article unravels some of the technology involved and acts as a guide for further exploration.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

Cryptography with DNA binary strands.

Biotechnological methods can be used for cryptography. Here two different cryptographic approaches based on DNA binary strands are shown. The first approach shows how DNA binary strands can be used for steganography, a technique of encryption by information hiding, to provide rapid encryption and decryption. It is shown that DNA steganography based on DNA binary strands is secure under the assumption that an interceptor has the same technological capabilities as sender and receiver of encrypted messages. The second approach shown here is based on steganography and a method of graphical subtraction of binary gel-images. It can be used to constitute a molecular checksum and can be combined with the first approach to support encryption. DNA cryptography might become of practical relevance in the context of labelling organic and inorganic materials with DNA 'barcodes'.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

RNA secondary structure as a reusable interface to biological information resources.

The dissemination of biological information has become critically dependent on the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW), which enable distributed access to information in a platform independent manner. The mode of interaction between biologists and on-line information resources, however, has been mostly limited to simple interface technologies such has hypertext links, tables and forms. The introduction of platform-independent runtime environments facilitates the development of more sophisticated WWW-based user interfaces. Until recently, most such interfaces have been tightly coupled to the underlying computation engines, and not separated as reusable components. We believe that many subdisciplines of biology have intuitive and familiar graphical representations of knowledge that can serve as multipurpose user interface elements. We call such graphical idioms "domain graphics". In order to illustrate the power of such graphics, we have built a reusable interface based on the standard two dimensional (2D) layout of RNA secondary structure. The interface can be used to represent any pre-computed layout of RNA, and takes as a parameters the sets of actions to be performed as a user interacts with the interface. It can provide to any associated application program information about the base, helix, or subsequence selected by the user. We show the versatility of this interface by using it as a special purpose interface to BLAST, Medline and the RNA MFOLD search/compute engines. These demonstrations are available at: http://www-smi.stanford.edu/projects/helix/pubs/ gene-combis-96/

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Accessing and using the Internet's World Wide Web for emergency physicians.

This report describes the use of the internet's World Wide Web (WWW) for emergency physicians. WWW is a graphic means of presenting information over the internet. Because this graphic presentation is derived from a point-and-click method of navigating through information, emergency physicians with little or no computer background should be able to benefit. There are currently many resources available to emergency physicians on the WWW that can be viewed at no charge. It is essentially a worldwide library of information that is growing at a rapid rate. An algorithm is presented to assist emergency physicians in deciding how to best access the WWW, depending on the physician's current resources, and some background information required to gain access to WWW is described.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Creating a home page on the World Wide Web: an inexpensive means to promote medical education and physician recruitment.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is generally used as an information resource. It can also be used as a national and international promotional (advertising) resource, at minimal cost, to assist in physician recruitment, such as for residency training programs. Currently, only a few residency training programs have home page sites describing their programs on the WWW. Creating a WWW site that can be viewed nationally and internationally requires an internet service provider and hypertext markup language (HTML) document that designs the WWW home page site. This article provides a step-by-step method for creating a simple WWW site (including an HTML template) to promote a residency program and assist in resident recruitment. As more young physicians graduate with more extensive computer skills and familiarity, use of the WWW for physician recruitment will become a more important source of information for physician applicants.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An Internet primer for emergency physicians: Part I.

The growth of the popularity of the Internet is nothing short of phenomenal. Increasingly, valuable medical information is becoming available on line for physicians and health consumers alike. Physicians can clearly benefit personally and professionally by obtaining access to the Internet. The purpose of this article is to introduce the Internet to physicians who have limited experience with this new medium. It discusses the concept of the Internet, the necessary computer components and modem for on line connection, and the various types of Internet Service Providers. A glossary is also provided to explain some of the most common terminology used in the Internet culture.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An Internet primer, Part II: Tools of the Internet.

This article reviews several of the key tools and protocols that physicians use to access information on the internet. They include the World Wide Web, electronic mail, newsgroups, Gopher, and file transfer protocol. A general description of these tools, and some tips and nuances in their application, are discussed. This article is the second in a three-part series, "An Internet Primer."

Computer Communication Networks↗