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PubMedDate not supplied

[Postradiation changes in the brain asymmetry and higher mental functions of right- and left-handed subjects (the sequelae of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station)].

The present study was aimed at comparative electrophysiological, clinical, and neurophysiological assessment of the brain functional state in dextrals (50 men) and sinistrals (5 men), who participated in the Chernobyl clean. The patients were observed over the course of 10 years (from 1990 to 1999). The results of examination of healthy persons (20 dextrals and 10 sinistrals) were used as a control. The clinical examination revealed the earlier manifestation and more severe development of paroxysmal and epileptic seizures in sinistrals than in dextrals. Electrophysiological study showed a progressive decrease in interhemispheric asymmetry of the EEG coherence characteristic for a healthy brain to inversion of its sign. These changes were more pronounced in sinistrals. In the remote terms after radiation, the interhemispheric EEG coherence decreased over the whole cortex, especially, in the frontal and central areas in both groups of patients. Neurophysiological study revealed a progressive impairment of voluntary motor activity and tactile sensibility, especially, in the left hand. These defects were more expressed in sinistrals than in dextrals. The results of complex and longitudinal examination suggest that the observed changes in brain asymmetry and interhemispheric interaction can be not only a result of a dysfunction of subcortical limbic-reticular and mediobasal brain structures but also a result of the white matter damage including corpus callosum. More expressed impairments in sinistrals than in dextrals can be explained by specific morphofunctional organization of the brain in persons with different sensor and motor asymmetries.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Autoimmune disorders in liqvidators 11 years after the Chernobyl accident].

We studied long-lasting consequences of the low-doses irradiation on the immune system of 71 clean-up workers who participated in the emergency work after the Chernobyl Plant accident in 1986 and 25 healthy donors from Belarus. In sera of the workers the level of autoantibodies to thyroid gland antigens (thyroglobulin and microsomal fraction of thyroid gland) was increased in 48% of cases, the level of autoantibodies to lens oculis antigen was increased in 44% of cases; the level of circulating immune complexes was elevated in 55%, and the serum level of thyroglobulin in 60% of people. Immunological disorders were found without any definite clinical evidences of diseases and this allows us to consider the examined contingent as a group of risk for the development of autoimmune pathology in the future.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modeling of different types of size-effect in accumulation of 137Cs in fish from the cooling pond of the Chernobyl Power Plant].

All known types of size-effect in accumulation of radiocesium in fish are described on the basis of the dynamic model of distribution and migration of the radionuclide in aquatic ecosystem. The time-dependent activity of 137Cs in different age classes of carp and pike-perch from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Pond is calculated. It is shown that during the first year after the accident the activity of 137Cs in the young generations of fish was higher (negative size-effect) owing to higher feeding rate of young fish. During the following years the increase of activity in the older fish generations takes place (positive size-effect). It is shown that size-dependence is more clear for the predatory species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiation-induced changes in the genome of pine seeds, forming under conditions of chronic irradiation in the Chernobyl exclusion zone].

Comparative study of long-term existing genome damages in the chronically irradiated pine seeds from different parts of Chernobyl zone have been performed by a pulsed field gel electrophoresis and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Some differences were established for DNA degradation kinetic from protoplasts with various accumulated doses of irradiation. Results obtained could testify the existence of long-living changes in the experimental plants genome.

DNA Damage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytogenetic and population effects in oligochaeta from the Chernobyl zone].

Research on intensity and character of reproduction of Oligochaeta (Dero obtusa, Nais pseudobtusa and Nais pardalis) was carried out in 1995-1996 in two water-bodies: a) in the Chernobyl NPP zone near Yanov Village, with a dose rate of 14 microGy h-1 on the surface of the bottom sediment; b) at the Uzh River area (the control water-body). The changes in both intensity and reproduction type were observed in worms at the radioactively polluted water-body. Stimulation of paratomic division in D. obtusa as well as activation of sexual reproduction in two other species were found out along with increasing of amount of cytogenetic damages in somatic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Nonrespiratory lung functions in children who have undergone the chronic effect of ionizing radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

With the purpose of assessing the condition of nonrespiratory functions of the lungs in those children having been under chronic exposure to ionizing irradiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident in the time-related course of the post-accident period, an examination was done of 964 children free from clinically manifest pathology of the respiratory organs aged 5 to 14 years, residing in the zones of radiation control. Noted in the above children over the post-accident period are changes in indices for non-respiratory functions of the lungs suggesting diminution of respiratory moisture oozing, disordered production of pulmonary surfactant, with intensity of free-radical processes being rather high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[The clinico-pathogenetic characteristics of neurosis-like states in the participants in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

A clinical and paraclinical examination was done in 120 individuals with neurosis-like disorders, who had taken part in the elimination of the aftermath of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant breakdown. A complex of etiological factors in the disorder has been identified. The most important syndrome was cerebral asthenia associated with depressive disorders and apparent vegetovascular dysfunction. Cerebral influences were implicated in the origination and development of neurosis-like disorders, with functional inadequacies having been disclosed in the patients' bodily catecholamine and immune systems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the pre- and leukemic stages of chronic myeloproliferative diseases in persons suffering as a result of the Chernobyl catastrophe].

Clinical, morphological and cytogenetic investigations were done in those patients with leukocytosis having become victims of the Chernobyl catastrophe. Of these (n = 10), six patients demonstrated chromosomal abnormalities. In the study made at a later date in six patients with cytogenetic abnormalities, five patients were found to have chronic myeloproliferative disorders, with four cases presenting with chronic myeloid leukemia and one patient having osteomyelofibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of the influence of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster on incidence of thyroid diseases among children in Poland. Preliminary results].

It was attempted to assess the incidence of thyroid diseases in Polish children born between 1980-1986, who at the time of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster were 0-6 years old, or whose mothers were in the third trimester of pregnancy. 3071 children have been examined, 1772 girls and 1299 boys. The following were assessed in each child: the health status, the developmental level, the thyroid ultrasound examination, and the level of TSH, FT4, antithyroid antibodies ATM and ATGL in the blood serum. Disorders in thyroid morphology (abnormal echogenicity) have been found in 462 children (15%), almost twice as much in girls than in boys. Goiter has been recognized in 4.6% of all children, an abnormal echogenity in 5.4% and focal changes in 4.8%. 3.9% of children have been found to have a high level of ATM antibodies, and 8.7%--a high level of ATGL antibodies. Among 6 children, who had thyroidectomy, 2 children have been diagnosed to have ca papillary and 4 children--adenoma.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The adaptive potentials of those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station under the influence of different treatment methods].

A comprehensive evaluation was done in 162 patients-liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. Of these, 80 percent were diagnosed as having stage I and II dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE), 20 percent were in stage III. It is shown that DE progression is caused by great strain on and breakdown of autoregulatory mechanisms of different biological systems (vascular, central nervous and vegetative, hormonal), and of central regulatory mechanisms as well. Under certain conditions there may occur their breakdown, with syncopal states, crises, and even insults developing in its wake. Treatment and rehabilitation of DE liquidators with pyracetam, vinpocetine, cerebrolysine with magne B6, and phytosorbents (spirulina, quercitrol, and vitapectine) lead to reconditioning of central and autoregulatory compensatory-and-adaptive mechanisms, long-lasting remission, provide complication prophylaxis and promote work activity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

[Value of prophylactic investigation of thoracic organs in victims of the Chernobyl power plant disaster].

Relatively low morbidity of tuberculosis of the lung (2 per 1,500) and comparatively high morbidity of ling cancer were reported in 1995-1997 among the liquidators of Chernobyl nuclear power station disaster. Risk of malignant disease involved in X-ray check-ups of the chest has been identified. Low diagnostic value of photoroentgenography for lung tumors has been reported.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Psychological detection and correction in rehabilitation of individuals who liquidated Chernobyl power accident consequences].

80% of individuals who liquidated Chernobyl power accident consequences demonstrated disorders of higher psychic functions with corresponding complaints. The disorders represent mainly syndromes of diencephalic and fronto-diencephalic structures dysfunction. Emotional and personality characteristics of the liquidators receiving stationary treatment are higher anxiety and lower subjective control. The revealed features helped to justify psychologic rehabilitation system effective in 90% of cases.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Program for the thorough complex examination of individuals who liquidated the Chernobyl power accident consequences].

A program for thorough complex examination of individuals who liquidated Chernobyl power accident consequences provides objective diagnostic information and early diagnosis of both general and oncologic diseases. The program covers examination in regional Medical Centers giving highly qualified medical care for the liquidators. Regional and county hospitals can participate in the program, concerning also individuals exposed to radiation during other radiation accidents.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The relationship between the condition of the brain stem compartments of the acoustic analyzer and rheoencephalography in people who participated in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl' nuclear plant disaster].

Pure-tone and speech threshold and suprathreshold audiometry, short-latent acoustic evoked potentials (SLAEP) and rheoencephalography (REG) were applied in examination of 67 patients with neurosensory hypoacusis (NSH) aged 21 to 45 years. These patients worked as wreckers in the zone contaminated with radionuclides 5 years and later after the Chernobyl accident. Relationships between functional condition of the truncal structures of the acoustic analyser and cerebral hemodynamics were studied. Correlation analysis has shown that there is close correlation between SLAEP and REG, especially in the vertebrobasillar area of cerebral circulation. The closest relations existed between the duration of the latent period of SLAEP wave V, interpeak interval I-V and rheographic index in the vertebrobasillar system. Combination of SLAEP and REG potentialities opens wide prospects for revelation of the key pathogenetic links for disorders of the acoustic system of unconventional origin, improves quality of these disorders diagnosis, promotes individual approach to therapy of such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The results of cytogenetic survey in liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear accident].

The article represents results of long cytogenetic survey among liquidators of Chernobyl accident. The parameters studied are frequency of unstable chromosomal aberrations and frequency of symmetrical translocations. The authors show that, in spite of long term after irradiation, average frequency of cells with dicentrics and centric fusions (unstable chromosomal aberrations) remains relatively high. Discussion includes possible use of cytogenetic methods in reconstruction of absorbed radiation doses in many years after exposure.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of external dose to inhabitants evacuated from the 30-km zone soon after the Chernobyl accident.

According to reports by the former USSR government, IAEA and WHO, no case of acute radiation effects was recognized among inhabitants who were evacuated from the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl site soon after the accident on April 26, 1986. Along with the collapse of the USSR, however, several documents appeared that report the occurrence of acute radiation effects among inhabitants. In order to check the possibility of acute radiation effects among evacuees, we evaluated the external dose of evacuees until their evacuation based on the data about the radiation situation soon after the accident. Our estimates indicate that a substantial number of inhabitants in some villages could have received more than 0.5 Sv that is recognized by ICRP and UNSCEAR as a threshold dose for a clinically significant depression of the blood-forming function of bone marrow. Some of them could have received more than 1 Sv.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radio-ecological and hygienic assessment of consequences of forest fires in the areas polluted during the Chernobyl accident].

Retransfer of radionuclides on the condensation trails of Chernobyl radioactive fallouts during forest fires has been experimentally evaluated and their mathematical transfer model verified. It has been shown that radionuclide retransfer will make no great impact on additional pollution of an area even under the most unfavourable conditions. The contribution of convective and non-convective components of transfer to the formation of a radioactive aerosol concentration field has been assessed. Time course of changes in the concentration of radioactive aerosol and its dispersive composition are shown in different phases of fire and at different distance from its source.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiation-population monitoring of Pinus sylvestris L. in the zone of the Chernobyl power plant].

Cytogenetic and genetic effects in populations of Pinus sylvestris L. suffered wiak, average, strong and sublethal radiation damage after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 were studied. The absorbed dozes for trees in these plantings were from 0.1 up to 20 Gy. It was shown that the amount of cells with chromosome aberrations in sprouts of seeds of a crop of 1993, are comparable with effects marked at once after accident in 1986. In 1997 and in 1998 the amount of cells with chromosome aberrations in sprouts of seeds in majority inspected plantings decreased to control values. The effect of adaptation was detected, when seeds of Pinus sylvestris L., gathered in 1997 from inspected trees, were exposed to additional 4 Gy gamma-radiation.

Chromosome Aberrations↗