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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Effects of isoprenaline and cooling on histamine induced changes of capillary permeability in the rat hindquarter vascular bed.

Histamine infused intra-arterially into artificially perfused, maximally dilated rat hindquarters markedly increased fluid filtration and CFC but had essentially no effect on the diffusion capacity to small molecules. Isoprenaline largely prevented the increase in fluid filtration and CFC if infused prior to the start of the histamine infusion and, if infused after the start of the histamine infusion, promptly reduced fluid filtration and CFC to near control levels. Additionally, it was noted that severe cooling of the perfusate also largely prevented the marked increase in fluid filtration and CFC by histamine. This antagonism of histamine induced increases in macromolecular permeability represents a direct action of isoprenaline on the microvascular membrane which effectively counteracts that of histamine. The data also suggest that the large pores created by histamine are different from the large pore through which macromolecules normally transverse the microvascular membrane, and that catecholamines may exert a regulatory function in the control of microvascular permeability to macromolecules in pathophysiological states associated with massive histamine release.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Extra cellular water and increase in capillary permeability to albumin in overweight women with swelling syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate extracellular water (ECW) in the recumbent and the upright position, in overweight and lean women with swelling syndrome, and to correlate the excess in ECW with an increase in capillary filtration of albumin (CFA). PATIENTS: Fifty-one women with a swelling syndrome were investigated, 26 of whom were overweight. MEASUREMENTS: ECW was measured by the bioelectrical impedance method, in the recumbent position and again after a postural test which consisted of walking around for 30 min. CFA was studied by an isotopic test using 99m technetium-labelled albumin. RESULTS: ECW increased (>107% of the theoretical value) in 22 of the 26 overweight patients and 23 of the 25 lean patients. The CFA isotopic test was abnormal in half (11/22) of the overweight patients with increased ECW and in three of the four overweight patients with a normal ECW value. It was abnormal in 18 of the 23 lean patients with increased ECW and in the two lean patients with a normal ECW value. During the postural test, a significant (by> or =4%) increase in ECW occurred in a higher proportion of overweight patients tested (14/22) than among the lean women tested (0/5; P=0. 04). CONCLUSIONS: The swelling syndrome is indeed related to an increase in ECW in lean and overweight subjects and to a further increase in ECW after a postural test only in the overweight patients. It is also associated with microcirculatory disorders in most of the lean patients who complain of swelling and in only half of the overweight patients with the same complaints, which suggests that other factors (e.g. hormonal disorders) may be involved in the overweight patients. International Journal of Obesity (2000)24, 126-130

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Endothelin-1 myocardial clearance, production, and effect on capillary permeability in vivo.

Myocardial metabolism of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its effect on coronary microcirculatory exchanges were obtained in anesthetized dogs by combining the indicator-dilution technique with immunoreactive ET-1 measurements. The myocardium extracted 17.7 +/- 4.6% of tracer ET-1 (n = 12). Simultaneously measured ET-1 levels in the aorta (0.97 +/- 0.46 pg/ml) and coronary sinus (0.96 +/- 0.53 pg/ml) were not different, supporting a production of ET-1 by the heart that balances the amount extracted. Intracoronary infusion of ET-1 (5 ng.kg-1.min-1) increased coronary sinus ET-1 levels approximately 50-fold, decreased coronary blood flow per unit of interstitial space by approximately 30% (P = 0.006), and increased myocardial microcirculatory transit times (n = 6). Permeability to albumin was unaffected by ET-1, whereas the permeability-surface area product for sucrose decreased following derecruitment of myocardial capillaries. We conclude that there is a normal myocardial metabolic balance of ET-1 and that the heart marginally contributes to circulating ET-1. Pharmacological doses of ET-1 may adversely affect myocardial metabolism by reducing blood flow and the permeability-surface area product for small circulating substances.

Animals↗