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PubMed1952

Calcaneus.

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Calcaneus↗
PubMed1992

[Intra-articular calcaneus fracture. Classification in CT as a prerequisite for therapeutic decision and quantitative comparison].

Whether conservative or operative management is selected for intra-articular fractures of the os calcis depends on subjective factors and on the surgeon's experience. There is no classification available that allows ranking of such fractures according to the extent of destruction and the degree of dislocation at the same time. CT scans of 44 calcaneal fractures have been used to elaborate a new classification system for calcaneal surfaces. According to the involvement of joint surfaces, especially of the posterior facet, the degree of dislocation and the number of fragments of the posterior facet, six classes are defined. Within each class of fracture, the formation of "steps" in the posterior facet, widening of the heel, loss of height and deviation of axes are quantified. The new classification provides an instrument for use in the evaluation of joint destruction and dislocation. It helps to provide an objective basis for decisions between functional treatment and open reduction with internal fixation and for prospective analysis of fracture treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Correlation of osteoporosis screening by quantitative ultrasound of calcaneus and Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians in Taiwanese.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) index, originally developed for use in postmenopausal Asian populations, is an inexpensive, simple tool based on age and body weight. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is another simple and low-cost instrument used to prescreen osteoporotic subjects. This study investigated the correlation between these 2 screening methods. METHODS: OSTA indices were calculated in a total of 3,456 women aged 40 to 95 years (mean, 59.5 +/- 11.7 years) selected from a national epidemiological survey of calcaneal QUS in Taiwan. Age was multiplied by -0.2 and body weight by 0.2. Both values were truncated to yield integers, which were then added together, and compared to the QUS results. RESULTS: When the risk category was defined as OSTA index < or = -1, and low QUS value as t-score < or = -2.5, the sensitivity and the specificity of the index were 84.0% and 61.0%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.81. According to the OSTA research group's classification, the high-risk subgroup (index < -4) represented 10.7% of the women 40 years or older, the intermediate-risk subgroup (index -1 to -4) 35.0%, and the low-risk subgroup (index > -1) 54.3%. The prevalence of low QUS values was high among the high-risk category (48.5%), and significantly trended downwards among the moderate- and low-risk categories (21.1% vs 4.4%). As the age of the population increased, there was an increasing false-negative rate (p < 0.001) when using OSTA > -1 to predict the normal QUS value. CONCLUSIONS: The OSTA index, a simple and free risk assessment tool, can be used to estimate the prevalence of low QUS values in Asian women and may help to increase awareness and prevention of low bone mineral density.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Böhler's and Gissane's angles of the calcaneus in the Saudi population.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to measure Böhler s angle (BA) and Gissane s angle (GA) in the Saudi population and compare their values to the published data. METHODS: Lateral plain radiographs of 229 normal feet and ankles of 158 females and 71 males, with age range of 15-72 years, were studied retrospectively at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2002 and 2003. Böhler's angle and GA were measured and the mean and standard deviation of each angle were calculated. The relationship between each angle and age, gender, and side of body was tested, and compared to international figures. RESULTS: The mean BA in the Saudi population was 31.21 degree with a range of 16-47 degree. The mean GA was 116.16 degree with a range of 96-152 degrees. Böhler's angle and GA are not significantly related to age, gender, or side of body. Moreover, the range of both angles was wider than that reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: The study shows the difference between the Saudi and various other populations in regard to BA and GA, and reinforces the need to establish the normal ranges of BA and GA in a given population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The long-term behavior of homologous bone transplants in reconstruction of single chamber calcaneus cysts. Conventional and computerized tomography results].

Treatment of four unicameral calcaneal bone cysts by operative packing with homologous trabecular bone grafts was evaluated by conventional radiography and CT after a mean follow-up time of 51 months (range 48-57 months). Data on graft incorporation and remodelling are presented. In all cases trabecular bone showing an orderly arrangement was found to have developed in the cyst space. Homogeneous areas were present in 2 instances. These coincided with the neutral triangle, i.e. a zone in which stresses are physiologically low. Graft incorporation and remodelling followed Wolff's laws of bone transformation and can be regarded as complete before month 27. The final bone pattern is definitely established before month 50. Conventional radiography is sufficient for routinely evaluating the healing pattern. CT should be reserved for research purposes. Impaction of trabecular bone chips may be dispensable. Tight packing without impaction would at least help to save bone graft material. The use of homologous trabecular bone subjected to special pretreatment was found to be unproblematic. It minimizes surgery-related stresses and reduces the operating time.

Adolescent↗