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PubMed1989

[Ventilatory function and allergic skin tests in cotton mill workers].

Ventilatory capacity, chronic respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases as well as intradermal skin tests were registered in a group of 112 cotton workers. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases was higher among the exposed than among control workers although the differences were statistically significant only for chronic cough, nasal catarrh and byssinosis in women and for chronic cough, chronic phlegm and byssinosis in men. A similar prevalence of byssinosis was noted in women (29.4%) and in men (29.5%). Among textile workers mostly byssinosis grade 1/2 was found (women 22.1%, men 20.5%). There were statistically significant acute reductions over work shift for forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1). In men the values were somewhat lower than the expected normal values. A very small number of workers demonstrated positive intradermal skin tests to cotton allergen (exposed 8.2%, control 1.8%). Our data indicate that exposure to cotton dust may lead to the development of respiratory symptoms and diseases as well as to acute changes in ventilatory capacity but without an allergic reaction.

Dust↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The efficiency of the Cytobrush versus the cotton swab in the collection of endocervical cells in cervical smears.

In 30 patients whose last cervical smear had lacked endocervical cells, two new samples were collected, one with a cotton-tipped applicator and the other with the recently developed Cytobrush cervical brush. With the cotton swab, no endocervical cells were present in the repeat smears of 21 patients, as compared with only 3 Cytobrush smears lacking endocervical cells; the difference is statistically significant (P less than .001). Quantitatively, the cellular yield with the Cytobrush was larger. It is concluded that the use of the cervical brush to collect material for cervical smears is more effective and provides a higher yield of cells than the use of the conventional cotton swab. The importance of the presence of endocervical cells in a smear as evidence that the transformation zone has been properly sampled is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[A case of foreign body granuloma caused by cotton pledgets that remained during intracranial operation].

A case of intracranial foreign body granuloma is reported which was caused by cotton pledgets after total removal of meningioma. A 46 year-old woman was admitted on July 10, 1982, complaining of generalized convulsive seizures. CT and cerebral angiography revealed a left falx meningioma. The meningioma was totally removed under the left frontoparietal osteoplastic craniotomy. Microscopical findings were meningotheliomatous meningioma without malignancy. Despite the total removal, she developed two attacks of convulsion. Cerebral CT revealed a slightly high density mass with contrast-enhancement where the meningioma had been removed. Re-operation was performed on July 16, 1983. There was a granuloma with cotton fibers surrounded by yellow capsule without residual or recurrent meningioma. Only two cases have ever been reported in the literature so far reviewed. The differential diagnosis of foreign body granuloma is discussed and it is stressed to pay attention not to leave cotton pledgets during operations.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative evaluation of the functional state of the respiratory system in workers exposed to asbestos and cotton dust].

63 spinners exposed to cotton dust and 75 spinners exposed to asbestos dust were examined. In the women working in asbestos spinning room chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases prevalence was found to amount to 30% and in the cotton exposed group it was 15%. Mean values of lungs' vital capacity remained within the due values, although they were statistically significantly lower in asbestos exposed spinners (p less than 0,001). On the other hand, the percentage ratio of the forced expiratory capacity of 1 second was statistically significantly lower (0,001 less than p less than 0,01) in those exposed to cotton dust. The authors point to the occurrence of functional disturbances of the respiratory tract prior to radiological symptoms of lung asbestosis and their correlation with clinical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The respiratory effects of cotton dust.

It is apparent that occupational exposure to cotton dust, and in vivo exposure to its components, may result in a number of cellular and humoral events. These include specific antibody formation, mediator release, complement activation, endotoxin effects, and related phenomena. The role of these, either singly or in combination, in the pathogenesis of cotton dust-induced lung disease awaits elucidation. Provocative inhalation challenge studies, using well-characterized standard cotton dusts with careful monitoring of physiologic effects, and in vitro assays will provide answers to some of these questions. Development of a suitable animal model would prove to be invaluable for studying the etiology of the disease and might permit evaluation of the relationship of the acute disease to any chronic effects. It is likely that several pathogenetic mechanisms may be found to be operative and that other, as yet untested, effects such as activation of arachidonic acid metabolism may play an important role in the development of this disease.

Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of cotton-tipped applicators for obtaining cells from the uterine cervix for Papanicolaou smears.

A study was made of the efficacy of two techniques for the preparation of Papanicolaou smears. In one technique ("swab-spatula technique"), a scraping of the endocervix with a saline-moistened cotton-tipped applicator was combined with a scraping of the ectocervix with a plastic spatula. In the second technique ("swab technique"), the endocervix and ectocervix were scraped with only a saline-moistened cotton-tipped applicator. The swab technique produced more inadequate smears with a scanty cellular yield (24/408 = 6%) than did the swab-spatula technique (9/361 = 3%). The swab technique also produced higher false-negative rates (60% for CIN I, 42% for CIN II, 16% for CIN III, 20% for invasive cancer, and 32% overall) as compared with those of the swab-spatula technique (27% for CIN I, 29% for CIN II, 14% for CIN III, 0% for invasive cancer and 18% overall). Because of the higher rates of inadequate samples and false negativity in smears prepared by cotton-tipped applicators alone, it is recommended that the spatula not be omitted in taking cervical samples for the preparation of Papanicolaou smears for the detection of dysplasia or cancer. This study also reflects a poor performance of a cervical cancer detection system in the setting of a major medical school and suggests the need for instruction and periodic evaluation of the performance of the staff taking the smears. This study also substantiates doubt on the value of a second recent smear as a follow-up procedure for cervical dysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Hemodynamic response to cotton allergen exposure in the industrial environment].

The methods of functional diagnosis (mechanocardiography, rheoencephalography) were used to examine the responses of the central and craniocerebral hemodynamics to inhalations of specific cotton allergens in female workers of a textile factory with different grades of sensitization. It was discovered that both the initial level and response pattern on the part of the cardiovascular system and craniocerebral circulation depend to a certain measure on the level of background reactivity. The data obtained enable prognosing the status of the cardiovascular system and taking measures aimed at its correction in subjects sensitized to cotton dust, who continue working in cotton industry.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Intraocular response to cotton, collagen and cellulose in the rabbit.

Cotton, cellulose and collagen were each implanted into the anterior chamber and anterior vitreous of rabbit eyes. The ocular inflammatory response was studied clinically over a 28-day period and histologically at seven and 28 days. In general, cotton was the least reactive, with collagen and cellulose moderately reactive. Cellulose was associated with progressive inflammation and marked granulomatous response. Vitreous implants showed minimal inflammation, with virtually no response to cotton. These findings support current literature suggesting that the use of cellulose in ophthalmic surgery may increase the risk of postoperative granulomatous inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pineal indoleamine metabolism in the cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus: studies on norepinephrine, serotonin, N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin.

The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, melatonin and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in the cotton rat pineal gland in relationship to environmental lighting. In each of two experiments cotton rats were collected from the wild and housed indoors in a 14:10 light:dark (LD) cycle (lights on at 0600) for a period of at least two weeks. Pineal glands were removed from animals in groups of eight at 0800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, 0200 and 0400 hours over a 24 hour period for each experiment. Collection was done under a dim red light during the nighttime hours. In the first experiment pineal melatonin production showed a striking circadian rhythm with nighttime levels 20 times greater than that of daytime levels. In the second experiment pineal NE, serotonin and NAT activity were measured in aliquots from the same gland. NE showed no circadian rhythm whereas serotonin values were significantly depressed at night. The nighttime NAT activity rose to 10 times that of the daytime level. The NAT peak was concurrent with the melatonin peak. These data indicate that the neural and the biochemical control of the cotton rat pineal may be similar to that of other mammalian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Occupational lung diseases in Swiss cotton industry].

Classical byssinosis is hardly ever observed in Switzerland. The clinical picture of the other diseases of the lung occurring in the cotton industry is heterogeneous. In the present study the pathogenesis is considered allergic in the majority of the cases. Five typical, extensively investigated cases are presented. In provocation tests immediate asthmatic reactions were induced in the three patients who had positive immediate wheal-and-flare response to skin tests with an extract of cotton industry dust. Skin tests to common inhalants were negative. In addition, one patient showing a higher titer of precipitating antibodies against the cotton dust extract developed a 'dual' asthmatic reaction, with recurrent airway obstruction 6-7 h later, which was only partly reversible by beta 2-stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Nasal allergy in spinning mill workers and the possibility of allergenicity of chemical fibers and cotton linters.

During a three-year period from 1976, we examined fifty eight patients with nasal allergy who worked in spinning mills or handled sewing machines. Skin tests and procative nasal tests were performed on these patients with crude and fractionated extracts from cotton linters, cotton cloth and chemical fibers. The crude aqueous antigens were extracted in dextro-phenol solution and fractionated by Saphadex G-100. It was possible that the cotton and chemical fibers included components which were the cause of hypersensitivity, but there is still doubts concerning their reaction as irritant substances. Serum specific IgE antibody was found in extracts from chemical fiber. Therefore, spinning mill dust acts as an irritant of the nose add the possibility of antigenicity of the dust for immediate type nasal allergies can not be denied from the present study.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1995

Natural occurrence and characterization of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) from Georgia and Florida.

This is the first report of natural infection by Borrelia burgdorferi in the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus. Nine B. burgdorferi isolates were obtained from ear tissues, urinary bladders, or both, by culturing tissues in BSKII medium. The rat from which the SI-3 isolate was cultured was from the same site (Sapelo Island, Georgia) as an infected cotton mouse Peromyscus gossypinus and Ixodes scapularis tick reported previously. The 8 B. burgdorferi isolates from rats in Florida included 1 (AI-1) from Amelia Island, 1 (FD-1) from Faver-Dykes State Park, and 6 (MI-3 through MI-8) from Merritt Island. The distance between Sapelo Island and Merritt Island is approximately 400 km. All B. burgdorferi isolates were characterized by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to OspA (H3TS, H5332) and OspB (H5TS, H6831), polymerase chain reaction detection of specific B. burgdorferi B-31 DNA target sequences (ospA, fla, and a random chromosomal sequence), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of spirochetal proteins. The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the isolates are discussed, as well as the probable importance of the cotton rat as a reservoir for B. burgdorferi in the southern United States.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of hemp and cotton fiber implants in muscle rat tissue. Study of the inflammatory response.

Hemp fiber is obtained from the plant Musa textilis. The cost of preparation of its raw fibers is low. The purpose of this paper was to compare the inflammatory response in the rat muscle tissue originated by both hemp and cotton fibers. Both types of fibers, were implanted in gluteal muscles of Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed at 15, 30 and 60 postoperative days. Muscle tissue sections were stained with hematoxilyneosin. The inflammatory response was measured by subtracting the suture surface area from the total granulomatous area. At 15 days, the inflammatory response was more conspicuous for hemp than for cotton fiber (P < 0.05). At 30 and 60 days, responses were similar (P > 0.05). We cannot conclude that the hemp fiber is superior to cotton, nevertheless, they behave the same. Therefore, hemp constitutes an alternative as suture material.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nucleotide sequence of internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rDNA for the ribosomal operon from alfalfa Medicago sativa and cotton Gossypium hirsutum L].

The 708- and 769-bp fragments from alfalfa and cotton containing the 3'-end of the 18S gene, the internal transcribed spacer. 1 (ITS1) the 5.8S gene, ITS2, and the 5'-end of the 28S gene were obtained using primers to the 18S and 28S ends of rDNA from tomato by a polymerase chain reaction. These sequences were cloned into pTZ19R. The 5.8S rDNA, ITS1 and ITS2 nucleotide sequences of alfalfa and cotton were determined. Comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of alfalfa and cotton showed large hypervariability of spacer regions and conservatism of 5.8S rDNA sequence.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Genetic epidemiology of colon cancer in the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus).

Colon cancer is known to be heritable in humans, but the opportunity to investigate the genetic epidemiology of cancer in nonhuman primates has been limited by the size of available populations. The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) colony at the Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Marmoset Research Center is a large population with a high rate of spontaneous colon cancer that has been monitored over several years, thus allowing investigation of the genetic basis for colon cancer in this colony. The presence of colon cancer at death was scored in 392 necropsies at the colony. Genealogical and demographic data for these animals were obtained from colony records. The heritability of the liability to colon cancer was estimated using maximum-likelihood-based pedigree analyses after evaluating the effects of gender, origin (wild-born or laboratory-born), and age at death on cancer experience. Cancer rates were not significantly different between males and females or between wild- and laboratory-born animals. Differences in age at death were also statistically insignificant for both laboratory- and wild-born animals. The heritability estimate for the liability to contract colon cancer is 17% for the ORAU cotton-top tamarins. This heritability estimate is not significantly different from zero, indicating no evidence for heritable variation in cancer experience in this population. If genetic factors affect cotton-top tamarin colon cancer, they are fixed or nearly fixed in this population.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Use of cotton-tipped applicators during skin examination and dermatologic surgery.

The cotton-tipped applicator is a widely available and versatile tool for the dermatologist. In addition to the common uses of this inexpensive tool there are many other ways for the dermatologist to use cotton-tipped applicators. From its usefulness in dermatologic examination and potassium hydroxide preparations to its multiple surgical applications, the cotton-tipped applicator is a valuable and underrated tool.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Endocervical detection of CIN. Cytobrush versus cotton.

Correct methods of sampling are essential for obtaining adequate smears for cytological diagnosis of cervicovaginal abnormalities. In this paper we report on 3 methods of sampling, Ayre spatula, cotton swab and cytobrush on 89 patients who underwent repeat smear and colposcopic examinations because of abnormal screening smears. The cytobrush device was better than Ayre spatula or cotton in collecting both endocervical and neoplastic cells. However, the combination of spatula and cotton was almost the same as spatula and cytobrush in recovering neoplastic cells. Therefore the rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnosis is more influenced by an adequate sampling of the endocervix than by the type of endocervical device.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Pulmonary sarcoidosis presenting with many cotton-like unilateral shadows].

A 22-year-old woman came to our hospital for a thorough examination of nodular lesions fund in the right lung field on a chest roentgenogram. A CT scan revealed typical cotton-like infiltrates: fluffy margins and granular interiors. Pulmonary sarcoidosis was diagnosed from examination of biopsy specimens from the lesions. The lesions disappeared in 6 months without therapy. Pulmonary sarcoidosis presenting only with many cotton-like unilateral shadows is rare. A cotton-like infiltrate seen on a CT scan is a valuable finding for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Adult↗