Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CATARACT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Intraocular lens implantation in traumatic cataract].

PURPOSE: The evaluation of postoperative results and complications after traumatic cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty two eyes of 41 patients (31 male and 10 female) aged from 10 to 66 years (mean 37.8) with traumatic cataract were the subject of our study. They were operated on between 1996 and 1997. A penetrating injury in 33 eyes (78.6%) and blunt trauma in 9 eyes (21.4%) caused the cataract. The interval between trauma and cataract surgery ranged from 1 day to 40 years. The mean follow up was 13.5 months. Despite of cataract corneal scars, pupil deformations, posterior and anterior synechiae were observed in most of the eyes. Extracapsular cataract extraction was performed in all cases. Posterior chamber IOLs were implanted in 33 eyes. Anterior vitrectomy and anterior chamber IOL implantation was performed in 9 eyes due to the lack of capsular support. RESULTS: Very good or good visual acuity (5/5-5/16) was achieved in 71.4% of cases. Low visual acuity (below 5/50) was observed in 6 eyes (14.3%) because of severe damage to the retina, optic nerve atrophy or amblyopia. Fibrin reaction in anterior chamber (30.9%), hyphaema (19%) and haemophtalmus (4.8%) were the most severe postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: An intraocular lens implantation in traumatic cataract, despite many postoperative complications, enables most of the patients to achieve satisfactory and useful vision. Patients with severe posterior segment damage do not benefit functionally from cataract surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Steroid and anti-CD18 treatment have no effect on after-cataract formation following surgery in rabbits.

PURPOSE: It is debated whether the inflammatory reaction that follows cataract surgery is important in the development of after-cataract. The aim of the present investigation was to study if reduction of the early inflammatory process had any effect on the development of after-cataract in the rabbit. METHODS: Rabbits were divided into 3 groups: 1) no treatment (control), 2) steroids, and 3) IB4 (murine anti-CD18 mab). Aqueous humor (AqH) was aspirated from all rabbits just prior to, and 1 and 56 days after cataract surgery. On day 56 the weight of the after-cataracts was determined. The effect of the AqH on rabbit lens epithelial cell (LEC) proliferation in vitro was investigated. The AqH concentrations of protein, leukocytes, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and active transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were determined. RESULTS: In AqH collected on day 1 postoperatively from the control group, the concentration of leukocytes, protein and PGE(2) were 152.1/microl, 20.6 mg/ml, and 441.5 pg/0.1 ml, respectively. The corresponding levels in the steroid group were significantly lower (55.8/microl, 12.1 mg/ml, and 140.2 pg/0.1 ml). In the IB4 group, the concentrations of leukocytes and protein were significantly lower, 17.9/microl and 11.1 mg/ml, respectively. However, the proliferative effect of AqH on rabbit LEC, the concentrations of bFGF and active TGF-beta on day 1, and the weight of after-cataract on day 56 were not reduced by the anti-inflammatory treatments. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that reduction of the early inflammatory response after cataract surgery is not important in the development of after-cataract.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of cataract surgery on contrast sensitivity].

The authors examined in a group of patients with cataract the visual acuity on Snellen's optotypes and contrast sensitivity using Pelli-Robson's test before cataract surgery and after cataract extraction and implantation of an intraocular lens. A VF-7 questionnaire was used for subjective evaluation of the result of surgery. The values of contrast sensitivity of the pseudophakic eyes were compared with the contrast sensitivity of eyes of a age-matched control group with a natural lens. After cataract surgery and lens implantation highly significant improvement of visual acuity of the operated eye was recorded. There was also significant improvement of binocular contrast sensitivity in the study group. The authors did not detect a significant difference of the contrast sensitivity of eyes with a PMMA lens and eyes with a silicone lens. There was no significant difference in the contrast sensitivity of pseudophakic eyes and phakic eyes of the control group. The CF-7 questionnaire revealed that cataract surgery led to significant improvement of the investigated visual activities, as apparent from the subjective evaluation by the patients. However, no significant correlation was found between objective (contrast sensitivity) and subjective (VF-7 questionnaire) evaluation of cataract surgery. Only one question in the questionnaire correlated significantly with contrast sensitivity. The authors found a significant reduction of contrast sensitivity caused by an altered transparency of the lens. The decline of contrast sensitivity in eyes with cataract and relatively good vision on Snellen's optotypes is the cause of some subjective complaints of the patients and may be an important factor in indication of cataract surgery of eyes with a relatively good visual acuity.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Cataract surgery and trabeculectomy at the same time (author's transl)].

It is not unusual to observe in the same eye a chronic glaucoma and a cataract. Surgery may be indicated for one of these diseases separately or for both of them. For simultaneous operation on glaucoma and cataract several attitudes could be discussed: a) cataract surgery and medical treatment of glaucoma, b) glaucoma surgery at first and then cataract surgery, c) cataract and glaucoma surgery at the same time. Since trabeculectomy is used for glaucoma surgery, the author performs the combined method, i.e. the simultaneous lens extraction and the operation of glaucoma through trabeculectomy. The advantages of trabec-lectomy over the other techniques for glaucoma surgery indicated that trabeculectomy over the other techniques for glaucoma surgery indicated that trabeculectomy is the best technique to be used in association with intracapsular cataract extraction. Our material consists of 65 patients, amongst which there are 11 patients with diabetes. 91 eyes have been operated upon during the last 2 years. Most of the postoperative complications, i.e. hyphaema, vitreous haemorrhage and prolapse, pupillary block, postoperatve rise of i.o. pressure are not severe and have no influence in the desired fall of i.o. pressure. It may be pointed out that a permanent regulation of i.o. pressure often occurs only 3 months postoperatively. Finally it can be said that the trabeculectomy associated with intracapsular cataract extraction appeared to be the best operation in case of glaucoma and cataract, provided that on the one hand the vascular status of these patients is controlled and on the other hand the operation microscope is exclusively used in surgery of the trabeculum.

Cataract↗
PubMed1992

Cellular architecture in age-related human nuclear cataracts.

Age-related or senile human nuclear cataracts were examined using electron microscopy of thin sections prepared from thick vibrating-knife microtome sections of nuclei extracted by extracapsular surgery. The use of extended aldehyde-tannic acid fixation of 80-120-microns thick vibrating-knife microtome sections overcame the difficult problem of preserving the hardened nuclear core of aged lenses. Comparisons were made between a typical nuclear cataract, containing a central opacity and a transparent rim, and a more advanced, or mature, completely opaque nuclear cataract. The typical nuclear cataract contained no obvious cell disruption, cellular debris, or objects that readily could explain the central opacity. The fiber cells had intact uniformly stained cytoplasms with well-defined plasma membrane borders and gap junctions. The transparent rim and the nuclear core appeared similar, except that fiber cells in the nucleus were more condensed with more elaborate intercellular interdigitations. The mature cataract showed various types of cell disruption in the perimeter but not in the core of the nucleus. These disruptions were globules, vacuoles, multilamellar membranes, and clusters of highly undulating membranes. Because these potential scattering centers were not found in the nuclear core, they probably were not the sole cause of the observed opacity. Other potential scattering centers found throughout the mature cataract nucleus included variations in staining density between adjacent cells, enlarged extracellular spaces between undulating membrane pairs, and protein-like deposits in the extracellular space. Similar features, although less pronounced, were present in the typical nuclear cataract. It was concluded that massive cell disruption is not essential to the formation of a central nuclear opacity. Subtle structural changes, especially small fluctuations in protein density between adjacent cells and alterations of the membranes and the extracellular space, probably contribute significantly to the central opacities in human nuclear cataracts.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Preoperative clinical features and surgical results of congenital cataract].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between preoperative nystagmus and visual outcome of congenital cataract surgery. METHODS: Retrospective review of 81 patients (84 eyes) who underwent surgery for cataract was conducted,in which 7 cases of unilateral cataract and 3 of bilateral cataract were associated with preoperative nystagmus. All patients lacked other structural ocular defects or neurologic abnormalities and were old enough to cooperate with recognition visual acuity testing. Outcome parameters studied were best-corrected postoperative visual acuity of the eyes. RESULTS: Best corrected postoperative visual acuity of the nystagmus eyes was 0.05 or worse in 3 (23%, 3/13), between 0.05 and 0.3 in 9 (69%, 9/13), and 0.3 or better in 1 (8%, 1/13). Best corrected visual acuity of the eyes without nystagmus was 0.05 or worse in 6 (8%), between 0.05 and 0.3 in 24 (34%), and 0.3 or better in 41 (58%) h. There was a statistical significance of preoperative visual acuity compared to postoperative visual acuity in cataract with (P= 0.04) or without nystagmus. The great statistical significance was shown in the improvement of visual acuity between the patients with nystagmus and without nystagmus. CONCLUSION: Preoperative nystagmus in children with cataract does not preclude visual improvement, but may predict a poorer visual acuity outcome after cataract surgery. In these patients a decision must be made as to whether or not surgical intervention for the cataract would be worthwhile at this stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hospitalisations for cataract surgery in Puglia 2000-2002].

Cataracts are a common condition and represent a frequent cause of visual disability. Nevertheless, data regarding the incidence of cataracts and the progression of and loss of vision due to cataracts is scarce. In this study, hospital discharge abstract data was evaluated to estimate the frequency and type of hospitalisations for cataract surgery that occurred in the Puglia region in the years 2000-2002. The results of this study confirm that cataract surgery accounts for a relevant amount of regional healthcare system costs. In fact, every year, over 25,000 lens surgery procedures, most of which age-related, are performed in the Puglia region. Approximately 90% of such procedures involve cataract surgery; age-specific hospitalisation rates show very high rates in the > 50 year old population. Only 25% of total cataract extractions were performed as a day-surgery procedure and the mean length of hospital stay was found to be 2.5 days. This confirms that inappropriate hospitalisations, with respect to both type and duration, do occur. Cataract surgery is performed in over 30 hospitals in Puglia; the availability of health facilities in the region, therefore, seems to be satisfactory. In fact, on average, in the three-year period, only 7.5% of cases underwent the procedure outside the Puglia region.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Cataract surgery. Outcome assessments and epidemiologic aspects.

Part one defines the topics and study purposes. The 12 studies reviewed in this survey focuses on following 3 topics of which the current knowledge is very limited: Assessment of outcome of cataract surgery (effectiveness studies). Pre-operative prediction of outcome of cataract surgery. Epidemiologic aspects of cataract surgery. These three topics were chosen as study objectives because more accurate knowledge of these points is necessary to assure a better cataract treatment in future, and as a basis for securing sufficient resource allocation to cataract surgery in the public health care. Each topic will be treated separately in the following 3 parts. Part two concerns the effectiveness studies on cataract surgery (publ. I-VI). Primary, a visual functioning index is presented and evaluated. The index is meant as a new supplementary tool for evaluation of the rehabilitation effect. This index, together with visual acuity and other outcome evaluators, was then used for assessment of the effectiveness of cataract extraction generally and in different sub-groups, supplemented with quantitative assessment of rehabilitation problems and analysis of outcome predictors. In a consecutive series of patients, in which intraocular lenses were not used, it was found, that 82% of the patients obtained a final visual acuity of 0.5 or better and 74% of the patients had normal or near normal basic visual functioning at one year follow-up. In spite of these good results, the rehabilitation of these aphakics were difficult. The difference between the two figures above represents some of the 'aphakic vision cripples' with severe difficulties of adaptation to aphakic spectacles. 26% of cataract extracted patients in a normal consecutive group were found to be dissatisfied with the outcome. Two main reasons for dissatisfaction were found: macular disease and low quality of vision with aphakic spectacles, especially in monaphakics, of which 75% had complaints about vision. Although monaphakics nearly reach the same level in basic functioning as the biaphakics, the latter are much more satisfied. It seems likely that basic visual functioning is gained by first eye surgery and more delicate visual functioning and a subjective 'visual comfort' is obtained by second eye surgery. Adaptation to aphakic spectacles seem to be far less difficult for the biaphakics. In series of patients rehabilitated with intraocular lenses or extended-wear contact lenses, the monaphakics appear to have a generally better visual functioning and they are much more satisfied with outcome than spectacles corrected monaphakics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The management of patients with conjoint cataract and glaucoma.

The frequency with which patients are beset with both cataract and glaucoma has risen and will continue to rise. The present report compares several different approaches to the management of 129 cases of conjoint cataract and glaucoma, including cataract extraction alone, trabeculectomy followed by cataract extraction, and cataract extraction performed simultaneously with either trabeculectomy, partial-punch sclerectomy, iridencleisis, or cyclodialysis. None of the single approaches is appropriate for every case. The surgeon must consider a variety of factors including need to improve visual acuity, ability of the optic nerve head to withstand rise of intraocular pressure, need to achieve lower intraocular pressure postoperatively, general health of the eye, and other long-term considerations such as need to fit a contact lens, availability of care, patient reliability, and opportunity to perform a second surgical procedure. A detailed approach to the management of conjoint cataract and glaucoma is given in tabular form. In general, where glaucoma surgery is of first priority, a trabeculectomy is advised, cataract extraction being performed later. Where glaucoma surgery is not thought necessary and where the optic nerve is relatively healthy a cataract extraction without a combined procedure is preferable. Each of the previously mentioned combined procedures has specific indications which are given.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Development of grating acuity in children treated for unilateral or bilateral congenital cataract.

PURPOSE: To study the development of grating acuity in children treated for dense congenital unilateral or bilateral cataract and to examine how variations in treatment affect grating acuity during early childhood. METHODS: The authors used optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), preferential looking (PL), or both to measure the grating acuity of children treated for congenital cataract in one eye (n = 63) or both eyes (n = 77) whenever possible from the time of treatment until 3 years of age. At each age, the authors compared patients' monocular acuity to that of children with no history of eye disorders. RESULTS: The OKN acuity of treated eyes did not improve with age and was abnormal by 12 months of age. In contrast, PL acuity improved with age, and acuity of most treated eyes was not outside normal limits until 24 to 30 months of age. Nonetheless, at 12 months and at 3 years of age, PL acuity correlated significantly with age at treatment in children who had bilateral cataract. In children who had unilateral cataract, PL acuity correlated significantly with the number of hours per day the good eye had been patched since treatment. Children whose good eye was patched fewer than 3 hours per day did significantly worse than children treated at a comparable age for bilateral congenital cataract. However, children whose good eye was patched at least 3 hours per day had PL acuities similar to those of children treated at a comparable age for bilateral congenital cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Children treated for congenital cataract show deficits in grating acuity, with the deficit apparent earlier in OKN acuity than in PL acuity. At least by 1 year of age, visual development has begun to be influenced by the age at treatment and, in children treated for unilateral cataract, by patching of the good eye.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

[Indications, technics and results of cataract surgery on an eye effected with healed or present retinal detachment or predisposed to detachment].

This communication is a survey of 53 cataract operations followed up during a period of 1-6 years, with an average of 4 years, and performed on patients who had a high risk of subsequent retinal detachment because of a preceding detachment on the fellow eye or on the cataractous eye, because of peripheral retinal degenerations, or a history of hereditary retinal detachment. Most of the operations were performed under general anesthesia and ocular hypotony. In all the cases, a limbal-based conjonctival flap with a double line of sutures (scleral and conjonctival), an iridectomy in segment, a zonulolysis and a cryoextraction, were done. As for the retina, 18 eyes received a coagulation before the cataract extraction by galvano- or cryocoagulation or even by xenon photocoagulation. Among them 3 had a detachment after the cataract extraction, but 2 of them were cured by a new operation. 15 eyes had peripheral retinal lesions which were coagulated after the cataract extraction by cryo-, laser or xenon coagulation. Nevertheless 2 had a detachment. 13 patients with a detachment on the fellow eye or in the family, had no peripheral lesion and were not coagulated. None of them had a retinal detachment after the cataract extraction. Finally the eyes operated upon a short time after the cataract extraction suffered severe complications: reopening of the cataract incision, loss of vitreous and finally loss of 2 eyes out of 3.

Cataract↗
PubMed1996

Cataract free zone and primary health care approach to prevention of blindness in Shunyi county of Beijing.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-level eye care network, together with a referral and monitor system for the prevention of blindness, with the aim of creating a cataract free zone. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Shunyi County with a population of 548364 was chosen as the target site. Our activities included (1) establishment of a County Guiding Committee for the prevention of blindness: (2) training local ophthalmologists and primary eye care personnel: (3) extensive publicity of knowledge for the prevention of blindness: (4) screening for blindness and low vision, (5) cataract surgery as the chief measure for creating a cataract free zone. RESULTS: A referral and monitor system for cataract blindness was established in 1987. Seven local ophthalmologists, 449 primary eye care health workers and six optometrists were trained. 815 cataract-blind patients were identified. Up to December 1991, 667 patients (737 eyes), accounting for 81.84% of the total, were treated with cataract surgery, 90.64% of these eyes had their sight restored, and 59.66% patients resumed work. A cataract free zone has been created in Shunyi County. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention of blindness with cataract surgery as the chief measure can dramatically decrease the prevalence of blindness in a relatively short period of time.

Blindness↗
PubMed2001

Visual risk factors for crash involvement in older drivers with cataract.

BACKGROUND: The Impact of Cataracts on Mobility project has previously demonstrated that older drivers with cataract have an elevated risk of motor vehicle collision. OBJECTIVE: To examine what types of visual impairment serve as a basis of the increased crash risk of older drivers with cataract. METHODS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 274 older drivers with cataract and 103 older drivers free of cataract recruited through 12 eye care clinics for the purposes of the Impact of Cataracts on Mobility project, a prospective study on driving mobility in older adults with cataract. Tests measured visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and disability glare for each eye separately using habitual distance correction. The dependent variable was involvement in at least 1 state-recorded, at-fault vehicle crash during the 5 years prior to study enrollment. RESULTS: Logistic regression evaluated associations (odds ratios [ORs]) between visual function and crash involvement. Better and worse eye models defined on the basis of visual acuity were developed. Associations between each type of visual function and crash involvement were adjusted for age, sex, driving exposure, cognitive status, and other types of visual function. For both the better and worse eye models, contrast sensitivity was independently associated with crash involvement, whereas visual acuity and disability glare were not. Drivers with a history of crash involvement were 8 times more likely to have a serious contrast sensitivity deficit in the worse eye (defined as a Pelli-Robson score of 1.25 or less) than those who were crash-free (OR = 7.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-39.79); this association was weaker for the better eye but still statistically significant (OR = 3.78; 95% CI, 1.15-12.48). Crash-involved drivers were 6 times more likely to have severe contrast sensitivity impairment in both eyes (OR = 5.78; 95% CI, 1.87-17.86) than crash-free drivers. A severe contrast sensitivity deficit in only 1 eye was still significantly associated with crash involvement (OR = 2.70; 95% CI, 1.16-6.51). CONCLUSION: Severe contrast sensitivity impairment due to cataract elevates at-fault crash risk among older drivers, even when present in only 1 eye.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

Albumin and transthyretin as risk factors for cataract: the POLA study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations of markers of protein nutrition (plasma albumin and transthyretin) with cataract. METHODS: The Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age (POLA) Study (1995-1997) is a population-based study on age-related eye diseases, performed in 2584 residents of Sète (South of France), aged 60 to 95 years. Cataract classification was based on a standardized lens examination at slitlamp according to Lens Opacities Classification System III. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, the risk for cataract (any type) was increased by about 50% in the lowest quintile of plasma albumin concentration (<38.28 g/L) and transthyretin concentration (<0.21 g/L) (odds ratio [OR], 1.49 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-2.14]) and OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.03-2.13], respectively). The associations were stronger with mixed cataract (OR, 1.87 [95% CI, 0.95-3.68] and OR, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.22-4.59] for albumin and transthyretin levels, respectively) and nuclear cataract (OR, 2.39 [95% CI, 1.20-4.76] for low transthyretin levels). There were no significant associations with the other types of cataract. There were no associations of cataracts with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and orosomucoid levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study is suggestive of an association of protein undernutrition with increased risk of cataract. Low protein intake may induce deficiencies of specific amino acids that are needed to maintain the health of the lens, or other nutritional deficiencies, particularly niacin, thiamin, and riboflavin.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Longitudinal rates of cataract surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cumulative probability of cataract surgery and factors accounting for such surgery. METHODS: Respondents to the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old survey, a national longitudinal panel, were interviewed in 1998, 2000, and 2002 to determine whether they had undergone cataract extraction since the previous interview (N = 8363 in 1998). Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors affecting cataract surgery rates. RESULTS: The annual incidence of cataract surgery from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2002, was 7.4%. The prevalence of unilateral pseudophakia increased from 7.6% in 1998 to 9.8% in 2002; the prevalence of bilateral pseudophakia increased from 10.5% in 1998 to 22.3% in 2002. The self-reported vision of persons undergoing cataract surgery improved related to that of others (a difference of 0.4 on a 9-point scale; P<.001). Black individuals were less likely to undergo cataract surgery than white individuals (P<.01). The highest rates of surgery were for persons who were 65 years or older in 1998. However, persons with Medicare parts A and B coverage underwent more procedures than those with primary private employer-based coverage or the uninsured. CONCLUSIONS: At 5.3%, the cataract surgery incidence is similar to that given in previous reports. Persons undergoing cataract surgery more often had low self-reported vision before surgery, and their vision improved on average relative to others after surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Presenile cataract formation and decreased activity of galactosemic enzymes.

One hundred forty-seven patients, 144 with advanced cataract formation, had determinations of erythrocyte galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase performed. Significant reduction (more than 2 SDs) of one of these enzymes was found in 47.4% of patients 50 years old or less with presenile "idiopathic" bilateral cataracts, 7.1% of other patients with cataracts aged 50 years or less, and 3.8% of patients with cataracts aged 51 years or more. The differences between the group with presenile idiopathic cataracts and the other groups were statistically highly significant (P less than .001). Patients with reduced activity of galactokinase or galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (presumed heterozygotes) compose about 1% of the general population, appear to be more susceptible to idiopathic presenile cataract formation, and may be more prone to secondary cataract formation after a variety of lenticular insults. Dietary restriction of milk and milk products may prevent or delay cataract formation in these individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Accuracy of coding in Medicare part B claims. Cataract as a case study.

We studied the accuracy of Medicare part B coding for cataract extraction to provide validation for research involving Medicare data. Hospital and physician office records associated with a sample of 802 paid claims for cataract surgery were reviewed. The sample was randomly selected from 118,420 Medicare part B claims for cataract surgery submitted by physicians in an 11-state sample during the first quarter of 1988. Medical records were successfully obtained for 796 cataract surgery episodes (99.2%), of which 794 (99.7%) indicated that cataract extraction had been performed. In the remaining two cases, cataract surgery was attempted but aborted. In 24 (3%) of the 794 cases, the surgical approach (intracapsular or extracapsular) indicated in the operative note differed from the coded on the physician's bill. In all cases in which the operative note indicated a secondary procedure performed at the time of surgery, the billing information was in agreement. We conclude that, at least in the case of cataract surgery, the Medicare part B database is 99% accurate (95% confidence interval, +/- 0.6%) for cataract surgery having occurred and 96% accurate (95% confidence interval, +/- 1.4%) in terms of surgical approach.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1993

The Lens Opacities Classification System III. The Longitudinal Study of Cataract Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To develop the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) to overcome the limitations inherent in lens classification using LOCS II. These limitations include unequal intervals between standards, only one standard for color grading, use of integer grading, and wide 95% tolerance limits. DESIGN AND RESULTS: The LOCS III contains an expanded set of standards that were selected from the Longitudinal Study of Cataract slide library at the Center for Clinical Cataract Research, Boston, Mass. It consists of six slit-lamp images for grading nuclear color (NC) and nuclear opalescence (NO), five retroillumination images for grading cortical cataract (C), and five retroillumination images for grading posterior subcapsular (P) cataract. Cataract severity is graded on a decimal scale, and the standards have regularly spaced intervals on a decimal scale. The 95% tolerance limits are reduced from 2.0 for each class with LOCS II to 0.7 for nuclear opalescence, 0.7 for nuclear color, 0.5 for cortical cataract, and 1.0 for posterior subcapsular cataract with the LOCS III, with excellent interobserver agreement. CONCLUSION: The LOCS III is an improved LOCS system for grading slit-lamp and retroillumination images of age-related cataract.

Aging↗