Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “BREATHING EXERCISES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Continuous laryngoscopy exercise test: a method for visualizing laryngeal dysfunction during exercise.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To assess the diagnostic feasibility and patient acceptance of a new developed diagnostic test for exercise induced upper airway flow limitation. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical case control study including evaluation of contemporary ergo-spirometry and laryngoscopy continuously performed during exercise. METHODS: Twelve nonsymptomatic controls and four young females with documented dyspnea and noisy breathing during exercise were studied. All subjects exercised to exhaustion on a treadmill while attached to a fully equipped ergo-spirometry unit and a fiberoptic laryngoscope linked to a video camera and a sound recorder. RESULTS: The test situation was well tolerated. Two control subjects had a minor inspiratory synchronous medial motion of the aryepiglottic folds without limitation of laryngeal airflow. In the four symptomatic subjects, exercise induced inspiratory synchronous medial motion of the dorsal part of the aryepiglottic folds as well as vocal cord adduction and inspiratory stridor was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The continuous laryngoscopy exercise test was easy to perform, well tolerated, and can be implemented in future diagnostic work-up programs of laryngeal dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of inspiratory resistive loading on control of ventilation during progressive exercise.

Eight healthy volunteers performed gradational tests to exhaustion on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer, with and without the addition of an inspiratory resistive load. Mean slopes for linear ventilatory responses during loaded and unloaded exercise [change in minute ventilation per change in CO2 output (delta VE/delta VCO2)] measured below the anaerobic threshold were 24.1 +/- 1.3 (SE) = l/l of CO2 and 26.2 +/- 1.0 l/l of CO2, respectively (P greater than 0.10). During loaded exercise, decrements in VE, tidal volume, respiratory frequency, arterial O2 saturation, and increases in end-tidal CO2 tension were observed only when work loads exceeded 65% of the unloaded maximum. There was a significant correlation between the resting ventilatory response to hypercapnia delta VE/delta PCO2 and the ventilatory response to VCO2 during exercise (delta VE/delta VCO2; r = 0.88; P less than 0.05). The maximal inspiratory pressure generated during loading correlated with CO2 sensitivity at rest (r = 0.91; P less than 0.05) and with exercise ventilation (delta VE/delta VCO2; r = 0.83; P less than 0.05). Although resistive loading did not alter O2 uptake (VO2) or heart rate (HR) as a function of work load, maximal VO2, HR, and exercise tolerance were decreased to 90% of control values. We conclude that a modest inspiratory resistive load reduces maximum exercise capacity and that CO2 responsiveness may play a role in the control of breathing during exercise when airway resistance is artificially increased.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Acute relief of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by inhaled formoterol in children with persistent asthma.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the acute bronchodilatory effect of the long-acting beta2-agonist formoterol against the short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) terbutaline during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in children with asthma. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the immediate effect of formoterol, 9 microg, vs terbutaline, 0.5 mg, and placebo administered as dry powder at different study days. Exercise challenge test was used as a model of acute bronchoconstriction. PATIENTS: Twenty-four 7- to 15-year-old children with persistent asthma. INTERVENTIONS: The children performed standardized treadmill exercise tests, breathing dry air, with a submaximal workload. Study medication was administered 5 min after exercise if FEV1 dropped > or = 15% within 5 min after exercise. FEV1 and forced expiratory flows were measured repeatedly until 60 min after dose. RESULTS: Formoterol and terbutaline offered a significant acute bronchodilatory effect from 3 min after dose compared with placebo (p < 0.001). There was no difference between formoterol and terbutaline in FEV1 5 min after dose (p = 0.15), with a mean increase from each predrug baseline of 62% of the maximum increase for both. Median times to recovery within 5% of baseline FEV1 were 5.0 min and 7.4 min for formoterol and terbutaline, respectively (p = 0.33). CONCLUSION: Single-dose formoterol, 9 microg, via dry powder inhaler provided an acute bronchodilatory effect similar to terbutaline during EIB in schoolchildren with persistent asthma. Formoterol is at least as effective as SABA and may be considered an alternative in the treatment of acute bronchoconstriction in school children.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of respiratory disability in patients of respiratory diseases using relationships between ventilatory drive, ventilation and thoracic pump function during exercise].

We studied the parameters of breathing control during exercise in patients with respiratory diseases for the evaluation of respiratory disability. The ventilatory drive during the same load exercise was increased in patients with respiratory diseases compared with that in normal subjects. In addition, the ratio of ventilation to ventilatory drive during exercise was decreased in patients with respiratory diseases. Impairment of rapid thoracic movement was suggested to be one of the mechanical limitations for ventilation in these patients, based on the findings of smaller esophageal pressure fluctuation during maximum ventilation of 40 respirations per minute than that in normal subjects. Flow at 0.1 sec after initiation of inspiration was designated V0.1. The increase of the ratio of V0.1 at rest to that at maximum voluntary inspiration (V0.0 (rest)/V0.1 (max)) indicate the grade of respiratory disability showing the impossibility of rapid movement of thorax as a parameter of thoracic pump function. It was recognized that the decrease of VE/P0.1 during incremental exercise indicated ventilatory insufficiency.

Exercise Test↗
PubMed1994

[Role of the respiratory muscles in weaning from mechanical ventilation].

Weaning from mechanical ventilation is difficult when the respiratory muscles are unable, because of weakness or fatigue, to assume the entire work of breathing. Partial ventilatory support may then be used to rest the respiratory muscles. However, the degree of muscle rest achieved varies according to the ventilatory mode. Inspiratory muscle electromyographic activity is only moderately reduced with assisted ventilation (AMV) and synchronized intermittent ventilation (SIMV). On the other hand, inspiratory pressure support (IPS) is able to markedly relieve the inspiratory muscles. With noninvasive techniques, muscle rest is better achieved by positive pressure than by negative pressure ventilation. The opposite option, training of the respiratory muscles, has also been found to facilitate difficult weaning. The role of resting and overloading the respiratory muscles in the management of difficult weaning remains to be established.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMed1995

Plasma catecholamine and ventilatory responses to cycling after propranolol treatment.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between minute ventilation (VE) and plasma concentrations of epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) during incremental cycling (20 W.2 min-1) performed under conditions of beta-adrenergic blockade (80 mg of propranolol) and placebo in six untrained male subjects. No significant differences existed between treatments in O2 uptake, CO2 output, blood lactate, pH, or VE during the submaximal work stages of incremental exercise common to both treatments (20 - 220 W). During exercise with beta-blockade, EPI, and NE concentrations were both significantly elevated compared with control levels at every submaximal work stage. Significant positive correlations between VE and plasma levels of EPI and NE were found during both beta-blockade (r = 0.98 and 1.00) and control conditions (r = 0.98 and 0.96). Although the high correlations were unchanged during exercise with beta-blockade, the slopes of the regression lines for the VE-EPI and the VE-NE relationships were both significantly reduced compared with control conditions. Beta-blockade resulted in elevated plasma levels of both EPI and NE compared with control conditions without causing a change in exercise VE. These findings suggest that catecholamines may not be important substances in regulating breathing during exercise.

Adrenergic Agonists↗
PubMed1983

Exercise hyperpnea in the duck without intrapulmonary chemoreceptor involvement.

To determine the involvement of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) in the control of breathing during exercise, it is necessary to hold the PCO2 in the microenvironment of these receptors constant at the resting value. We accomplished this in unanesthetized Pekin ducks by ligating the left pulmonary artery and diverting all of the cardiac output to the right lung, which was denervated. The ducks were then unidirectionally ventilated with a constant gas stream (5% CO2, 19% O2, balance N2) at a flow rate of 12 L X min-1. This procedure provided a constant microenvironment for the receptors in the left lung despite any changes in the chemical composition or flow rate of the blood going to the right lung during exercise. Ventilatory effort increased during running exercise (1.44 km X h-1 at a 3 degrees incline) by an average of 145% over resting values because of an increase in both respiratory frequency and tidal volume. Because no altered stimuli were presented to the IPC using this procedure, the increased ventilation with exercise could not have resulted from changes in their discharge frequency. We conclude that ventilation can increase during exercise in the duck in the absence of IPC involvement and that other neural input, possibly from muscle, is responsible for the hyperpnea.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Respiratory muscle function, assessment, and training.

This article presents a brief overview of respiratory muscle mechanics and the effects of lung disease and neuromuscular disease on pulmonary function. A variety of current specific and general muscle training techniques are described and discussed. Also presented is a current review of training studies and the effects of muscle training on cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, endurance and fatigue, and exercise tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Qigong and hypertension: a critique of research.

Research studies have pointed to various health-related positive effects of qigong; however, problems in much of the current qigong research methodology have limited interpretation of the potential benefits of qigong. Examples of research on qigong and hypertension are used to bring to light some of these methodological issues. In a review of 30 representative studies, various areas of concern are addressed, including: the sources of studies, lack of random assignment, selection biases, treatment effects, placebo response issues, expectancy biases, blinded outcome assessment, adherence to treatment, reliability of blood pressure measurements, regression to the mean, publication biases, and lack of consistency of measurement. One of the longest term studies, conducted by Kuang et al. (1991) and updated by Wang et al. (1993) is examined in greater detail to illustrate these issues. This study took place over 20 years and reported significant differences between a group practicing qigong and a control group in a variety of measures including a reduction of total mortality rate. The weight of evidence suggests that practicing qigong may have a positive effect on hypertension. Whether qigong alone can affect hypertension is not necessarily the most important question. Further research will be required to better assess and understand the effect of adding qigong into an integrated, multifaceted program that selectively incorporates diet, moderate aerobic exercise, relaxation training, and social and psychological dimensions.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMed1997

Correlation of the heart rate-minute ventilation relationship with clinical data: relevance to rate-adaptive pacing.

The heart rate (HR)-minute ventilation (VE) relationship has been shown to be nonlinear and can be expressed as two distinct straight lines. This study is to assess the correlation of the initial HR-VE slope to clinical parameters. Maximum treadmill exercise tests were performed in 100 healthy volunteers (age 19-77 years) using a ramp protocol in which work-rate increases linearly with exercise. Breath-by-breath VO2, VCO2, and VE were measured, and HR and BP were monitored throughout the exercise. The HR-VE curve demonstrated nonlinearity with a breakpoint determined by a change point analysis. This breakpoint was significantly higher than that of the anaerobic threshold. The VE at the HR-VE breakpoint was 56.4 +/- 19.4 and VE at the VE-VO2-VO2 breakpoints were 48.0 +/- 18.3 (P < 0.0001) and 40.1 +/- 16.5 (P < 0.0001), respectively. The HR at this HR-Ve breakpoint was 77.7 +/- 12.9% of the HR range. The first slope, S1 (1.76 +/- 0.64) was steeper than the second slope, S2 (0.66 +/- 0.39). Although there was a gender difference for S1, the best clinical predictor on a stepwise multiple regression analysis was body surface area (BSA) which explained 47% of the variance. It was concluded that nonlinearity of the HR-VE curve can be expressed as two straight lines. The breakpoint is beyond the anaerobic threshold and can be estimated to be approximately 75% of the maximal predicted HR. BSA is the only clinical parameter that significantly predicts the initial slope of the HR-VE curve. This can be of great importance in the programming of rate-adaptive pacemakers using a VE.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Inspiratory muscle training combined with general exercise reconditioning in patients with COPD.

We compared, in a controlled clinical trial, the effect of specific inspiratory muscle training combined with general exercise reconditioning, for six months, with that of general exercise reconditioning alone on inspiratory muscle strength, endurance, and exercise performance in patients with COPD. Thirty-six patients were recruited into three groups; 12 patients received specific inspiratory muscle training combined with general exercise reconditioning, 12 patients underwent general exercise reconditioning alone, and the remaining 12 patients received no training. Specific inspiratory muscle training, for six months, improved the inspiratory muscle strength and endurance in patients with COPD. This training combined with general exercise reconditioning also provided improvement in exercise tolerance, and this improvement was significantly greater than that of general exercise reconditioning alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Role of carotid chemoreceptors in control of breathing at rest and in exercise: studies on human subjects with bilateral carotid body resection.

Control of ventilation at rest and in exercise was studied in subjects whose carotid bodies were bilaterally resected (BR) for the treatment of bronchial asthma some 30 years ago. Ventilatory activities of the carotid body were estimated to be responsible for about 90% and about 30% of the hypoxic and hypercapnic responses, respectively. The BR subjects still revealed a weak hypoxic chemosensitivity, called residual hypoxic response (RHR). The nature of RHR was discussed in detail. Exercise hyperpnea was found to be depressed in the BR subjects when compared with the subjects with similarly impared pulmonary function. This result appears to support the oscillation hypothesis in explaining exercise hyperpnea.

Aged↗