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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Human blood basophils produce interleukin-13 in response to IgE-receptor-dependent and -independent activation.

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a recently discovered immunoregulatory cytokine. The cellular sources of IL-13 and the regulation of its expression are largely unknown. Here we show that human basophils produce IL-13 in response to IgE-receptor (IgER) crosslinking, IL-3, IL-3 plus C5a, but not C5a alone. Human basophils express IL-13 in a restricted manner since, apart from IL-4, no other cytokines encoded on the cytokine gene cluster (IL-3, IL-5, and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]), are induced. Highest levels of IL-13 are formed after IgE-independent activation leading to a prolonged secretion of IL-13. The response to IgER-cross-linking is more transient preferentially inducing IL-4, IL-3 is a unique cytokine regulating IL-13 production by human basophils: Among a large number of cytokines tested, only IL-3 is capable of directly inducing IL-13 expression. Furthermore, although some IL-13 is produced in response to C5a in the presence of IL-5, GM-CSF, IGF-1 or IL-1 beta, IL-3 is by far the most effective. IL-13 production was blocked by actinomycin D and cycloheximide and conditions leading to IL-13 release also lead to the induction of IL-13 mRNA. This study supports an important immunoregulatory role of human blood basophils, owing to their capacity to simultaneously express IL-13 and IL-4 in a restricted manner.

Basophils↗
PubMed1979

Some invariant properties of IgE-mediated basophil activation and desensitization.

We investigate certain general properties of antigen induced degranulation of sensitized basophils by analyzing two types of experiments: Experiments in which we expose basophils to two antigens sequentially and then determine the fraction of histamine released; and experiments in which we obtain time-dependent release and desensitization curves. To analyze the latter type of experiments we introduce a new way to plot release and desensitization data that depends on the nature of the interactions of histamine-containing units (histamine quanta) with themselves or the cells degranulation apparatus, but not on any specific properties of the antigen. From our analysis we conclude that: 1) A fraction of histamine within a population of basophils is nonreleasable by antigenic stimulation. 2) When a basophil degranulates the initial release of histamine appears to inhibit subsequent release. 3) The rate of histamine release is proportional to the amount of releasable histamine remaining in the cells when the amount remaining is small, as expected if release of histamine granules is a stochastic process. 4) There is no dependence of desensitization on the extracellular calcium concentration.

Antigens↗
PubMed1994

Mast cell and basophil development.

Mast cells and basophils express certain remarkable similarities in mediator content, histochemical characteristics, and function. Yet a large body of evidence now indicates that the mast cell and basophil lineages are distinct. Stem cell factor, the ligand for the receptor encoded by c-kit, is a major growth factor for mast cells in both rodent and primate species, and can modulate mast cell secretory function. Moreover, abnormalities affecting the stem cell factor receptor or stem cell factor might contribute to some cases of mastocytosis or mast cell neoplasms. By contrast, basophils can develop independently of stem cell factor, and are not as sensitive as mast cells to the effects of stem cell factor on mediator secretion. In addition, the cytokine interleukin-3 greatly augments the production of human basophils, but has little or no growth promoting activity for human mast cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The cells of the allergic response: mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils.

Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils have long been regarded as important effector cells in allergic disorders. Indeed, it is thought that the cells' cytoplasmic granule-associated or lipid mediators contribute to many of the signs and symptoms that are characteristic of these diseases. Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils also probably contribute to protective host responses, especially to parasites. In addition, recent evidence shows that mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils can secrete a wide spectrum of cytokines and, in some cases, express functions that may permit them to regulate the development or perpetuation of allergic responses. Thus, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils may express immunoregulatory activities, as well as serve as effector cells.

Basophils↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of heparin on release of histamine from basophils under the influence of MCAF/MCP-I in patients with bronchial asthma].

The clinical studies show that heparin, well known as an anticoagulant, inhibits early asthmatic response (EAR) and bronchial hyperactivity after allergen challenge in allergic patients. We have previously shown that heparin attenuates also the late phase of allergic reaction (LAR) Recently it has been shown that heparin modulates mastocyte mediator release. This could explain the beneficial role of heparin in EAR. The goal of this study was to explore the protective mechanism of heparin on LAR. Basophils are important cells in the development of LAR. We studied the effect of heparin on histamine release from basophils induced by anti-IgE and monocyte chemotactic-activating factor/monocyte chemotactic protein (MCAF/MCP-I). MCAF belongs to the chemokine family and is the most potent histamine releasing factor. Basophils were isolated from peripheral blood of 12 asthmatic patients. The cells were incubated with heparin in various concentrations: 10, 25, 50 and 100 U. Histamine was measured by spectrophotofluorometric method. We observed that incubation of basophils with heparin inhibits histamine release as shown in the table: [table: see text] Preincubation of anti-IgE or MCAF/MCP-I with heparin did not induce any changes in histamine release. The suggest that action of heparin depends on interaction with the cells but not with the agonists.

Asthma↗
PubMed1998

[Application of flow cytometry to the analysis of activation of human basophils. Immunologic validation of the method].

Among the different methods used for the analysis of human basophil activation as histamine and leukotriene release, flow cytometry presents several methodological advantages. Moreover, preliminary results obtained for a wide allergen panel have demonstrated its high sensitivity and specificity. We present here the results of the methods used to validate the flow cytometric analysis of human basophil activation by double anti-IgE FITC/anti-CD63 PE labelling of human leucocytes. The use of multiple labelling by monoclonals having different specificities have shown that the selected cells express the phenotype CD14-, CD19-, CD41- or +/-, CD45+, CD63- or +. This phenotype is related to human basophils. We have also demonstrated that the expression of CD63 is related to basophil activation and not to aggregated platelets which are also able to express this marker.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1998

Reduced priming effect of interleukin 3 on IgE mediated basophil histamine release in patients with systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the capacity of interleukin 3 (IL-3) to induce and enhance basophil histamine release in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: Leukocyte suspensions prepared by dextran sedimentation of peripheral venous blood were stimulated with anti-IgE (10 microg/ml), N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP, 1 microM), and IL-3 (0.1 to 10 ng/ml). The priming effect of IL-3 on anti-IgE and fMLP induced histamine release was evaluated. Histamine release was measured by an automated fluorometric method. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between patients with SSc (n = 12) and control subjects (n = 16) regarding spontaneous IL-3 and fMLP induced histamine release. IL-3 was a weak basophil agonist in both populations, since net histamine release did not exceed 10% of total histamine content in any case. Anti-IgE induced histamine release was lower in patients with SSc than in controls (13.09 +/- 4.8 vs 30.2 +/- 6.2%; p = 0.048). IL-3 enhanced anti-IgE and fMLP induced histamine release in a dose dependent fashion. However, the enhancement of anti-IgE induced histamine release by IL-3 was significantly lower in patients with SSc than in controls (p < 0.01 at 0.1 ng/ml IL-3; p < 0.05 at 1 and 10 ng/ml IL-3). In contrast, no difference was found between the 2 populations regarding the enhancement of fMLP induced histamine release by IL-3. CONCLUSION: Basophil response to anti-IgE and the priming effect of IL-3 on IgE mediated basophil histamine release are lower in patients with SSc than in controls. These alterations could be related to chronic activation of the IgE/basophil system in patients with SSc.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Changes in numbers of acidophilic and basophilic connective tissue granulated cells in the intestine of the rat during the estrous cycle.

Changes in physiological reproductive states of female Long-Evans hooded rats were directly correlated with changes in the concentration of acidophilic and basophilic connective tissue granulated cells in the lamina propria of the duodenum. Acidophilic granulated cell numbers were significantly higher at estrus and metestrus than at other stages of the estrous cycle or in the immature state. apcidophilic granulated cell numbers during pregnancy were not significantly different from cell numbers quantified during metestrus, diestrus, or proestrus, but were significantly lower than cell numbers during estrus. Late lactation (21-25 days) was associated with significant decreases in the numbers of acidophilic granulated cells from numbers observed during the estrous cycle and during pregnancy. Basophilic granulated cell numbers did not differ significantly during the estrous cycle, although the highest numbers were observed during proestrus. Basophilic granulated cell numbers were significantly higher during pregnancy than during the estrous cycle. Basophilic granulated cell counts in late lactation were comparable to numbers quantified in estrus, metestrus, and diestrus, but were significantly lower than during proestrus and pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The influence of social rank on adenohypophysial cell activity in Salmo irideus. With special reference to basophil ACTH-cells of the proximal pars distalis.

In nine cell types of the adenohypophysis in untreated adult rainbow trout, histologically different activity phases, seasonal changes in activity, and the relation between certain cell types and the interrenal gland, thyroid or gonads were investigated by light and, occasionally, by electron microscopy. Special attention was given to the effect of social rank on the synthetic activity in adenohypophysial cells of trout kept in small groups in which a social hierarchy with one (light) dominant and several (dark) submissives is established. Cell types in the rostral pars distalis were azocarminophil (I) or amphiphil (II). Proximal pars distalis cell types were slightly basophil (IV), orangeophil (V), strongly basophil (VI) or chromophobe (VII). In the pars intermedia, cell types were amphiphil (VIII) or very slightly basophil (IX). Type III was a non-secretory supporting (?) cell. Histologically different activity phases abounded in type IV cells, which mainly occurred in the proximal pars distalis but were also found dispersed in the rostral pars distalis, the pars intermedia and the neurohypophysis. Influences of social rank were pronounced in type IV cells. Phases with a high synthetic activity were exclusively found in submissive animals, phases with a low synthetic activity occurred in dominants. As a positive relation existed between type IV cell activity and the social rank dependent activity of the interrenal gland, it was suggested that type IV cells produce ACTH. In (dominant) male trout treated with DOCG or ACTH, colloid-containing type IV cell phases, reflecting accumulation of the secretory product, were found. This supported the earlier suggestion that ACTH in the trout is produced in the basophil type IV cells and not, as reported in the literature, in cells comparable to type II.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

Basophil-bound and serum immunoglobulin E directed against Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic gastritis.

The immunoglobulin (Ig) E immune response in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis has been evaluated. Of 26 patients with H. pylori infection, 22 (84%) tested positive for basophil-bound specific IgE (determined by the histamine release test) and 18 (69%) for serum specific IgE (determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). In contrast, only 1 of 17 persons in whom the bacterium was not detected presented cell-bound and serum specific IgE. In the 4 histamine release test--positive but enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--negative patients, removal of antibody from the basophil surface by acid elution showed that histamine release occurred through an IgE-dependent mechanism. When normal basophils, passively sensitized with serum from IgE-positive patients, were exposed to the H. pylori antigen, a significant release was observed, confirming the class specificity of the response. Inhibition experiments with bacteria other than H. pylori showed that the IgE antibody was specifically directed against this organism. The percentage of antigen-induced histamine release did not correlate with serum specific IgE level. However, the response of basophils to antigenic challenge was proportional to IgE-dependent cellular releasability. This finding suggests that target cell sensitivity may be the most important factor in determining the entity of biological response to the antigenic challenge. The ability of H. pylori to induce a specific IgE immune response could answer key questions regarding the mechanisms inducing gastric inflammation.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1995

Natural and recombinant enzymatically active or inactive bee venom phospholipase A2 has the same potency to release histamine from basophils in patients with Hymenoptera allergy.

BACKGROUND: A complementary DNA encoding the major bee venom allergen phospholipase A2 (PLA) has been characterized recently. Recombinant PLA was produced in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity. Natural PLA was compared with recombinant PLA in its ability to release histamine from blood basophils. METHODS: A synthetic gene encoding the mature form of PLA was expressed in E. coli, and the polypeptide was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and refolded, yielding fully enzymatically active PLA. In addition, we have produced a genetically engineered enzymatically inactive variant by substitution of a single amino acid residue in the catalytic center. A standard histamine release assay was used to compare the potency of natural PLA with correctly folded enzymatically active and inactive recombinant PLA to release histamine from blood basophils of nine patients with bee venom allergy. RESULTS: Recombinant enzymatically active PLA and purified natural protein were equally effective in releasing histamine from sensitized basophils. By comparing the histamine-releasing capacity of enzymatically active and inactive recombinant allergen, we further demonstrate that catalytic activity is not a requirement for allergenicity in the effector phase. Denaturation of natural PLA or incorrect folding of recombinant protein resulted in a total loss of allergenic potency. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate the feasibility of producing native-like recombinant allergens with or without enzymatic activity. We also provide evidence for the requirement of correct three-dimensional structure of PLA to induce histamine release from basophils and thus evidence for its recognition by IgE.

Bee Venoms↗
PubMed2002

The recombinant human TRPV6 channel functions as Ca2+ sensor in human embryonic kidney and rat basophilic leukemia cells.

The activation mechanism of the recently cloned human transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6) channel, originally termed Ca(2+) transporter-like protein and Ca(2+) transporter type 1, was investigated in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments using transiently transfected human embryonic kidney and rat basophilic leukemia cells. The TRPV6-mediated currents are highly Ca(2+)-selective, show a strong inward rectification, and reverse at positive potentials, which is similar to store-operated Ca(2+) entry in electrically nonexcitable cells. The gating of TRPV6 channels is strongly dependent on the cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration; lowering the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration results in Ca(2+) influx, and current amplitude correlates with the intracellular EGTA or BAPTA concentration. This is also the case for TRPV6-mediated currents in the absence of extracellular divalent cations; compared with endogenous currents in nontransfected rat basophilic leukemia cells, these TRPV6-mediated monovalent currents reveal differences in reversal potential, inward rectification, and slope at very negative potentials. Release of stored Ca(2+) by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and/or the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin appears not to be involved in TRPV6 channel gating in both cell lines but, in rat basophilic leukemia cells, readily activates the endogenous Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) current. In conclusion, TRPV6, expressed in human embryonic kidney cells and in rat basophilic leukemia cells, functions as a Ca(2+)-sensing Ca(2+) channel independently of procedures known to deplete Ca(2+) stores.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Basophilic degeneration of the myocardium: histological, immunohistochemical and immuno-electronmicroscopic studies.

We studied basophilic degeneration of heart muscle cells in 100 consecutive autopsies (74 males, 26 females). Except for two infants, the age of individuals whose tissue was studied ranged from 10 to 90 years (mean age, 68.3). Using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, we found the frequency and extent of basophilic degeneration and the materials in type IV glycogenosis (Andersen's disease) were reactive to monoclonal antibodies raised against polyglucosan extracted from the myocardium of a patient with Lafora's disease. Basophilic degeneration was found in 98% of the entire study population and in 100% of those aged over 60. The reactivity for polyglucosan became more intense after diastase digestion. Immuno-electronmicroscopy using an immunogold method showed that the fibril-like structures of basophilic degeneration were specifically labelled by the monoclonal antibodies to polyglucosan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An autopsy case of frontotemporal dementia with severe dysarthria and motor neuron disease showing numerous basophilic inclusions.

We report a clinicopathological study of a patient suffering from frontotemporal dementia (FLD) with severe dysarthria and concomitant motor neuron disease (MND). The patient was a 52-year-old woman with almost simultaneous emergence of severe dysarthria and FTD. The severe dysarthria subsequently evolved into anterior opercular syndrome. Motor neuron signs then emerged, and the patient developed akinetic mutism approximately 2 years after the onset of the disease. The patient died of pneumonia after a 7-year clinical illness. Pathologically, severe and widespread degeneration in the frontal and temporal lobes, including the anterior opercular area, limbic system, basal ganglia, spinal cord and cerebellum, and frequent ubiquitin- and tau-negative basophilic inclusions were observed. The pyramidal tracts and anterior horns of the cervical cord also showed marked degeneration. Cases showing basophilic inclusions reported so far have been divided into two groups: early onset FTD and MND with basophilic inclusions. Our case presented clinicopathological features of both FTD and MND, which suggests that cases showing basophilic inclusions may constitute a clinicopathological entity of FTD/MND.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1989

Factors influencing basophilic differentiation of HL-60 cells.

Lineage-specific hematopoietins apparently act in concert with multipotent factors in an orderly sequence of growth and differentiation. We have used the human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 to examine basophilic differentiation, using radioenzymatic assay of histamine content as an end point. Recombinant human interleukin 1 (rhIL-1), rhIL-2, rhIL-4, and recombinant human alpha and gamma interferons did not stimulate basophilic differentiation either in the presence or absence of sodium butyrate, an important cofactor for induction of differentiation. In contrast, rhG-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), rhGM (granulocyte-macrophage) CSF, rhIL-3, rhIL-5, nerve growth factor, conditioned medium (CM) from the hairy T cell leukemic line Mo, and nasal polyp epithelial CM stimulated significant increases in histamine content in HL-60 cells at day 5 in vitro. GM-CSF did not account for all of the basophilic differentiating activity in Mo-CM. The data suggest that a unique, lineage-specific, basophilic cell differentiation factor is produced by T cells and point to the possible diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of in situ hematopoietic mechanisms in human respiratory disease.

Biological Factors↗
PubMed1978

Pituitary basophils from immature male and female rats: distribution of gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs as studied by unit gravity sedimentation.

Isolated pituitary cells from 14-day-old female, 14-day-old male, and adult male rats were separated into several fractions by unit gravity sedimentation. With preparations from 14-day-old animals, the percentage of basophils increased from top to bottom of the gradient. The bottom fractions contained large basophils with a purity attaining almost 90% in the female and 75% in the male preparation. The same fraction prepared from adult male rats was composed of over 80% of large acidophils. As identified by immunostaining, the majority of the female large basophils were gonadotrophs, whereas in 14-day-old males about 1/3 of these basophils were thyrotrophs. The relative proportion of medium and small sized gonadotrophs and of thyrotrophs was also higher in the 14-day-old rats than in the adults. An estimate of the distribution of FSH and LH among the gonadotrophs was made by comparing the number of cells reacting with anti-FSH, with anti-LH, and with a mixture of both antisera. The data suggested that irrespective of cell size, the majority of the gonadotrophs in 14-day-old rats contained both FSH and LH. In most fractions, the occurrence of cells with only one hormone was more apparent in the males than in the females. In adult rats, cells with only FSH were most abundant in the fraction with large gonadotrophs. The distribution of hormone content, as measured by RIA, was highly characteristic for each animal group. In 14-day-old females, more than 70% of the recovered hormones was in the large gonadotrophs. In 14-day-old and adult males, substantial amounts of hormone were also recovered from medium sized gonadotrophs. The present findings suggest a relationship between developmental changes in pituitary hormone secretion and changes in pituitary cell type distribution.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

[Significance of morphofunctional assessment of tissue basophil reactions in prognostication of harmful effects of chemical substances].

The article contains a comparative analysis of experimental data on the assessment of the general toxicological, gonadotrophic effects and morphofunctional reactions of tissue basophils under the influence of 4-bromine-o-xylene, carbon disulfide and pyracryl. Established was the gonadotrophic action of pyracryl against the growing activity of tissue basophils manifested through increased infiltration and high-level degranulation in female rats' reproductive organs. Demonstrated was that, under the influence of low-intensity chemical factors, tissue basophils morphofunctional reactions were those of organ-related nature. The quantitative assessment of tissue basophils was proposed as an informative model for studies of selective (gonadotrophic) actions of low-intensity chemical substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Tissue basophils in the thymus (luminescence microscopic and immunologic analysis)].

By means of fluorescent method biogenic amines in the thymus tissue basophils have been investigated in intact and immunized rats and, simultaneously, in the peripheral blood of the immunized animals the hemolysins titer has been defined as an index of the immune response of the organism. In the immunized rats the number of the tissue basophils is increasing, there are many degranulated forms among them. Hence, the antigenic stimulation facilitates to the tissue basophils secretory activation, which is morphologically manifested as their degranulation. The hemolysins titer level in the peripheral blood is gradually decreasing, as the time of immunization increases. The content of biogenic amines in the tissue basophils does not undergo similar changes.

Animals↗