Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Asphyxia”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Prevention of perinatal asphyxia. Can more be done by fetal monitoring?].

Intrapartum death has become a rare event since the introduction of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM). Randomized studies of EFM versus intermittent auscultation show that EFM reduces the risk of low Apgar score at birth and of neonatal seizures, although it may be possible to ensure low perinatal mortality even with intermittent auscultation alone. The rate of operative deliveries may increase with EFM, at least if scalp blood sampling is not used. Since scalp blood sampling is an invasive procedure providing only temporary information, the search goes on for new methods as complements to EFM. Fetal pulse oximetry and ST-analysis of fetal ECG (STAN) are two methods currently being tested in clinical studies. Regardless of the efficiency of monitoring methods that we may develop, there will always be a need for competent staff at our labor wards. Ongoing training of staff is necessary if asphyxia is to be avoided as far as possible.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1975

Sexual asphyxia in the female.

The author has reported what appears to be a clearly defined masochistic hanging in the female. This is supported by many of the usual characteristics inherent in most male hangings. Although it was not the function of the police, a background study of the victim by a medical authority unfortunately was not made, which is so often the case in deaths due to sexual asphyxia.

Accidents↗
PubMed2001

Cord blood endothelin-1 and perinatal asphyxia.

UNLABELLED: Discordant data have been reported on endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstriction peptide, during the neonatal period, and elevated levels have been found in various neonatal diseases. This study evaluated ET-1 in the cord blood of 74 neonates of different gestational age, birthweight, mode of delivery and 5'-Apgar score. CONCLUSION: Higher ET-1 levels were found in neonates born by emergency caesarean section, and in newborns with low 5'-Apgar score, suggesting that ET-1 could be a marker of perinatal asphyxia.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood neuronal specific enolase in newborns with perinatal asphyxia].

INTRODUCTION: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a sensitive marker of brain injury after hypoxia or ischemia. There are few studies about its usefulness in asphyctic newborns. OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between blood NSE levels and neurological outcome in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have determined the blood values of NSE by radioimmunoassay in 25 asphyctic term-newborns with clinical encephalopathy (of mild, moderate and severe degree) and in 22 healthy term newborns (control group). Blood samples were obtained between 24 and 72 hours after birth in all neonates. Surviving infants were followed for a variable time (median: 3.5 years; range: 1-6) and the neurological status was determined. RESULTS: NSE levels in the group of asphyctic neonates who died or developed neurological sequelae (n= 6; mean: 116.4 ng/ml; range: 42-226) were significantly higher than NSE values in the group of asphyctic neonates who were neurologically normal at follow-up (n= 19; mean: 21.3 ng/ml; range: 7.4-40), with p< 0.001. There were not differences between NSE values in the group of asphyctic neonates who developed neurologically normal and the control group (mean: 7.6 ng/ml; range: 10.3-28.3). Sensitivity and specificity of blood NSE as predictor of poor outcome were, respectively, 100% and 78%. The combined specificity for blood NSE together with a moderate/severe encephalopathy was 95%. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of elevated NSE values in blood after perinatal asphyxia can be a sensitive indicator of conspicuous brain damage. The combined information provided by the severity of the encephalopathy together with the blood NSE values have shown a high predictive value for neurological outcome.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1975

[Neonatal asphyxia immediately following birth due to thyreoglossal cyst blocking the larynx (author's transl)].

Report on death from asphyxia immediately after birth of a child with obstruction of the larynx by a cyst of thyreoglossus. When intubation of an asphyctic neonate is attempted and a diagnosis of an obstructing cyst is made the following measures should be taken: Immediate aspiration of the contents of the cyst or without canula under laryngoscopic control. Attempt at intubation. If unsuccessful, emergency tracheostomy, although burdened with a high morbidity in neonates. If this cannot be done quickly, then--in addition to other measures--an infusion should be given through a catheter in the umbilical vein to counteract acidosis and hypercapnia.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed2001

Proton spectroscopy and diffusion imaging on the first day of life after perinatal asphyxia: preliminary report.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR techniques have proved useful in assessing brain injury from perinatal asphyxia when the injury is subacute or chronic. Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of brain injury have made medical intervention plausible, creating a need for assessment of the brain within the first few hours of life. We report the results of early (first 24 hours after birth) MR imaging in seven patients, including proton MR spectroscopy in six. METHODS: MR studies were performed within the first 24 hours of life in seven consecutive patients who were encephalopathic after complicated deliveries. Standard T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted sequences were performed in all patients; single-voxel MR spectroscopy was performed in two locations in six of the seven patients. Follow-up MR studies were performed in four patients at ages 7, 8, 9, and 15 days, respectively. RESULTS: T1-weighted images were normal in all seven patients. T2-weighted images were normal in three patients and showed T2 prolongation in the basal ganglia or white matter in the other four. Diffusion images showed small abnormalities in the lateral thalami or internal capsules in all seven patients. Comparison with clinical course in all seven patients and with follow-up MR studies in four showed that the diffusion images underestimated the extent of brain injury. Proton MR spectroscopy showed substantial lactate elevation in all six of the patients studied. Two patients died in the neonatal period and the other five were left with clinically significant neurologic impairment. CONCLUSION: MR spectroscopy performed in the first 24 hours after birth is sensitive to the presence of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, whereas diffusion imaging may help identify but underestimate the extent of the injury. Further studies are ongoing in an attempt to expand upon this observation.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed2001

[Role of neurologic assessment in the evaluation and prognosis of full-term newborns with asphyxia].

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, the clinical neurological syndrome that follows birth asphyxia, is one of the main causes of neurological sequelae in term newborns. Despite the advent of new imaging and neurophysiological techniques in the last two decades, the value of the neurological assessment of the newborn has not been reduced. The possibility to perform easily serial neurological evaluations allows a detailed and non-invasive follow up of the early developmental processes, providing reliable prognostic information. In this paper we report our experience and a more general review of the literature on the prognostic value of the neurological assessment in term newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1975

[Background activity of the neurons and brain tissue oxygen tension in asphyxia].

The activity level of the cerebral cortex as estimated by the unit activity was found to correlate with the PO2 parameters. Two phasic changes of the unit activity dueing asphyxia were confirmed. The initial firing rate was unrelated to decrease of the PO2 but to the reticular formation influence rather. The following reduction of the unit activity was connected with the PO2 decrease in the brain tissue.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of the quantitative cerebrospinal fluid content of catecholamines in the diagnosis of asphyxia in hanging].

The content was studied of catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine in the cerebrospinal fluid in hanging and sudden death due to cardiac diseases. It has been ascertained that the level of catecholamines in hanging exceeds their quantitative content in death due to ischemic heart disease. This criterion can be used for validation of asphyxia in hanging.

Asphyxia↗
PubMed2000

[An experimental study on the effect of positional asphyxia on cardiac and pulmonary functions].

The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of positional asphyxia on cardiac and pulmonary functions and its role in causing death. respiration, pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output were measured by inserting the swan-ganz into the pulmonary artery from the femoral vein. Results showed that: (1) the respiration was stable before hanging, getting faster during hanging, and becoming irregular at the terminal stage of hanging; (2) the pulmonary artery pressure increased significantly during and at the terminal stage of hanging as compared with that before hanging; (3) the cardiac output was stable before and during hanging, but decreased significantly at the terminal stage of hanging. It is concluded that hanging may cause respiratory imbalance and hypoxia, resulting in cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction. The death caused by hanging belongs to respiratory death, the characteristic of which is primary respiratory arrest followed by secondary cardiac arrest.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1976

[Mental disorder in strangulation asphyxia].

In order to study the mental, neurological and EEG changes due to strangulative asphyxia, the authors studied 163 patients who attempted suicide by selfhanging. In the poststrangulative period there was changed consciousness, disorders of memory, emotions, as well as neurological symptoms which eventually had a reversible course. All these data were confirmed by EEG studies. The convened investigation demonstrated a high therapeutical effect of modern resuscitative measures which can be rendered to this contingent of patients.

Asphyxia↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis of asphyxia on the sudden infant death--prone sleeping position and vomit aspiration.

An inevitable conclusion of studies in the Netherlands, Great Britain, the United States and Japan is that sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is intimately linked to the prone sleeping position of infants. But this cause of death cannot be explained by the conventional view of SIDS. Although asphyxia would be the most plausible explanation, the cause of death in the majority of SIDS-related deaths in Japan are ruled as SIDS, primarily because administrative autopsies in this country are delayed and the diagnosis is most often made from an external examination only. This lack of autopsy reports also hampers research in this area. Moreover, even where autopsies have been conducted, because of the lack of clear criteria for diagnosis, inconsistent rulings are rendered depending on the judgment of the presiding pathologist. Given these considerations, we undertook to examine the diagnostic criteria for death by asphyxiation among infants sleeping in the prone position, and the problems associated with such a diagnosis.

Asphyxia↗
PubMed1992

[Multisystemic impact in the full-term newborn with perinatal asphyxia].

We studied 30 full-term newborn infants, admitted to the newborn intensive care unit of "Manuel Gea González" General Hospital between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1990. All infants had 5-minute Apgar score of 5 or less. The disturbances related to: brain, heart, liver, bowel, coagulation system, calcium and glucose homeostasis were investigate in all cases. Of the 30 infants, 29 (97%) had developed 1 to 7 abnormalities in the systems studied. Most of them had from 2 to 5 abnormalities (77%). The commonest disturbance was brain involvement in 22 cases (73%); metabolic and coagulation changes had also been observed, while heart disturbances were less common. There was no significant difference between the intensity and number of systemic abnormalities observed in these infants and the alterations seen during pregnancy, labor, delivery, administration of anesthesia and Apgar score. These observations suggest a striking relationship between asphyxia in the newborn infant and the development of systemic disturbances.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1975

[Pre-hospital resuscitation in injuries and asphyxia under emergency conditions].

The article is based on the materials of special reanimation units of Leningrad Emergency Medical Care Centre. The reanimation measures undertaken in a group of 420 patients with grave trauma and shock of the 1--IV grade are described. An efficacy of respiratory reanimation per se was studied in a separate group of patients (102) after strangulation asphyxia. A scheme of a special medical car intended for reanimation is being suggested.

Ambulances↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of lipine, a new antihypoxic agent on some respiratory indices in newborn infants after asphyxia].

Lipine, a new antihypoxic drug, has been studied for its effect on respiration and pulmonary gaseous exchange in 47 newborn children, health and with respiratory distress syndrome stresses (SRD) after perinatal asphyxia. It is shown that lipine inhalations cause a considerable increase in duration of respiratory cycle, decrease of respiration frequency, ratio of ispiration di time, to expiration time, increase of alveolar ventilation volume and decrease of respiratory dead space ventilation volume in all lung ventilation volume in newborns with SRD, to a larger degree pronounced in premature children. A conclusion is made on the positive effect of lipine on the state of respiration function and gaseous exchange in lungs in newborn children with symptoms of SRD.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1992

Birth asphyxia alters neonatal intestinal motility in term neonates.

As an extension of an earlier study showing that manometry can identify preterm newborns at risk for feeding intolerance, the authors investigated whether abnormalities of intestinal motor activity underlie the feeding intolerance seen in asphyxiated newborns. Low-compliance perfusion manometry was recorded within the first postnatal week in 25 term neonates admitted consecutively for respiratory diseases. Eleven of these neonates were identified to have experienced birth asphyxia because three concurrent features were present: 1-minute Apgar score of less than 2; 5-minute Apgar score of less than 4; and recurrent seizures within the first 48 postnatal hours. The remaining 14 neonates, who did not have any of these three characteristics, were considered to be nonasphyxiated control neonates. Motor activity differed in nonasphyxiated and asphyxiated neonates during fasting and feeding. During fasting, asphyxiated neonates had less migrating activity than nonasphyxiated neonates. In addition, episodes of motor quiescence and clustered phasic activity were less well organized in asphyxiated neonates. Both groups of neonates displayed a change in motor activity in response to a feeding infusion; however, the response was initiated significantly sooner in asphyxiated than in control neonates. All of the 11 asphyxiated neonates were intolerant of enteral feedings during the first poststudy week, but no control neonate was feeding intolerant. Six of the asphyxiated neonates were reevaluated 1 to 2 weeks later. During this latter study, motor activity in these asphyxiated neonates was similar to that of nonasphyxiated neonates; 5 of 6 of these neonates subsequently tolerated enteral feedings. It is speculated that changes in motor activity underlie the feeding intolerance that asphyxiated neonates typically exhibit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1992

[Metabolic kinetics in the brains in infants with IUGR, respiratory distress syndrome, seizures and asphyxia].

31-P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows noninvasive measurements of cerebral phosphorus compounds: ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphomonoesters (PME) and phosphodiesters (PDE). In this paper we reported our MRS data from the brains of infants with intrauterine growth retardation, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal seizures or neonatal asphyxia, and discussed the possibilities to prevent brain damage due to these perinatal troubles.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗