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PubMed1975

Klossiella spp. in the kidneys of peramelid, petaurid, and macropodid marsupials.

Klossiella spp. were found in kidneys of individuals from six genera in two of the three superfamilies of Australian marsupials. Klossiella quimrensis sp.n. is described in the bandicoots, Isoodon obesulus and Perameles gunnii (Peramelidae). K. convolutor sp.n. is described in the ringtail possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Petauridae). Three macropodid genera were infected. K.serendipensis sp.n. is described in the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor, and K. callitris sp.n. is described in the western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus. Multinucleate bodies considered to be schizonts of a Klossiella sp. were observed in the kidneys of the potoroo, Potorous apicalis. Gametocytes only of K. serendipensis were seen, while gametogony and sporogony of K. convolutor and K. callitris were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Light microscopic studies on the development of Theileria annulata (Dschunkowsky and Luhs, 1904) in Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (Koch, 1844). I. The development in the gut of engorged nymphs (author's transl)].

A laboratory strain of H. a. excavatum was selected on high susceptibility for T. annulata through several generations. Giemsa-stained smears and wet smears of gut and gut content were studied. After engorgement of erythrocytic stages of T. annulata by the nymphs the following development was observed: 1. Erythrocytic merozoites developed to slender, spindleshaped "microgamonts" in the gut 24 to 96 hours after repletion (p. repl.). Spherical stages with a conspicuous spike developed at the same time and earlier. The "microgamonts" then form up to 4 nuclei and several flagella-like appendices. Filiform "microgametes" obviously develop from the "microgamonts". In addition, spherical stages, i.e. "macrogametes", occur. 2. Spherical "zygotes" with a vacuole-like center appear in the epithelial cells of the gut from day 5 p. repl. These "zygotes" increase steadily in size and then stain more intensely up to day 12 p. repl. 3. From day 12 p. repl. the spherical "Zygotes" change to elongate forms by a continuing process of folding. Finally, from day 13 p. repl., they extend to clubshaped kinetes. These kinetes move actively by gliding within the gut cells and from day 17 p. repl. in the haemolymph. It could not be decided yet whether these kinetes are oo- or sporokinetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Electron microscope studies on development stages of Theileria annulata (Dschunkowsky, Luhs, 1904) in the intestine and haemolymph of Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (Koch, 1844) (author's transl)].

For the first time developmental stages of Theileria within the intestine and haemolymph of ticks were studied by electron microscopy. On the 1st-6th day post repletionem the intestine of the ticks contained humerous tages, which were very similar to microgamonts and microgametes of haemosporidia. Later, on the 14th-19th day p.r. ookinete-like stages ere found in the haemolymph of ticks. From these results it seemed likely that gamogony of Theileria takes place in the intestine of ticks. In more detail: The microgamont-like stages were spindle-shaped; they measured about 8-12 mu in length with a diameter of about. 08 mu in their middle region...

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Observations on a feline coccidium with some characteristics of Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis.

Two morphologically different cysts were found in skeletal muscles of mice inoculated with fecal material from a stray cat containing Isopora-type oocysts. The most common cyst contained bradyzoites resembling those of Toxoplasma and resulted from an oocyst measuring 11 times 13 mum which appeared to be identical to that of Toxoplasma. The other cyst, observed in only a few mice, contained bradyzoites resembling those of Sarcocystis, but the oocyst or sporocyst that gave rise to it was overlooked and apparently lost. Two more strains of the parasite resembling Toxoplasma were found in feces of stray cats. When inoculated into mice, the oocyst of this parasite routinely produced chronic infection and formed cysts similar to Toxoplasma in skeletal muscles and occasionally in the central nervous system. The majority of infected mice developed Toxoplasma antibody, but only to low titers. Cats fed carcasses of infected mice remained healthy and shed nonsporulated oocysts following a prepatent period of about 5 days. Cats did not develop Toxoplasma antibody. There was little or no cross immunity between the parasite and T. gondii in cats or mice. Transmission of the parasite between mice by the cyst stage normally was not possible; however, mice inoculated with cortisone acetate did become infected when inoculated with cysts. In other laboratory animals inoculated orally with the oocyst asymptomatic infection was detected in 3 species of rats, in guinea pigs and in dogs, but not in monkeys, pigeons or Japanese qualis. Fluorescent antibody tests on human sera failed to provide evidence of natural human infection with the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Additional observations to the biology of Hepatozoon erhardovae Krampitz 1964 in bank voles from the south-western Styria and from areas around the Neusiedlersee (Burgenland) (author's transl)].

The incidence of Hepatozoon erhardovae in the blood of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) captured in the investigated areas is examined. The biology of schizonts, their distribution in the lobes of the lung and the further development of natural infections in vertebrate hosts kept strictly free of ectoparasites are observed. The accumulation of gametocytes in larvae of the tick Ixodes ricinus and of the mite Neotrombicula zachvatkini after sucking on strongly infected bank voles is pointed out. Occasionally a parasitaemia is produced in the non-specific host (Apodemus flavicollis), but only with a specific transmitter (Megabothris turbidus).

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The importance of Laelaps agilis C.L. Koch 1836 (Mesostigmata: Parasitiformae) as a vector of Hepatozoon sylvatici Coles 1914 (Sporozoa: Haemogregarinidae) (author's transl)].

The importance of the mite Laelaps agilis (Parasitiformae) for the transmission of the Hepatozoon species living in the blood of Apodemus sylvaticus and Apodemus flavicollis (Hepatozoon sylvatici) is examined. With this mite the experimental transfer of the parasite to bred hosts of the same species was successful five times; for once, the transmission to a non-specific host (Clethrionomys glareolus) was also possible. Besides, an eventual stimulating effect emanating from the gonads of female mites to the development of parasites can be considered. Differences in the morphology of schizonts in the bone marrow and in the liver of infected Apodemus flavicollis are especially pointed out.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Transmission of Nosema kingi to offspring of Drosophila willistoni during copulation.

Transmission of the microsporidian Nosema kingi to offspring of Drosophila willistoni during copulation was investigated. Offspring from matings of infected females and non-infected males, infected males and non-infected females, and both infected females and males were parasitized with N. kingi. 28% of the offspring were infected when the parents mated immediately after exposure to the parasite. However, 43--93% of the offspring were infected with the microsporidian when copulation was delayed 2 weeks post-infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Contributions to the life-cycle of Frenkelia. III. The sexual development of F. clethrionomyobuteonis in the buzzard (author's transl)].

8 buzzards (Buteo buteo) were infected orally with cysts of Frenkelia clethrionomyobuteonis of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Their intestines were searched for developmental stages of Frenkelia 21 and 24 h and 2, 3, 4, and 5 days post infection. After 21 and 24 h male and female gamonts could be detected within epithelial cells of the villi of the first half of the small intestine. The microgamonts contained 10-14 microgametes. The macrogamonts which measured on an average 11,1 X 9,8 mum in Giemsa stained smears developed into very thin-walled oocysts measuring in fresh preparations on an average 15,8 X 11,7 mum on day 3 after infection. The oocysts were located between the lamina propria and the epithelial lining of the distal third of the villi. They began to sporulate on day 5 and the first sporocysts were excreted 7 and 8 days post infection. Schizonts and schizont-like stages could not be observed in the developmental cycle in Buteo buteo.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of halofuginone lactate on lymphocytes and MDBK cells infected with Theileria annulata and/or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV): an in vitro study.

Cultures of cattle lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) infected up to 90% with Theileria annulata schizonts and cultures of Madin Darby bovine kidney cells of cattle (MDBK) noninfected or infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were exposed to different concentrations (50, 100, or 500 micrograms/ml) of halofuginone lactate in RPMI and MEM medium, respectively. It was found that a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml halofuginone was sufficient to destroy Theileria-infected as well as double-infected lymphocytes (VSV, T. annulata) within 2-6 h of incubation. The same concentration of halofuginone could also damage VSV-infected MDBK cells, leading to a rupture of the host cells, with a maximum of damaged cells within 21-29 h of incubation. In contrast, noninfected control cells (lymphocytes and MDBK cells) tolerated halofuginone at a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml even after prolonged (53-h) incubation periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The role of interleukin 2 (IL 2) in the proliferation of Theileria annulata-infected bovine lymphocytes.

The role of interleukin 2 (IL 2) in the proliferation of Theileria annulata-infected lymphoblastoid cells was studied. It was found that these cells neither require nor produce IL 2. This was based on the following findings: (a) The growth of T. annulata-infected cells was not enhanced by addition of IL 2 to the culture medium. (b) IL 2-dependent Con A-stimulated bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (Con A-blasts) no longer required IL 2 after being infected with sporozoites of T. annulata. (c) The supernatants of T. annulata-infected cells did not support growth of IL 2-dependent Con A-blasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effects of drugs on the formation of Theileria annulata merozoites in vitro.

The effects of colchicine, taxol, dinitrophenol, sodium azide, TLA-144, and obioactin on Theileria annulata schizonts were tested in vitro and studied by means of light and electron microscopy. Colchicine (0.001-5 microM) and taxol (1 microM) completely inhibited the mitosis of the host cell. This resulted in higher numbers of schizont nuclei after 96 h, since the division of the parasites was apparently not affected. Increasing numbers of schizont nuclei were also obtained after incubation of parasitized lymphocytes for 7 day at 41 degrees C with a daily medium exchange.

Alkaloids↗