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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Type A and type B botulism in the North: first reported cases due to toxin other than type E in Alaskan Inuit.

Botulism outbreaks shown to be due to type A and type B toxin occurred in Alaska, a region previously known for only type E botulism. The outbreak due to type A toxin involved three people, two of whom died. The outbreak due to type B toxin involved nine people, none of whom died. Both outbreaks were in Inuit villages, and native foods were incriminated. The occurrence of these outbreaks strongly suggests that Clostridium botulinum, types A and B are indigenous to Alaska. The outbreaks underscore the need for initial treatment of patients with antitoxin that is trivalent (ABE), even in Arctic regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home health care for cancer patients: insights from the American Indian community.

With the confounding effects of an aging population, as well as advances in the treatment of cancers, the cure rates and associated recovery time for patients have increased. In the past, recovery from cancer treatment was often associated with extended hospital stays. However, shorter lengths of stay and the use of home health care is now the accepted standard of care. For the recovering patients, and their families, sensitivity to their cultural needs may often be overlooked given the diverse nature and background of home health care providers. Within the Indian Health Service, the cultural needs of the patients are taken into account. Through this paper we hope to provide a description of this unique program of home health care for American Indians who live on or near reservations and trust lands and Alaskan Natives who live in traditional villages.

Alaska↗
PubMed1984

The bacterial flora of the forehead and back of Alaskan native villagers in summer and in winter.

The bacterial flora of the forehead and back of Eskimo and Indian villagers in arctic Alaska was determined in midsummer and in winter (temperature -29 degrees to -46 degrees C). Specimens collected by the wet swab method were transported overnight, chilled, to Seattle in buffered diluent with Triton X-100. Control tests showed good survival of principal skin organisms with moderate or large initial populations and a disproportionately greater loss with an initial sparse population. Results of these studies are compared with earlier studies of the forehead flora of a Seattle urban population. On most Alaskan subjects Propionibacterium acnes was more abundant than staphylococci on both sites and both organisms had greater population densities on the forehead than on the back. Population densities for P. acnes varied from none detected to more than 10(6) per cm2 on the forehead and 10(5) per cm2 on the back. For coagulase-negative staphylococci the range was from none detected to more than 10(5) per cm2 on the forehead and the back. The proportion of subjects with relatively abundant or relatively sparse populations of P. acnes and of staphylococci did not change seasonally. Of 51 staphylococcal isolates, 65% were S. epidermidis, 22% S. capitis, and 10% S. hominis. P. saccharolyticus was found on a minority of subjects on both sites. The kinds of organisms found on the forehead and their variable individual population densities were essentially the same on the Alaskan villagers and the Seattle subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

HIV/AIDS risks among Native American drug users: key findings from focus group interviews and implications for intervention strategies.

A multisite study funded through the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Office of Research on Minority Health was conducted in 1996 to determine the HIV/AIDS prevention needs of Native American out-of-treatment drug users. In an effort to recommend directions for HIV/AIDS prevention programming, one component of this study entailed conducting a series of focus groups at each of four sites: Anchorage, Alaska; Denver, Colorado; Flagstaff, Arizona; and Tucson, Arizona. While some site differences were noted, several consistent thematic findings were revealed across all locations. Specifically, focus group members strongly recommended directly involving key members of the Native American community in conducting outreach and intervention activities, involving Native people as the sources of information, and utilizing local and tribally relevant forms of delivering the message. Other consistent themes included getting messages to smaller communities to prevent the potential "annihilation" of tribes, educating youth, and linking alcohol prevention education to HIV/AIDS education. Findings from this study support the idea that future HIV/AIDS prevention programs must take into account subgroup and individual level differences among Native American drug users.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2002

Community collaboration--a weaving.

This article describes the collaborative efforts of the Sitka Turning Point Towards Health partnership in Sitka, Alaska. Key steps to its success include defining our terms, finding consensus, maintaining an attitude of respect, engaging people--building relationships, creating work groups, sharing leadership, committing to collaborative leadership, building in sustainability, and telling our story. We have chosen to interlace a weaving metaphor to reflect our Alaskan Native American culture and the vision of our partnership.

Alaska↗
PubMed1991

Haptoglobin levels among alcoholics in Alaska.

The levels of haptoglobin, plasma proteins and amino acids were studied in a non-fasting population of alcoholics. In 25 subjects, only small differences were seen between the means when Native subjects were compared to non-Native. There did not appear to be any acute phase response differences between these two groups. This study did not substantiate other reports on the correlation of the severity of alcoholism with glycoprotein synthesis.

Alaska↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using NCAST and the HOME with a minority population: the Alaska Eskimos.

PURPOSE: To test applicability of the NCAST and HOME assessment tools in the Eskimo population. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study of Alaskan native families from two villages used the NCAST and HOME child assessment tools. Comparisons using t-test were made to normative data. ANCOVA was used to test effects of demographic differences. RESULTS: Several significant differences were found on subscales of the NCAFS, NCATS, and HOME, although the total scores of the NCAFS and the NCATS were not significantly different. Caregiver education and ethnicity were significant covariates. CONCLUSIONS: NCAFS and NCATS appears to have sufficient breadth to allow for cultural differences. The HOME scale items measure some aspects of the environment that appear to be culture specific.

Alaska↗
PubMed1993

Familial clusters of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and salivary gland carcinomas in Greenland natives.

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and anaplastic salivary gland carcinoma (SGC), both associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are common among Inuit from Greenland, Canada, and Alaska. Because immigrant studies have shown that factors acting early in life are important for the development of NPC, the authors interviewed new patients in Greenland with either NPC or SGC about their lifestyles during childhood and additional cases in their families. METHODS: On admission, new patients from Greenland with either NPC or SGC were interviewed about childhood life-style, family size, and other cases of NPC or SGC within the family. Additional cases were confirmed by review of the medical records concerning these patients. RESULTS: During the 11 years from 1980 through 1990, 17 of 63 (27%) cases in Greenland were found in familial clusters among first-degree relatives. There were no differences in the life-styles of multiple-case families and single-case families. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of familial clusters among natives of Greenland is of interest because EBV is believed to play a role in the origin of these two diseases similar to that of Marek disease in neurolymphomatosis of chickens. Therefore, the familial clustering of NPC and SGC may indicate that an enhanced oncogenic potential of an EBV strain may occur more frequently in Greenland than in other parts of the world.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The expected impact of a smoking cessation program for pregnant women on infant mortality among Native Americans.

To quantify the expected impact of a smoking cessation program for pregnant women on infant mortality among Native Americans, we estimated the proportional reduction (impact fraction) and the absolute reduction (impact risk) in neonatal and postneonatal mortality as a result of the intervention program. The estimated attributable fraction due to maternal smoking was 16.6% of infant deaths in the Aberdeen Indian Health Service (IHS) Area, 16.2% in the Alaska IHS Area, and 5.2% in the Navajo IHS Area. Under the assumptions that 14% of the smokers participating in a smoking cessation program would quit and that the intervention would have 60% relative efficacy in preventing infant deaths attributable to smoking, the impact fraction was estimated to be 0.9% of all infant deaths in the Aberdeen Area, 1.0% in the Alaska Area, and 0.3% in the Navajo Area. Under the "best" model assumptions (28% cessation rate and 90% relative efficacy), 2.6% of all infant deaths, 3.7% of postneonatal deaths, and 1.2% of neonatal deaths would be prevented by a smoking cessation program in the Aberdeen Area. When applied to 1984-1986 infant mortality data, the impact risk per 100,000 live births under the "best" model assumptions was 10 neonatal deaths and 41 postneonatal deaths in the Aberdeen Area, 10 neonatal and 34 postneonatal deaths in Alaska, and 2 neonatal and 8 postneonatal deaths in the Navajo Area. This report points to the need to develop effective smoking cessation programs for Native Americans, targeted in particular to women of reproductive age.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The underrecording of suicides in state and national records, Alaska, 1983-1984.

Information on Alaskan suicides has come primarily from studies based upon records obtained from the Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). To evaluate the accuracy of these statistics, state and national (NCHS) vital statistics records were searched for suicide deaths in Alaska in 1983-1984. Of 195 deaths meeting our case definition of suicide, only 141 (72%) appeared in state records and 112 (57%) appeared in NCHS records. Native suicides were more likely to be underrecorded than non-Native suicides, even after differences in recording district personnel were adjusted for. Errors resulted primarily from delayed determinations of the cause of death and failure to update the records.

Alaska↗