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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

MMPI behavioral correlates of spike-5 and two-point code types with scale 5 as one elevation.

Data from 550 student outpatient psychiatric files were extracted and summarized on record sheets. Base rates for the entire population were determined. MMPI profiles were grouped according to their highest two-point elevations or by single elevation when only one scale was elevated above T-score 70. All profiles with only a scale-5 elevation or for which scale 5 was one of the two highest clinical elevations were removed from the profile population, and the corresponding correlates for these groups of profiles were compared to those for the remainder of the population. Spike-5 profiles indicate basically normal adjustment, while 2-5/5-2, 4-5/5-4, 7-5/5-7, and 8-5/5-8 profiles all indicate varying degrees of psychopathology.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1977

The interrater reliability of the Psychotic Inpatient Profile.

The interrater reliabilities of the 12 scales of the Psychotic Inpatient Profile (PIP) were assessed in three independent samples. These reliabilities were found to be consistently low for the three samples. Several possible sources of low reliability were investigated, and evidence to support the hypothesis that consistent rater biases might have contributed to this low reliability was found. The authors make several suggestions of ways to improve PIP's reliability.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Unification Church ("Moonie") dropouts: psychological readjustment after leaving a charismatic religious group.

Of 66 persons who left the Unification Church (the "Moonies"), twenty-three (36%) reported that they had had serious emotional problems after leaving. After an average of 3.8 years, however, the former members studied here had apparently achieved a stable adjustment. Most of them retained a notable fidelity toward the sect and its beliefs, but those who had been "deprogrammed" had more negative views and themselves had coerced other members to leave. The author examines the impact of group membership on individual development and looks at departure in relation to the psychopathology, such as depression and paranoid ideation, that may emerge.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Suicidal children grow up: rates and psychosocial risk factors for suicide attempts during follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: Rates and psychosocial risk factors for suicide attempts during a 6 to 8-year follow-up period were compared for 25 predominantly prepubertal inpatient suicide attempters, 28 inpatient suicidal ideators, 16 nonsuicidal inpatients, and 64 nonpatients. METHOD: Standard research instruments were used to interview subjects and parents. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for a suicide attempt in the follow-up. RESULTS: No deaths occurred during follow-up. Suicide attempters were six times and suicidal ideators were three times more likely than were nonpatients to attempt suicide during follow-up. Poor social adjustment and mood disorder close to a recurrent suicide attempt were the strongest risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Risk assessment should focus on identifying symptoms of mood disorders and impaired social adjustment in children with histories of suicide attempts and psychiatric hospitalization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Psychiatric adolescent inpatients: eight- to ten-year follow-up.

Seventy-seven adolescent psychiatric inpatients, whose index hospitalization was at a mean age of 16, were followed up for eight to ten years after discharge. The important findings at follow-up were as follows. Twelve patients had bipolar affective disorder and were severely disabled (of these, 11 had a long-term clinical course and three committed suicide). Sixteen patients had unipolar depression: five had one depressive episode and were well throughout the follow-up period, one patient had many episodes with complete remissions, and the remaining ten patients had only partial remissions and their impairment of functioning corresponded to the severity of their symptoms. One of the ten committed suicide. Eighteen (23%) patients were psychiatrically well and functioned adequately throughout the follow-up period. Five had primary depressions, five had undiagnosed psychiatric illness, and eight were diagnosed as not having a psychiatric disorder.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1999

Surviving adversity: event decay, vulnerability and the onset of anxiety and depressive disorder.

Knowledge concerning the temporal relationship between adverse experiences and the onset of anxiety and depressive disorders remains sparse despite life stress forming a pivotal component to social, neurological and cognitive science models of their aetiology. In this study two groups of married women were selected through their shared adverse experiences; for one group, the marital partner had recently died, and in the second group, the marital partner had recently experienced a myocardial infarction. These groups were assessed in close proximity to their event experiences and again approximately 3 months later. Adaptations of both the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation and the Life Event and Difficulty Schedule were used to provide a detailed clinical and event history both preceding and following their experiences. Analysis showed clear evidence for the progressive decay in the adverse effects of life events over time; an attribute thus far largely neglected in work seeking to clarify event-illness relationships. Comparisons between fixed and time-varying effects, representative of precisely formulated models of vulnerability/resilience, confirmed the role both of previous psychiatric consultation history and of limited individual coping skills as risk factors for the onset of diagnosable disorder. Improvements in the specification of stress modelling procedures should facilitate the integration of ideas from competing aetiological models of the onset and subsequent course of anxiety and depressive disorder.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1987

The clinical use of the dexamethasone suppression test in DSM-III affective disorders: correlation with the severe depressive subtypes of melancholia and psychosis.

The utility of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as an adjunct in the diagnosis of major depression remains controversial. While the research utility of the DST has been confirmed, the clinical utility has been questioned. We studied 166 consecutive admissions to a general, non-research unit who either met DSM-III criteria for major depression of had depressive symptoms associated with other DSM-III diagnoses. Using a 5 micrograms/dl criterion, non-suppression of serum cortisol after dexamethasone was observed in 63% of patients with DSM-III major depression. Patients with the most severe subtypes of major depression (melancholia and psychosis) showed both the highest rate of serum cortisol non-suppression and the highest post-DST serum cortisol concentrations. These findings from the clinical setting where the test, if found useful, will be used ultimately suggest that the DST is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of major depression. Future research will determine the potential role of the DST as an adjunct to the clinical assessment and management of patients with major affective disorder.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1990

Psychiatric morbidity in medical and surgical wards of a Nigerian general hospital.

Psychological disorders among 275 medical and surgical in-patients was assessed by a two-stage screening procedure, using the GHQ-30 and the PSE. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 30.2% with an additional 9.8% reporting distressing psychiatric symptoms. The morbidity rates among medical (30.6%) and surgical (29.6%) patients were comparable. Older patients and females were found to be more likely to suffer from psychiatric disorders. It is suggested that the paramedical personnel in general hospital wards of developing countries could be taught psychosocial intervention techniques necessary in the management of emotional complications of physical disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗