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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Anthelmintic activity of fenbendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in calves.

Anthelmintic activities of fenbendazole were evaluated in a controlled experiment. Forty calves artificially infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were allotted to 4 groups. Calves in group 1 were used as nonmedicated controls; the other calves were given (orally) fenbendazole at the dose level of 5 mg/kg in the forms of a suspension (group 2), medicated feed to individual calves (group 3), and medicated feed to the group (group 4). These treatments were given on day 35 after calves were inoculated with infective nematode larvae. In groups 2, 3, and 4, overall reductions (based on geometric means) were 99.5%, 99.7%, and 99.6%, respectively. These reductions were highly significantly different (P less than 0.01) from the control calves. Nematodes present in the calves were Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei, T colubriformis, Cooperia onchophora, C punctata, and Oesophagostomum radiatum.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Toxicity investigation of fenbendazole, an anthelmintic of swine.

The toxicity of fenbendazole, an anthelmintic for use in swine, was tested by feeding 8 growing pigs 2,000 mg of fenbendazole/kg of body weight daily for 14 days. A transient leukopenia developed on day 6, but values returned to base line on day 18, 4 days after discontinuation of dosing. Sorbitol dehydrogenase values were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased from day 4 and returned to base line on day 20. Marked gross or histopathologic lesions were not found.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Oxfendazole: anthelmintic activity in sheep artificially infected with nematodes. Results of trials against nine species including benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus.

In a series of 11 trials, in which 281 lambs were artificially infected with 9 species of nematodes, larval anthelmintic tests were carried out to assess the activity of a dose of 5 mg/kg oxfendazole against all 3 parasitic stages of each species. An efficacy of over 99,4% was obtained against all stages of Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Nematodirus spathiger, Gaigeria pachyscelis, Chabertia ovina and Oesophagostomum columbianum with the exception of the third larval stage of O. Columbianum for which an efficacy of 93,5% was recorded. Against Dictyocaulus filaria efficacies against the fifth stages and adults, fourth larval and third larval stages were 99,8%, 92,0% and 37,5% respectively, and in two additional tests against the combined third and fourth larval stages, efficacies of 86,4% and 85,3% were recorded. Efficacy against Strongyloides papillosus was poor. In 2 supplementary experiments oxfendazole exhibited a 92,2--94,8% efficacy against adults of the Boshof benzimidazole-resistant strain of H. contortus, the highest activity so far recorded against the strain of any benzimidazole tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Anthelmintic activities of fenbendazole against Nematodirus helvetianus in cattle: effect on egg production, embryogeny, and development of larval stages.

Calves experimentally infected with Nematodirus helvetianus were treated with a single dose of fenbendazole at the rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Fenbendazole was found to have an efficacy of 97.4% against adult N helvetianus. Additionally, eggs recovered 12 hours after calves were given the anthelmintic had fewer and frequently abnormal blastomeres. Fewer eggs were evident at 36 hours after treatment, and none was found at 72 hours or later. On the culturing of eggs from manure passed at 12 hours and later, almost no larval stages developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Anthelmintic efficacy of low-dose phenothiazine against strains of sheep nematodes susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole, levamisole and morantel tartrate: effect on patent infections.

The anthelmintic efficacy of low-dose phenothiazine therapy, administered as a 1:40 phenothiazine: molasses mixture, was tested against patent infections of strains of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia spp susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole (an other benzimidazoles), levamisole and morantel tartrate. Phenothiazine reduced faecal egg output for both susceptible and resistant strains of all three nematodes. In daily doses of 0.25 g per sheep per day and above it completely inhibited larval production in susceptible strains. Against resistant strains, there was a reduced efficiency with 82.3 per cent inhibition of egg hatch at the 0.25 g per sheep per day level. Phenothiazine treatment had no significant effect on worm numbers for either susceptible or resistant worms. It is suggested that benzimidazole-resistant strains may be cross-resistant to phenothiazine.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole in calves with naturally acquired Fasciola hepatica infections.

The anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole was evaluated as an oral drench at dosages of 15.0, 10.0, and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight in 3 groups crossbred Brahman calves (n = 12 group) infected with Fasciola hepatica. Although posttreatment fluke ova counts for the 3 albendazole treatment groups were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower (av 82%) than were counts in nontreated calves, there were no significant differences in the responses to the different albendazole treatments. At necropsy, adult fluke counts in treated calves were lower (P less than 0.05) than were counts in nontreated calves, but as with ova counts, a dose-related trend was not noticed. Efficacy against adult flukes was 63.4%, 50.0%, and 56.6% for 15.0, 10.0, and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively. Activity against immature flukes was not observed in calves given the 10.0 and 7.5 mg/kg, but there was a 36% decrease of flukes in those calves given 15.0 mg/kg. Significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in fluke ova viability were observed for the 3 treatment groups in which 12.9% of ova collected at necropsy failed to embryonate (control group av 6.7%). Posttreatment weight changes were not significantly different, although gains were greater within albendazole treatment groups. Decreases in gastrointestinal parasite ova counts after treatment were 98%, 93%, and 93% for groups given 15.0, 10.0, and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively. Ova counts in nontreated calves increased 26.2% during the same period.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1980

[Use of trichlorfon as an anthelmintic in horses (author's transl)].

The use of trichlorfon as an anthelmintic in horses has increased since it was combined with mebendazole and febantel, and became commercially available as Telmin-trichlorfon and Rintal-plus respectively. Field studies showed that these combined preparations frequently gave rise to cases of poisoning. Mild to severe colic was observed up to six hours after treatment, diarrhoea and/or anorexia continuing to be present for one to six days after administration. The 'horse weight measurer' introduced by Janssen Pharmaceutica is not sufficiently accurate to prevent overdosage. It is advisable only to use trichlorfon when the body weight can be estimated by a reliable method.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia sp resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole: isolation into pure strain and anthelmintic titration.

Strains of Trichostrongylus colubriformis (designated PF4) and Ostertagia sp (O circumcincta/O trifurcata, designated PF5), with varying degrees of resistance to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole were isolated into pure culture. Detailed dose response studies showed that both T colubriformis and Ostertagia sp were highly resistant to levamisole and morantel with low level resistance to thiabendazole. The effective dose required to remove 80 per cent worm burdens (ED80) was calculated for each anthelmintic. For T colubriformis the ED80 for levamisole and thiabendazole were 12.6 and 40.1 mg/kg respectively. For Ostertagia sp, the ED80 for levamisole, thiabendazole and morantel were 20.4, 45.2 and 35.8 mg/kg respectively. The implications of these results are discussed with reference to alternative means of chemical control.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Persistent anthelmintic activity of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.

Two experiments were conducted to determine persistence of ivermectin (IVM) anthelmintic activity. In the first experiment, the injectable (INJ) formulation at a dosage of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight and pour-on (PO) formulation at a dosage of 500 micrograms/kg were compared in 5 groups of calves (n = 6/group). Calves were treated at 14 and 7 days prior to experimentally induced infection. Experimental groups were: 1--untreated, infected controls; 2--IVM PO, day -14; 3--IVM PO, day -7; 4--IVM INJ, day -14; and 5--IVM INJ, day -7. Calves were necropsied on days 28 and 29 after infection. Results of this experiment indicated a high degree of efficacy of IVM PO product (93.8%) for all nematodes up to 14 days, in contrast to poor activity for IVM INJ (26.3%) for all nematodes. Seven-day persistence was excellent for both IVM formulations against Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia spp, but a lower degree of efficacy (77.0% for PO and 88.5% for INJ) was observed against Haemonchus placei. In the second experiment, persistent efficacy of IVM PO in preventing establishment of O ostertagi inhibited larvae was observed. In 3 trials, groups of 4 treated and 4 untreated control calves were exposed to natural pasture infection at 0 to 7, 10 to 17, and 20 to 27 days after treatment. Calves were necropsied 15 to 16 days after removal from pasture. After the day 0 to day 7 infection exposure, IVM PO efficacy was 100% for all stages of O ostertagi, 3 adult male Cooperia spp, and Oesophagostomum radiatum; 94.9% for H placei; and 98.2% for Cooperia spp adult females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abomasum↗
PubMed1995

A field survey on anthelmintic resistance in equine small strongyles in Norway.

A field survey at 17 stables involving 221 horses was performed to evaluate the presence of anthelmintic resistance in the equine small strongyles (cyathostomes). The horses were allocated into treatment groups, and resistance to fenbendazole (FBZ), pyrantel pamoate (PYR) and ivermectin (IVM) was tested by the faecal egg count reduction test (FECR-test). Faecal samples were collected at the time of treatment, 14 days post treatment and 90 days post treatment. Resistance to FBZ, which was defined as a faecal egg count reduction < 95%, was found in 14 out of 17 stables. In 2 of the 14 stables the egg reductions were close to the limit of 95%, 91 and 93%, respectively. In 1 stable the egg reductions indicated resistance to PYR as well as detection of resistance to FBZ, 94% reduction for PYR and 85% for FBZ. No signs of resistance were detected to IVM. The investigation was performed in late autumn and winter, and due to the climatic conditions and cleaning procedures in the stables no reinfection took place during this period. The faecal egg count reduction from treatment till day 90 post treatment was used as an expression of the effect of PYR and IVM on the early stage (hypobiotic), late third stage and fourth stage larvae in the gut wall. This was justified because there was no reinfection and because the 14 day post treatment egg counts were zero or close to zero for the PYR and IVM treatment groups. The effects of PYR and IVM on the larval stages were compared and no statistically significant differences were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Anthelmintic effect of levamisole against Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice.

Levamisole, in dosages of 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg/day, was given orally by orogastric tube beginning 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after the infection of ICR mice with 50 third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Medication was given for 7, 14 or 21 consecutive days. The mice in each group were sacrificed 3 days after cessation of treatment and the brains were examined for parasites. Complete anthelmintic effects could be obtained when treatment was started 10 days post-infection with dosages as low as 2.5 mg/kg/day for 21 consecutive days. Over 90% worm reduction was achieved in the two-week treatment group with medication beginning 5 days after infection at diverse dosages. High dose were given in the treatment groups beginning 15 days post-infection. When the commencement of medication was delayed to 20 days post-infection, worm reduction rates were around 50% in spite of long periods and/or high dosages of medication.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis↗
PubMed1977

[Anthelmintic therapy with mebendazole in children with broncho-pulmonary infections (author's transl)].

The fact that the incidence of infection significantly increases in patients being a poor physical condition is commonly known. Especially in children a high rate of helminthic infection is to be expected as could be assessed by the present investigation. The easy diagnostic technique can now be combined with a highly effective new treatment, extremely well tolerated and devoid of side effects. Results obtained with the new polyvalent anthelmintic Mebendazole are described in the present study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An analysis of the results of histological and histochemical research on the integumental tissues and the digestive system of nematodes of the suborder Strongylata after the use of anthelmintics].

The analysis of the action of various anthelmintics on the integuments and digestive system of Strongylate nematodes indicated that all the used agents caused varying structural disorders. The swelling of the cuticle and its detachment from the subcuticle occurred with the overwhelming majority of the anthelminths on the integuments of the Strongylate nematodes. The digestive system showed an ample epithelial vacuolation in the intestinal wall, as well as swelling and destruction in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Almost all the used agent lowered the levels of glycogen and RNA in the tissue of Strongylate nematodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Anthelmintic treatment to eradicate cutaneous capillariasis in a colony of South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis).

The nematode Capillaria xenopodis (Pseudocapillaroides xenopi), a skin parasite of South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis), is quite common in laboratory animal facilities. It causes serious skin changes and may further lead to wasting and death of affected frogs. Various treatment protocols, using the anthelmintics ivermectin and levamisole, were successively tested for practicability of elimination of the parasite from a colony of clawed frogs. Nematodes were reduced below diagnostic levels by various methods of application of ivermectin (orally or by injection into the dorsal lymph sac, twice at intervals of 10 to 14 days). However, nematodes were found again in the treated animals 1 to 3 months later. Treatment by use of ivermectin-medicated tank water is not feasible due to its low water solubility. Elimination of the parasite was reliably achieved by use of levamisole-medicated tank water. Relapses were not seen during the 18-month posttreatment observation period. Levamisole concentration was 12 mg/L of water, with 4.17, 5.00, or 6.25 L of tank water/frog, and 50, 60, or 75 mg of levamisole available/frog, for at least 4 days, with treatments repeated after 10 to 14 days. Results were reproducible in two trials each with five tanks containing, in turn, four or five frogs each. A treatment trial carried out with a group of 20 adult frogs exposed to 12 mg of levamisole/L of tank water, but with only 2.5 L of tank water/frog (i.e., only 30 mg of levamisole available/animal), was not effective in eradicating the parasites. Not only the drug concentration, but also the amount of drug available per animal seems to be of importance. In contrast to thiabendazole, which is often reported in literature as treatment for cutaneous capillariasis, negative side effects were not observed with use of levamisole.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Anthelmintic efficacy against tissue-arrested larvae of Ancylostoma caninum in murine hosts.

Third-stage larvae of the major human and canine Ancylostoma hookworm species have the capacity to undergo developmental arrest in the somatic tissues of an infected host. Arrested larvae reactivate at opportune periods such as pregnancy, which results in the transmammary transmission of infection to the nursing neonates. Using murine paratenic hosts to focus specifically on tissue-arrested stages of Ancylostoma caninum, the present study found that neither recommended nor elevated doses of commonly used anthelmintics were effective in eliminating latent infections at the accepted standard of greater than 90% reduction in parasite burden. Of the drugs tested, i.e., pyrantel, fenbendazole, ivermectin, and milbemycin, ivermectin was the most effective and engendered an 80% reduction in the burden of tissue-arrested A. caninum larvae but only if administered repeatedly or at elevated doses. Studies in 2 inbred mouse strains, BALB/c (H-2b) and C57BL/6 (H-2d), that typically display divergent immune responses to various infections showed no significant differences in the efficacies of the drugs tested. The results of this study indicate that there is still a need for effective strategies of eradicating latent infections with tissue-arrested hookworm larvae.

Ancylostomiasis↗