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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Preparation and identification of anti-2, 4-dinitrophenyl monoclonal antibodies.

2, 4-Dinitrophenyl (DNP) is a widely used hapten in molecular biology and immunoassay fields. Considering that 2, 4-dintrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) could be used as DNA probe and bind with protein carbonyl to form a stable 2 4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) hydrazone product, on which the level of oxidative stress could be validated with a sensitive noncompetitive ELISA, we prepared DNP-aminocaproic acid and NHS-aminocaproic acid-dinitrobenzene and the conjugates between DNP and carrier proteins such as bovine thyroglobulin (BTG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). High titer antibody producing spleen cells were removed and fused with myeloma cells of SP2/0 origin. Using a conventional immunization protocol, twenty stable murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) producing cell lines to DNP were generated. The donor mouse produced antiserum with a high titer of 1/1,280,000. Five MAbs were selected for further characterization as class and subclass. After four successive limiting dilutions, antibodies were produced by five clones with high affinities ranging from 10(10) to 10(11) M(-1). These clones were found to be of IgG(1) subclass with kappa and lambda light chain. Competitive ELISA and SPR-based sensing system for the detection of DNPH are both used to confirm the specificity of MAb (4D(9)A(9)C(2)C(2)).

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1999

An integrated study of fibrinogen during blood coagulation.

The rate of conversion of fibrinogen (Fg) to the insoluble product fibrin (Fn) is a key factor in hemostasis. We have developed methods to quantitate fibrinopeptides (FPs) and soluble and insoluble Fg/Fn products during the tissue factor induced clotting of whole blood. Significant FPA generation (>50%) occurs prior to visible clotting (4 +/- 0.2 min) coincident with factor XIII activation. At this time Fg is mostly in solution along with high molecular weight cross-linked products. Cross-linking of gamma-chains is virtually complete (5 min) prior to the release of FPB, a process that does not occur until after clot formation. FPB is detected still attached to the beta-chain throughout the time course demonstrating release of only low levels of FPB from the clot. After release of FPB a carboxypeptidase-B-like enzyme removes the carboxyl-terminal arginine resulting exclusively in des-Arg FPB by the 20-min time point. This process is inhibited by epsilon-aminocaproic acid. These results demonstrate that transglutaminase and carboxypeptidase enzymes are activated simultaneously with Fn formation. The initial clot is a composite of Fn I and Fg already displaying gamma-gamma cross-linking prior to the formation of Fn II with Bbeta-chain remaining mostly intact followed by the selective degradation of FPB to des-Arg FPB.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Suppression of cytomegalovirus infection in cell system by fullerene amino acid derivates].

Effects of two water-soluble derivatives of fullerene C60-o-aminocaproic acid (C60-ACA) and C60 sodium salt of omega-aminocaproic acid (C60-Na-ACA) on in vitro cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were studied. C60-Na-ACA 4-5-fold inhibited the cytopathic effect of CMV in comparison with C60-ACA, the effective dose for C60-Na-ACA being 0.6 microgram/ml and that for C60-ACA 2.7 micrograms/ml. Immunocytochemical analysis of virus proteins in infected cells has shown that C60-Na-ACA inhibits the production of late structural CMV protein gB, but does not modify the expression of immediate early nonstructural protein IEp72. Studies of cell viability, growth characteristics, and DNA synthesis revealed that the cytotoxic effect of C60-Na-ACA on human diploid fibroblasts in negligible, the cytotoxicity index varying from 160 to 1500 micrograms/ml in different tests. Selectivity index for C60-Na-ACA is 267-2500, which differs negligibly from that of gancyclovir (100-1000), while the cytotoxicity of C60-Na-ACA is essentially lower.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1998

The p11 subunit of the annexin II tetramer plays a key role in the stimulation of t-PA-dependent plasminogen activation.

Annexin II tetramer (AIIt) is an important endothelial cell surface protein receptor for plasminogen and t-PA. AIIt, a heterotetramer, is composed of two p36 subunits (called annexin II) and two p11 subunits. In this report, we have compared the ability of the isolated p36 and p11 subunits to stimulate t-PA-dependent [Glu]plasminogen activation. The fluid-phase recombinant p11 subunit stimulated the rate of t-PA-dependent activation of [Glu]plasminogen about 46-fold compared to an approximate stimulation of 2-fold by the recombinant p36 subunit and 77-fold by recombinant AIIt. The stimulation of t-PA-dependent activation of [Glu]plasminogen by the p11 subunit was Ca2+-independent and inhibited by epsilon-aminocaproic acid. [Glu]Plasminogen bound to a p11 subunit affinity column and could be eluted with epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Both AIIt and the p11 subunit protected t-PA and plasmin from inactivation by PAI-1 and alpha2-antiplasmin, respectively. A peptide to the C terminus of the p11 subunit (85-Y-F-V-V-H-M-K-Q-K-G-K-K-96) inhibited the p11-dependent stimulation of t-PA-dependent plasminogen activation. In addition, a deletion mutant of the p11 subunit, missing the last two C-terminal lysine residues, retained only about 15% of the activity of the wild-type p11 subunit. Similarly, a mutant AIIt composed of the wild-type p36 subunit and the p11 subunit deletion mutant possessed about 12% of the wild-type activity. These results, therefore, suggest that the C-terminal lysine residues of the p11 subunit bind plasminogen and participate in the stimulation of t-PA-dependent activation of plasminogen by AIIt.

Aminocaproic Acid↗
PubMed1998

Traumatic hyphema: outcomes of outpatient management.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of outpatient and inpatient management of layered hyphema. DESIGN: The charts of all patients with traumatic layered hyphema treated in the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Emergency Ward between January 1991 and November 1995 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with a diagnosis of microscopic hyphema, ruptured globe, or posterior segment injury other than commotio retinae on their initial emergency department visit were excluded. The study patients were compared with an historic control group of patients with hyphema who had been treated at the same institution from July 1986 to February 1989. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 154 patients met the study criteria. These were compared with 119 patients in the historic control group. INTERVENTION: Of the study patients, 5% were admitted on the day of presentation, 95% were treated initially as outpatients, and 4% subsequently were admitted. All of the patients in the historic control group were treated with initial hospital admission. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rebleed rates of the study and control groups were compared. The final recorded visual acuity and causes of best-corrected visual acuity worse than 20/30 were analyzed for the study group. RESULTS: The rebleed rates of the study group and the historic control group were 4.5% and 5.0%, respectively (P > 0.05). The rebleed rates of the study patients initially treated as outpatients and the historic control group were 3.4% and 5%, respectively (P > 0.05). The rebleed rates of study patients who did not receive aminocaproic acid and the subset of historic control patients who received aminocaproic acid were 3.3% and 4.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). Ninety-six percent of study patients achieved a final best-corrected visual acuity of 20/30 or better. Causes of a final documented visual acuity worse than 20/30 included loss of patient follow-up before resolution of the hyphema, traumatic cataract, macular hole, and macular degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: In the authors' predominantly white patient population, close outpatient follow-up of traumatic hyphemas appears to be safe and effective. Hospitalization for hyphema does not appear to decrease the rate of rebleeding. Decreased vision in the setting of traumatic hyphema generally results from comorbidities not affected by inpatient management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

An experimental study of the influence of antifibrinolytic therapy on post-subarachnoid-hemorrhagic cerebral vasospasm and hydrocephalus.

The incidence and severity of cerebral vasospasm and hydrocephalus following induced subarachnoid hemorrhage in an experimental group of animals that subsequently received epsilon-aminocaproic acid was compared to that seen in a control group that received no antifibrinolytic therapy. No augmentation of either vasospasm or hydrocephalus could be attributed to the epsilon-aminocaproic acid in the treated as compared to the control group.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed1997

Subarachnoid hemorrhage in the African-American population: a cooperative study.

The clinical outcome of patients following subarachnoid hemorrhage is complicated by delayed cerebral ischemia and contributing factors such as hypertension. To observe the impact of hypertension and delayed cerebral ischemia on the outcome of a predominantly African-American cohort following subarachnoid hemorrhage, both retrospective (n = 42) and prospective (n = 21) studies were conducted. In the total pool (n = 63), the mean age was 49.7 years (range: 17 to 80) with a preponderance of female patients (70%). Aneurysm formation was significant in the region of the posterior communicating artery. Of the patients reviewed, 73.8% had preexisting hypertension and 45.9% developed delayed cerebral ischemia. Approximately 89% of the patients who suffered from delayed cerebral ischemia had hypertension. Results failed to display any significant beneficial association between the use of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine and delayed cerebral ischemia. Use of the antifibrinolytic drug aminocaproic acid demonstrated a worse patient outcome. It is not recommended that aminocaproic acid be used in this population. Subsequently, due to the proportional occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia in hypertensive patients following subarachnoid hemorrhage, it is suggested that prophylactic surgical management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms be considered in hypertensive patients. Further study is needed to discern the association between hypertension, delayed cerebral ischemia, and stroke in patients following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Proteolytic mechanism of deproteinization of influenza virus by plasmatic membranes].

A mechanism responsible for proteolytic deproteinization of influenza virus A2 Hong-Kong (I)68 by plasmatic membranes of sensitive cells was studied. Presence of trypsinlike protease in plasmatic membranes of white mice lungs was demonstrated. A considerable inhibition of the membrane proteolitic activity was obtained in the presence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Disintegration of the virus labeled by [3H]uridine by plasmatic membranes was investigated and it was found that this process required ATP. Inhibition of the protease activity by epsilon-aminocaproic acid led to the suppression of deproteinization of influenza virus. The experimental data obtained indicate that the proteolytic enzymes of plasmatic membranes participate in the complex process of virus "uncoating".

Aminocaproic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hereditary angioedema by defict of C1 esterase. Our experience in 8 cases].

Eight cases of hereditary angioedema, all of them with low values of C1-sterase inhibitor are analyzed. In 7 cases the C3 and C4 components of the complement were assessed; the results showed marked descent of C4. The 8 patients came from 4 different families; only 2 of them were males. Six patients presented digestive disorders, reporting colic pain, nausea and vomiting. In 1 of them the abdominal picture was the only evidence of the disease. In 5 patients the angioedema episodes occurred following traumatisms and in 3 because of emotional states. The duration of the attacks varied from several hours to six days. There was a familial history in all cases. Three of the patients had repeated episodes of pharyngolaryngeal angioedema, two of them requiring emergency tracheotomy because of suffocating crisis. Six patients were treated with Epsilon aminocaproic acid (16 to 20 gr daily) or with tranexamic acid (1 to 3 gr. daily). In 4 cases the results were excellent with either of these antifibrinolytic drugs. No side effects were observed in the tranexamic acid therapy whilst they were frequent in the treatment with Epsilon aminocaproic acid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Proteolytic activity of maternal serum on newborn IgD-positive lymphocytes. Study with protease inhibitors.

We studied the effect of maternal serum on the surface IgD of newborn lymphocytes in the presence of protease inhibitors (epsilon-aminocaproic acid and Trasylol). Contact with maternal serum caused a significant reduction (p less than 0.000001) in the percentage of neonatal IgD-positive cells. The addition of either epsilon-aminocaproic acid or Trasylol significantly reduced this action of maternal serum (p l-ess than 0.00001 and p less than 0.0001), without difference between the effects of the two inhibitors (p greater than 0.05). We suggest, therefore, that activity of maternal serum is due, at least in part, to proteolytic enzymes, such as plasmin. The relative role of plasminogen and alpha2-macroglobulin in the incapacity of the newborn serum to reduce the number of IgD-positive lymphocytes is discussed.

Aminocaproic Acid↗
PubMed1970

Effects of omega-amino acids and related compounds on staphylococcal infections in mice: a combined prophylactic-therapeutic procedure.

By a short-term combined prophylactic-therapeutic procedure, the following compounds were found to be active against staphylococcal infections in Swiss mice: gamma-aminobutyric acid, gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB), delta-amino-valeric acid (DAVA), epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (trans-AMCHA), taurine, and cysteic acid. Many of these compounds had displayed limited or no activity by a previously used prophylactic procedure. Although DAVA and GABOB were the most potent of the straight-chain omega-amino acids, trans-AMCHA displayed the greatest antistaphylococcic activity of the omega-amino acids thus far investigated. Homocarnosine (gamma-aminobutyrl histidine, which also was active by the prophylactic procedure) equalled trans-AMCHA in activity. Taurine was similar in potency to DAVA, and the activity of cysteic acid approximated that of EACA.

Alanine↗
PubMed2003

Chloride present in biological samples as a tool for enhancement of sensitivity in capillary zone electrophoretic analysis of anionic trace analytes.

Effects originating from the variability of the sample matrix can be efficiently eliminated when the separation conditions are selected so that compounds of like charge with high concentration referred to as macrocomponents are embodied into the system of transient isotachophoresis. For stacking and separation of anionic trace analytes in biological samples, the presence of chloride is shown to be important to balance out effects of other macrocomponents that act against isotachophoretic stacking. Having acetoacetate, malate, citrate, and some drug metabolites in untreated human serum samples, the stacking mechanism of these compounds in an electrolyte system comprising 5 mM mandelic acid and epsilon -aminocaproic acid, pH 3.8, is explained. Analytes are monitored by indirect UV-absorption detection. Attention is paid to the minimum chloride concentration required with respect to the concentration ratio of phosphate (stacker) and lactate (destacker) present in the sample so as to ensure both stacking and separation of trace analytes. Insight into the separation process is given both with computer simulations and experiments. For selected analytes, the effect of chloride concentration on quantitative evaluation, sensitivity and limit of detection is demonstrated as well. Moreover, the applicability of the mobility window between phosphate and lactate for an additional group of metabolites is sketched.

Anions↗
PubMed1993

Biochemical aspects of autologous fibrin glue derived from ammonium sulfate precipitation.

The autologous fibrin glue (AFG) was produced from 30 human donors using the ammonium sulfate precipitation method, and a study of its biochemical composition was performed. The fibrinogen concentration ranged 13 to 57 mg/mL, the yield averaged 54.6%, and there was a direct relationship between the level of fibrinogen in plasma and AFG which had been made from the same donor's plasma. Our results suggest that the quality of this category of AFG depends partially on the fibrinogen level of donor's plasma. Quality control of the AFG is discussed. Additionally, the effectiveness of three fibrinolysis inhibitors were compared to find an optimum one which inhibits autofibrinolysis of this glue. Tranexamic acid and epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) were acceptable alternatives to aprotinin.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1994

Cardiac anesthesia risk management. Hemorrhage, coagulation, and transfusion: a risk-benefit analysis.

Transfusion risks include the possibility of ABO/Rh incompatibility, sepsis, febrile reactions, immunosuppression, and viral transmission; incidences and consequences of these complications are reviewed. Predonation of autologous blood generally reduces the need for homologous blood by about 30% to 40%, but relatively few coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) patients predonate blood. Drug products to decrease blood use include 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and aprotinin. A recent study suggests that a subgroup of patients with abnormal platelet function may benefit from a platelet therapy such as DDAVP. The prophylactic use of tranexamic acid reduces cardiac surgery postoperative blood loss, as measured by chest-tube output, by about 30%; unfortunately, data demonstrating a reduction in transfusion requirements are not available. Aprotinin use is associated with major reductions in blood transfusion requirements. Aprotinin provides platelet protection during cardiopulmonary bypass. Duration of stay in the intensive care unit was not increased by use of aprotinin, thus alleviating some concerns that aprotinin might promote coronary thrombosis. A recent report cites early graft closure as a major concern with aprotinin therapy, but data from other studies show no significant differences in rates of graft closure between patients receiving and those not receiving aprotinin. Routine use of a thromboelastogram with all cardiopulmonary bypass surgery at the University of Washington Hospital has reduced use of blood products by 30%.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMed2005

Novel fragmentation pathway for CID of (b(n) - 1 + Cat)+ ions from model, metal cationized peptides.

We report a new fragmentation pathway for the CID of (b3 - 1 + Cat)+ product ions derived from the model peptide AXAG, where X = beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid, or 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid. By changing the amino acid to the C-terminal side of the amino acid X, and incorporating 15N and 13C labeled residues at the same position, we conclude that the dissociation pathway most likely leads to a metal cationized nitrile. With respect to the various amino acids at position X, the putative nitrile product becomes more prominent, relative to the conventional (a3 - 1 + Cat)+ species, in the order beta-alanine < gamma-aminobutyric acid < epsilon-aminocaproic acid < 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid. The pathway is not observed for peptides with alpha-amino acids at position X. The product ion is observed most prominently during the CID of Li+ and Na+ cationized peptides, only to a small extent for Ag+ cationized peptides, and not at all from protonated analogues.

Cations↗
PubMed1996

23Na NMR study of the effect of organic osmolytes on DNA counterion atmosphere.

The effect of different organic osmolytes on the DNA counterion condensation layer has been investigated by 23Na NMR relaxation measurements. The zwitterionic compounds glycine, beta-alanine, 4-aminobutyric acid, and 6-aminocaproic acid have shown an increasing capacity to decrease the amount of sodium ions in the vicinity of the macromolecule. The experimental data have been correlated with the dielectric constant increase in their corresponding solutions and have been compared with the prediction of counterion condensation theory. Polyols (sorbitol and mannitol) did not display the same effect. These compounds largely increase the relaxation rate of sodium ions in the proximity of DNA, unlike the zwitterionic compounds. This probably results from a perturbation of the water dynamic around the macromolecule, of the primary or secondary hydration shell of the sodium nuclei involved, or both.

Alcohols↗
PubMed2001

Synthesis and activity on human neutrophil functions of fMLF-OMe analogs containing alkyl spacers at the central position.

We report here the synthesis and activity of new analogs of the N-formyl and N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) derivatives of the tripeptide Met-Leu-Phe-OMe containing an achiral omega-amino acid residue replacing the hydrophobic central leucine. The tripeptides HCO-Met-NH-(CH2)n-CO-Phe-OMe and Boc-Met-NH-(CH2)n-CO-Phe-OMe (n = 3-5) containing the central homomorphic residue of 5-aminopentanoic acid (delta-aminovaleric acid; delta-Ava; n = 4) and the two non-homomorphic residues of 4-aminobutanoic acid (gamma-aminobutyric acid; gamma-Abu; n = 3) and 6-aminohexanoic acid (epsilon-aminocaproic acid; epsilon-Aca; n = 5) have been examined. The activity as agonists and antagonists in chemotaxis, lysozyme release, and superoxide anion production of the new analogs has been determined. The N-Boc derivatives 2a and 2b, incorporating the gamma-Abu and the delta-Ava residues, show good and selective antagonist activity on superoxide anion production.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Advances in the evaluation of the stability and characteristics of the amino acid and amine derivatives obtained with the o-phthaldialdehyde/3-mercaptopropionic acid and o-phthaldialdehyde/N-acetyl-L-cysteine reagents. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry study.

The composition of the amino acid and amine derivatives obtained with the o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA)/3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and with the OPA/N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reagents was investigated by on-line HPLC-electrospray ionization MS. The initially formed derivatives proved to be, as expected, the corresponding isoindoles while their transformed species contained one additional OPA molecule. Based on the MS spectra of all transformed OPA derivatives a reaction pathway is suggested. This reaction mechanism was supported both by the molecular ions of the endproducts and by the presence of several selective fragment ions that served as an explanation to the structure of the believed to be less stable OPA derivatives. It has been shown that more than one OPA derivative forms in all those cases when the compound to be derivatized does contain the NH2-CH2-R moiety. Thus, amino acids like e.g. glycine, histidine, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, ornithine, and also several aliphatic mono- and diamines provide more than one OPA derivative. Analytical consequences of this experience were utilized by altering the reagent's composition. Reagents containing mole ratios of [OPA]/[MPA] or [OPA]/[NAC]=1/50 resulted in two benefits, simultaneously: (i) in a decrease of the transformation rate of the initially formed derivative, and, (ii) in an increase of the overall stability of the total of derivatives.

3-Mercaptopropionic Acid↗