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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

New rapid latex agglutination test for diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis infection.

A newly developed latex agglutination test for Trichomonas vaginalis infection was compared for sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and positive and negative predictive values with microscopy, culture, and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of 395 women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic. T vaginalis infection was diagnosed in 42 (11%) women. The sensitivities of both the latex agglutination test and the ELISA were 95% compared with 74% for microscopy and 76% for culture. The latex test was specific and showed no cross reaction with a wide range of other genital tract infections. The latex agglutination test can detect antigen in both soluble and insoluble forms, and as it is simple to perform, can be undertaken during routine examination without recourse to special equipment or training. Further evaluation is required.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1987

Use of slide latex agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of vaginal candidosis.

A new slide latex agglutination test was compared with microscopy and culture for diagnosing vaginal candidosis in 367 women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic. Vaginal candidosis occurred in 10% of the patients, and 7% had commensal carriage of Candida spp. The slide latex agglutination test was superior to microscopy in immediate diagnosis and was rapid and simple to perform. Of the patients with vaginal candidosis, 72% were detected by slide latex agglutination test compared with 38% by microscopy. The test discriminated well between patients yielding cultures of Candida spp who had symptoms and signs and those who showed commensal carriage.

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of latex agglutination test for alpha-fetoprotein in diagnosing rupture of fetal membranes.

To assess the utility of a latex agglutination test for alpha-fetoprotein in vaginal fluid for diagnosing rupture of the fetal membranes, we tested 91 pregnant women, including 32 with an established rupture, 19 with no evidence of rupture and 40 with a suspected rupture. Results were compared with those of the pH indicator and the fern tests. The latex agglutination test had better sensitivity, specificity, or both, than the pH indicator and the fern tests. We conclude that the latex agglutination test is more accurate than either the pH indicator or the fern test for diagnosing premature rupture of fetal membranes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Role of cell surface receptor mobility in concanavalin A-induced agglutination of Novikoff hepatoma and normal rat liver cells.

The relationshio between Con A-receptor mobility and Con A-induced agglutination of Novikoff hepatoma and normal rat liver cells was investigated. Novikoff cells, incubated with fluorescein-labelled Con A at 3 degrees C displayed uniform, ring-like surface fluorescence. Increasing the temperature of the cells to 37 degrees C caused capping of Con A receptors in approximately 65% of the cells, a phenomenon that could be prevented by prefixing the cells with glutaraldehyde. In spite of these variations in Con A-receptor distribution, Con A-induced agglutination was remarkably constant over a temperature range from 3 to 37 degrees C. In contrast to Novikoff cells, normal hepatocytes displayed a uniform, ringlike surface fluorescence at both 3 and 37 degrees C. No capping was observed. However, hepatocytes, similar to Novikoff cells, were agglutinable by low concentrations of Con A. These findings indicate that, in this model system, Con A-induced cytoagglutination is not dependent upon long-range lateral mobility of Con A receptors. The qualitative differences in the lateral mobility of cell-surface Con A receptors of normal and malignant rat liver cells may represent a marker for neoplastioc transformation during hepatocarcinogenesis, adaptation to growth in ascitic form, or progression of a tumour to a more malignant state.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Determination of lectin-cell-binding parameters by a new agglutination technique.

We applied a recently described technique which is based on a light transmission/scattering method to determine the association characteristics of the Geodia lectin to sheep erythrocytes. The agglutination assays were performed in a total volume of 3 ml with 5.4 x 10(6) erythrocytes/ml. At a concentration of 360 ng/ml 50% of the lectin molecules were bound to the cells within the first 10 s of incubation. Scatchard analyses revealed an association constant (K(a)) of 0.9 +/- 0.1 x 10(8) M-1 and a number of 3.8 +/- 0.6 x 10(6) lectin binding sites on one erythrocyte. The method was also successfully applied to determine quantitatively the inhibitory potential of sugars competing with cell surface glycoproteins for the lectin binding site. At a lectin concentration of 360 ng/ml 1 mM of lactose or 70 mM of D-N-acetylgalactosamine are required to inhibit lectin-mediated agglutination by 50%. These analyses confirm the potential of the novel light absorption agglutination technique to evaluate lectin characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of a quantitative photometric latex agglutination immunoassay for alpha-foetoprotein.

A simple quantitative photometric method is described for the determination of serum alpha-foetoprotein using latex particle agglutination in an immunochemical system. This method is based on the quantitative photometric measurement of agglutination of latex particles coated with antibodies against alpha-foetoprotein. The turbidity is measured at a wavelength of 340 nm. Agglutination causes a decrease in absorbance. Interference by serum constituents, e.g. rheumatoid factors, are avoided by pretreating the serum samples with buffered polyethylene glycol. Concentrations of 0 to 640 micrograms/l were used for the standard curve. Analytical recoveries were 99.5 to 105.2%. Maximum within and between runs coefficients of variation were 6.2 and 11.6%. The correlation coefficient of the method with radioimmunoassay (RIA), calculated from results on 117 serum samples, was 0.997, and the regression equation y = 0.99x (RIA) - 7.23.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1999

Effect of freeze-dried bone and a dextran agglutinant on the healing of defects in the rat mandible.

The effects of inorganic, freeze-dried bone, alone or mixed with a dextran agglutinant, on the repair of experimentally created critical-size bone defects were evaluated in the rat mandible. Histological data demonstrated a progressive resorption of the freeze-dried bone particles, without osseous proliferation into the defect, and a posterior foreign-body reaction. These results indicate that the freeze-dried bone did not induce bony healing in the critical-size defect and that the addition of dextran agglutinant did not change the tissue response. Dextran may have other applications as a biocompatible, resorbable agglutinant.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A continuously rotating passive agglutination method using rapidly precipitable latex particles and its application.

A new passive agglutination method is reported. Large, very heavy, uniform latex particles coated with antigens or antibodies were mixed with corresponding antibodies or antigens in reacting wells of an appropriate shape and size. Agglutination results were read after 30 min of continuous rotation at a suitable speed. With this simple and rapid continuously rotating passive agglutination method, we could detect anti-dinitrophenol monoclonal antibodies, natural anti-dinitrophenol antibodies, rheumatoid factor, allergic antibody to tick, human chorionic gonadotrophin and human IgE. This method is suitable to detect weak and small quantities of antibodies in a brief time.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A rapid latex agglutination test for detection of elevated levels of myoglobin in serum and its value in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

A latex agglutination test for detection of elevated levels of myoglobin in serum has been studied, and its clinical value in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been evaluated on a retrospective material of fifty-five patients consecutively admitted to hospital on suspicion for AMI within 4 h after onset of symptoms. The analysis time was less than 10 min. There was no evidence of interference with other related proteins, as judged from analysis of sera with high content of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, nor was the test sensitive to haemolysis. However, unspecific agglutination was seen with some sera containing a high concentration of rheumatoid factors. In sera with known concentrations of myoglobin, quantitated by a radioimmunoassay, the test was negative in all sera below 80 micrograms/l (n = 187), and positive in all sera above 140 micrograms/l (n = 209). In the range 80-140 micrograms/l the latex test could be either positive or negative (n = 105). The day-to-day reproducibility was high in the ranges below 80 micrograms/l and above 140 micrograms/l, but range 80-140 micrograms/l. In the diagnosis of AMI the predictive value of a positive result was 0.64, and the predictive value of a negative result was 1.0. The latex agglutination test is therefore clinically useful as an emergency test, and as a very early and sensitive indicator for AMI. Patients with a negative test result during the first 12 h after debut of symptoms can with great certainty be identified as not suffering from AMI, whereas patients with a positive test result should be monitored by further laboratory analyses.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Sensitivity and specificity of the semiquantitative latex agglutination D-dimer assay for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism as defined by computed tomographic angiography.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the semiquantitative latex agglutination plasma fibrin D-dimer assay for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism by using computed tomographic (CT) angiography as the diagnostic reference standard. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1, 1998, to June 26, 2000, patients who had both semiquantitative latex agglutination plasma fibrin D-dimer testing and CT angiography for suspected acute pulmonary embolism were selected for the study. A D-dimer value greater than 250 ng/mL was considered positive for thromboembolic disease. Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism was based solely on the interpretation of the CT angiogram. The D-dimer assay results were then compared with the CT angiographic diagnoses. RESULTS: Of 946 CT studies, 172 (18%) were positive for acute pulmonary embolism. The D-dimer assay was positive for 612 (65%) of the 946 patients. For acute pulmonary embolism, the D-dimer assay had a sensitivity of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.88), a specificity of 039 (95% CI, 036-0.43), a negative likelihood ratio of 0.44 (95 % CI, 032-0.62), and a negative predictive value of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87-0.94). CONCLUSIONS: The semiquantitative latex agglutination plasma fibrin D-dimer assay had moderate sensitivity and low specificity for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. When used alone, the results of this test were insufficient to exclude this serious and potentially fatal disorder. Approximately two thirds of our patients had positive D-dimer assays and required further evaluation to exclude acute pulmonary embolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Platelet-agglutinating protein p37 from a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura has characteristics similar to prethrombin 2.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by widespread platelet thrombi in arterioles and capillaries. Unusually large or multimeric von Willebrand factor, as well as one or more platelet-agglutinating factors, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of TTP. But, the actual mechanisms of platelet agglutination have not been satisfactorily explained. Recent studies suggested the 37-kDa platelet-agglutinating protein (PAP) p37 to be partially responsible for the formation of platelet thrombi in patients with TTP. We studied mobility in SDS-PAGE, the sequence of N-terminal amino acid residues, DNA and antigenic characteristics of PAP p37, which might be related to the pathogenesis of TTP. PAP p37 was purified from the plasma of a 31-year-old male Korean patient with acute TTP. The findings are as follows: (1) We compared PAP p37 with thrombin through the use of SDS-PAGE, either with or without beta-mercaptoethanol. PAP p37 did not appear to be cleaved between the A- and B-chains of prethrombin 2. However, thrombin did cleave between those of prethrombin 2, but linked with disulfide bridge. (2) N-terminal 21 amino acid sequence of PAP p37 was T-F-G-S-G- E-A-D-X-G-L-R-P-L-F-E-K-K-S-L-E. It appeared to be identical to that of 285-305 amino acid residues of human prothrombin (prethrombin 2). (3) No prothrombin gene DNA mutation was revealed. (4) The antigenicity of PAP p37 was similar to thrombin, which was a result of the competitive binding against the anti-thrombin antibody. With these results, we conclude that PAP p37 has similar characteristics to prethrombin2.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Trypanosomosis agglutination card test for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a simple field test for diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in man. DESIGN: Trypanosomosis Agglutination Card Test (TACT) was developed for the diagnosis of sleeping sickness due to Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection, based on stabilised procyclic forms derived from Utat 4.1. Procyclics were fixed in buffered formalin at 4 degrees for 24 hours and further stabilised in acid/alcohol mixture for 30 minutes. The fixed antigen was stained with Coomassie blue and suspended in 0.1 M PBS/sodium azide buffer pH 7.2 at a concentration of 1 x 10(8) trypanosomes/ml and kept at room temperature. This antigen was used to screen 100 sera from rabbits infected with T. b. rhodesiense, eight from normal rabbits, and 220 only sera 60 of which were from sleeping sickness patients, 50 from normal persons and 110 from other parasitic infections. SETTING: Laboratory testing of the antigen types against the rabbit and human sera infected with cloned variable antigen types of T. b. rhodesiense, was routinely carried on test cards under room temperature. SUBJECTS/PARTICIPANTS: Serum samples from normal and infected rabbits and human subjects. RESULTS: All sera from infected rabbits and 59 from sleeping sickness patients reacted strongly with the antigen showing agglutination reaction which ranged from 1:4 to 1:1024 serum dilution. There was minimal cross reaction with other parasitic infections as follows: one out of 20 malaria patients none of the 20 hookworm patients, one out of 30 for schistosomiasis patients, none of the 10 amoebiasis patients and one out of 20 for filariasis patients. Agglutination titres from all these non-sleeping sickness patients were below 1:16. Based on rabbit positive and negative sera, TACT gave a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 80% while for human sera a sensitivity of 98.3% and specificity of 96% were observed. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results show that TACT could be a promising screening field test for T. b. rhodesiense sleeping sickness.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heat inactivation of the neuraminidase and haemagglutinin estimated in the agglutination-separation reactions using red blood cells sensitized with Newcastle disease virus.

The agglutination-separation (AS) reactions estimate the effects of heat on the release of altered Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and HN glycoprotein spikes from red blood cells (RBC) sensitized with NDV (SRBC), the inactivations of the neuraminidase (NA), then the haemagglutinin (HA) in a direct assay. Heating SRBC for 1.5 min at 56 degrees C inactivated the NA by 50%; after 4.5 min no separation occurred indicating 100% inactivation of the NA. Heating a suspension of NDV for 78 min inactivated the NA 50% as assayed by cleavage of fetuin. Comparatively, the AS test was up to 52-fold (78 min/1.5 min = 52) more efficient in detecting NA inactivation than was the basic reference test where cleavage of fetuin was assayed. The HA was 50% inactivated after 18 min of heating and 100% inactivated after 36 min as no agglutination was seen. Free HA on SRBC was agglutinated by and thus was titrated with the sialic acid on NRBC. The large area of RBC increased the efficiency of the AS test when compared with tests using suspensions of NDV. At 51-60 degrees C all NA and HA inactivations were sequential, and invariably the NA was more heat labile than the HA. The release of altered NDV and HN spikes was inhibited with mild heat although the separation of SRBC and NRBC continued. Biological purifications showed that the heat stability of the HA and the lability of the NA were genetically stable.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Whole blood agglutination D-dimer test for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a clinical syndrome the clinical diagnosis of which is unreliable and objective tests often require specialized testing facilities. The authors examined the diagnostic accuracy of the whole blood agglutination D-dimer (SimpliRED) test in this condition. Patients who presented with acute onset of leg swelling were included in the study. Whole blood agglutination D-dimer test was performed upon admission and followed by the gold standard test, contrast venography. Forty three patients had venography proven DVT and proximal occlusion was found in 31 of them. The sensitivity and specificity of the test for DVT were 88.4 per cent and 53 per cent respectively while the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative predictive value (NPV) were 82.6 per cent and 64.3 per cent. Interestingly, when focusing the diagnosis on proximal DVT, the sensitivity and NPV rose to 100 per cent, whereas, the specificity and PPV remained unchanged (48.3 and 67.4%). In conclusion, whole blood agglutination D-dimer test (SimpliRED) was sensitive but not specific for DVT diagnosis. Moreover, when focusing the diagnosis on proximal DVT, the test had excellent sensitivity and NPV. This test, therefore, can be an effective screening tool for the high embolic risk proximal DVT.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Differentiation of swine-Mycoplasma by latex-agglutination (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: The strains of Mycoplasma were grown in Shittlestone medium for 3-5 days. After centrifugation and washing, the mycoplasm were freeze-dried and stored at -20 degrees C. From this stock material immune sera and antigens were prepared. The immune sera were prepared by immunization of rabbits with a suspension of mycoplasma (2,2 mg dry weight per ml) and complete Freund's adjuvant. For the first immunication, 6.6 mg of antigen were injected into rabbits at different sites. 3 weeks later the second immunization followed by the intramuscular route (4.4 mg of antigen). The third and fourth immunizations were identical to the second one. Antiserum was obtained as usual. In order to avoid unspecific reactions in the latex agglutination, 1 ml of antiserum was added for absorption to 200 mg of freeze-dried sterile Whittlestone medium over 2 days at 4 degrees C. Antigen was prepared by ultrasonic disruption of mycoplasma (20 mg dry weight/ml physiological saline) and centrifugation 17300 X g, 30 min). The supernatant was used as antigen. The latex agglutination was performed in 0.1 M borate buffer pH 8,2. For preparation of the latex antigen compound 0.2 ml of a latex suspension (diluted 5 fold with water) were moxed with 0.5 ml of an antigen suspension (diluted 16 fold with buffer). After 10 min at room temperature, 4.3 ml of borate buffer were added. After 10 min, 0.3 ml of this solution were added again each to 0.3 ml of serial dilutions of anitserum. The suspensions were mixed and left for 20 h at 37 degrees C and after this time for 1 h at room temperature. Then the reactions were read. RESULTS: M. suipneumoniae and M. hyopneumoniae were found to be identical or very close related strains. Between M. hyorhinis and M. sp. E9 relationship was noted too. M. granularum was different to all other investigated strains of mycoplasma. All results of Latex agglutination are in agreement with investigations performed with the aid of other serological methods and of electrophoretic separations of cell proteins of these mycoplasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Platelet-agglutinating protein p37 from a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura plasma forms complexes with platelet membrane glycoprotein IV (CD36).

We have previously reported the purification of a 37 kDa platelet agglutinating protein (PAPp37) from the plasma of a patient with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and have shown recently that p37 causes platelet agglutination through its binding to membrane glycoprotein IV (GPIV). To gain further insight into the mechanism of p37 binding to GPIV, we have studied the interaction between p37 and GPIV. We now demonstrate specific complex formation of p37 with GPIV. In Western immunoblotting p37 binds to purified GPIV and the complex formed between the two proteins was detected by polyclonal antibody to p37 and peroxidase conjugated second antibody. No binding of p37 was noticed with the purified GPIIIa. A solid phase binding assay was developed to study the complex formation. Microtiter wells were coated with GPIV and the control proteins; 125I-p37 was added, allowed to bind and bound radioactivity was measured. Several lines of evidence indicate that the binding of p37 to GPIV was specific. a) GPIV immobilized on Immulon-2 wells bound 10-30 fold more p37 than immobilized fibrinogen, GPIIIa, and BSA. b) Polyclonal antibodies against p37 and GPIV inhibited the binding by 39-68% as compared with control IgG. c) GPIIIa antibody did not inhibit the binding. Molecular sieve chromatography of a mixture of 125I-p37 and GPIV also revealed the fluid phase complex formation ranging in molecular weight from 132,000 to over 350,000 daltons. These results show the specific interaction between p37 and GPIV and suggest that GPIV functions as a p37 receptor during platelet agglutination.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

Re-evaluation of ELISA and latex agglutination test for rheumatoid factor detection in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.

An indirect ELISA for the determination of each isotype (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE) of rheumatoid factors (RF) was performed with sera obtained from 77 patients with either classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 319 controls, using rabbit IgG as the antigen. The results were compared with those of a commercial latex agglutination test, using denatured human gamma globulin as the antigen for rheumatoid factor determination. At the cut-off level at which positive results were found in less than 5% of normal controls, ELISA for IgM RF determination had sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 46.75%, 98.12%, 88.13%, 85.71%, 88.41%, while those for IgA RF were 46.75%, 93.42%, 84.34%, 63.16%, 87.91% and for IgG RF were 59.74%, 92.16%, 85.86%, 64.78%, 90.46%, respectively. These indices by latex agglutination test were 83.11%, 93.73%, 91.67%, 76.19% and 95.83%, respectively. IgD RF titre greater than or equal to 1:5 was detected in 19/77 RA patients and 4/200 normal controls while IgE RF titre greater than or equal to 1:5 was detected only in 7/77 RA patients. Thus, ELISA did not appear to have any advantage over latex agglutination test for diagnosis of RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of antibodies to opiate receptors by latex agglutination and immunoenzyme analysis].

Adsorption ability of few kinds of latex covered by synthetic peptide fragments of mu- and delta-opiate receptors (OR) is investigated. The levels of autoantibodies to opiate receptors fragments in the blood serum of patients with drug abuse are detected by latex agglutination and ELISA. The patients with drug abuse demonstrated positive latex agglutination reaction for level specific antibodies from 10.4 mg/ml and higher in the 71.4% of cases. The levels of autoantibodies to OR in the blood of patients with drug abuse was in 2.8 times higher of control data. The correlation between levels of autoantibodies to opiate receptors obtained by methods of latex agglutination and ELISA is revealed. The obtained data confirms our hypothesis concerning existence of specific changes in immune system linked with some CNS disorders like drug abuse. Thus, the level of autoantibodies to opiate receptors could be used as new criterion for diagnostics of opiate abuse.

Adolescent↗