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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Continuous ultrasound B-scanning of palpable breast masses.

Of 210 pathologically confirmed palpable breast masses examined by continuous ultrasound B-scanning using a 2.5- or 7-MHz transducer and mammography, fluid filled cysts more than 1 cm in diameter were diagnosed accurately in 75 cases. Of the 103 solid masses studied by echography, 31 were circumscribed (29 benign fibroadenomas and 2 circumscribed medullary carcinomas) and 72 were not. Infiltrating carcinoma represented the majority of the latter type, although 2 cases of chronic inflammation had the same echographic appearance. Thirty palpable breast masses less than 2 cm in diameter were not delineated with the 2.5-MHz transducer, and biopsy showed benign disease. The combiantion of mammography and continuous ultrasound B-scanning of palpable breast masses improved the diagnostic accuracy obtained with mammography alone and aided in the differentiation of nondiagnostic mammograms.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasound mammography.

Ultrasound mammography was performed with unique, high resolution equipment which displays changes in acoustic properties of tissues through a calibrated gray scale. Color-coded isodensitometry was used to assist in the differential diagnosis. The rate of agreement between the ultrasound and pathological diagnoses was 86.7%. The false negative and false positive rates were 7.6% and 18.5%, respectively. Three problems must be solved before ultrasound mammography can be used as a screening device: First, additional clinical data must be accumulated. Second, the number of ultrasonograms needed for diagnosis must be reduced. Third, special equipment designed for ultrasound mammography must be developed.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1977

Gray-scale echography for breast cancer.

Gray-scale echography offers considerable potential as a diagnostic modality for the visualization of pathological processes in breast diseases such as carcinoma, benign cyst, fibroadenoma, mastopathy and others and is complementary to conventional techniques. Differential diagnosis of breast tumors was carried out based upon the echographic findings such as the boundary echo and shape, internal echo, and retromammary or retrotumorous shadowing. Typical echographic displays for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors from other breast lesions are presented and discussed.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1994

Endovaginal sonographic appearance of benign ovarian masses.

This article illustrates the different appearances of benign ovarian and paraovarian masses at endovaginal sonography. A retrospective study was performed of the records for 118 patients with 140 surgically proved benign adnexal masses, including dermoid cysts (n = 27), endometriomas (n = 40), epithelial inclusion cysts (n = 14), serous cystadenomas (n = 11), mucinous cystadenomas (n = 14), fibromas (n = 11), cystadenofibromas (n = 12), paratubal cysts (n = 5), hydrosalpinges (n = 3), and tubo-ovarian abscesses (n = 3). Preoperative diagnosis was made in 96% of the dermoid cysts on the basis of a hyperechoic attenuating component or multiple small horizontal interfaces and in 100% of uncomplicated fibromas on the basis of a hypoechoic attenuating mass. There was an overlap among the endovaginal sonographic appearances of the other condition.

Abscess↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasound visualization of the breast in symptomatic patients.

More than 400 breast patients (primarily symptomatic) have been examined with ultrasound alone and in combination with low-dose mammography. Symptomatic pregnant women and young patients with palpable masses were examined with ultrasound alone. In young, dense breasts, ultrasound was found to surpass mammography in the differential diagnosis of both cystic and solid masses. In older patients, the tumor characteristics displayed on ultrasound augmented those of mammography, resulting in increased diagnostic accuracy.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasound in the evaluation of solid breast masses.

Ultrasound image characteristics and radiographic features of 31 benign and 41 malignant breast masses were cross-tabulated and analyzed to determine the ultrasound image characteristics most useful for diagnosis and the frequency with which some imaging features occurred. The most common malignant mass (the ductal carcinoma) exhibited a jagged wall (88%), homogeneous internal echoes (12%), nonhomogeneous internal echoes (70%), internal echoes not discernible due to attenuation effects (18%), and attenuation shadowing (97%). In contrast, the fibroadenoma (the most common benign mass in this study), exhibited smooth walls (94%), homogeneous internal echoes (89%), and no demonstrable posterior shadowing (67%).

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1983

Palpable breast masses: evaluation by high frequency, hand-held real-time sonography and xeromammography. Work in progress.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic virtues and limitations of the combined use of high frequency, real-time ultrasound scanning (US) using hand-held transducers and xeromammography (XM) in the evaluation of palpable breast masses. Seventy-one patients, who ranged in age from 14 to 88 years and who had histologically proved masses, were examined by both imaging modalities. US demonstrated the highest degree of accuracy in establishing the presence of cysts (96%) and fibroadenomas (89%). XM afforded better overall depiction of the breast and correctly identified seven carcinomas, five of which were prospectively diagnosed by sonography. When all types of breast masses were considered, the combined use of XM and US was more accurate (89%) than when either XM (70%) or US (85%) was used alone. For this reason, a combined approach using both modalities in the examination of most patients with palpable breast masses is advocated. The advantages and limitations of both XM and US in the evaluation of palpable masses are discussed and illustrated.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of breast disease: use of transverse relaxation times.

The ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) to demonstrate breast carcinoma depends upon significantly different relaxation times in benign and malignant tissues. The authors conducted an in vitro study of transverse relaxation times (T2) of 393 breast tissue samples in order to establish a range of values for normal tissue, benign lesions, and carcinoma. All T2 values were multiexponential. Benign lesions were readily distinguished from both invasive and noninvasive carcinoma in samples containing fat or a mixture of fat and fibrous tissue; however, in purely fibrous samples there was some overlap of T2 values in benign and malignant tissues. Although the data acquisition and analysis requirements involved in this in vitro study exceed the capabilities of present whole-body MR imagers, the added understanding gained through efforts of this type may aid both interpretation of current images and future developments.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1986

Breast calcifications: mammographic evaluation.

Breast calcifications may be categorized as benign, probably benign, and suggestive of malignancy. The interpretation scheme presented here utilizes a systematic structured approach: identify characteristically benign calcifications, for which no further evaluation is needed; define as suggestive of malignancy those remaining calcifications that present as isolated parenchymal clusters of tiny calcific particles; and (optional) attempt to downgrade some of these suspicious calcifications into the "probably benign" category, so that they can be managed by periodic mammographic follow-up rather than biopsy. The clinical acceptability of this approach will vary with local conditions; success in implementing it will encourage increased use of mammography, and ultimately, improved breast health care.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1986

Breast and axillary tissue MR imaging: correlation of signal intensities and relaxation times with pathologic findings.

We tested a variety of inversion-recovery (IR) and spin-echo (SE) sequences by imaging the breast masses of 22 patients before surgery and 23 tissue specimens with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.6 T to determine the most effective pulse sequences to evaluate breast disease. An SE pulse sequence using a long repetition time (TR) of 1,600 msec and a long echo time (TE) of 90 msec was found to be the most sensitive in depicting carcinoma in the excised tissue specimens, with all of the carcinomas (n = 15) demonstrating irregular areas of higher signal intensity (SI) than that of the adjacent fat. However, only five of 11 breast carcinomas present in the preoperative patients produced a higher SI than that produced by fat on the same T2-weighted sequence. Five of the remaining six carcinomas in the preoperative patients appeared as localized distortions of fibroductular architecture on both T2-weighted SE and IR sequences. In axillary tissue specimens, both metastatic carcinoma and hyperplastic lymph nodes produced a high SI on T2-weighted SE sequences. However, metastatic carcinoma had a significantly longer T2 relaxation time than did hyperplastic lymph nodes.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1987

Breast masses: US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Real-time ultrasonography (US) was used to guide fine-needle aspiration biopsy of 111 breast masses and three axillary lymph nodes. The masses included 51 (45%) nonpalpable lesions. Two different guidance techniques were used, with satisfactory results. Lesions less than 1 cm in diameter could be accurately aspirated, and the method allowed quick and accurate cytologic characterization of solid breast masses. The sensitivity of the cytologic diagnosis of malignancy was 92%, and the specificity was 93%. US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of breast masses should be routinely performed, since it can lead to earlier and cost-effective diagnosis of breast carcinoma at virtually no risk. Because of the accuracy of real-time US guidance, negative cytologic findings (i.e., satisfactory smears with benign cells) should be considered highly reliable in ruling out malignancy.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1987

Fibroadenomas: histopathologic and MR imaging features.

Twelve fibroadenomas were studied in vivo using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a cylindrical surface coil and at 0.15 T. On T1-weighted images, most fibroadenomas had an intensity similar to that of normal fibroglandular tissue; areas of inhomogeneity were seen in six. On five of the T2-weighted images, the fibroadenomas gave a signal equal to or slightly greater than that of normal fibroglandular tissue; five showed a marked increase in intensity, and two gave a low signal intensity. Four fibroadenomas were inhomogeneous on both T1- and T2-weighted images, and two additional lesions became inhomogeneous on T2-weighted images. No consistent correlations were found between MR appearances and histopathologic findings in the fibroadenomas. It is concluded that the appearance of fibroadenomas on MR images is sufficiently variable that it would be difficult to differentiate benign from malignant circumscribed tumors on the basis of MR imaging alone.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1989

MR imaging of the breast with Gd-DTPA: use and limitations.

Between August 1985 and November 1987, 150 patients with 167 biopsy-proved lesions were examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enhanced with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, mammography, and palpation. Of these patients, 113 with 123 lesions were also examined with ultrasound. Enhancement above 300 normalized units (NU) on MR images was considered significant; between 250 and 300 NU, borderline; and below 250, nonsignificant. All 27 fibroadenomas and 70 of 71 carcinomas showed significant enhancement; one carcinoma showed borderline enhancement. Nonproliferative dysplasia showed nonsignificant enhancement in 15 of 16 cases and significant enhancement in one, whereas proliferative dysplasia showed usually diffuse enhancement varying from nonsignificant (five of 30 cases) to borderline (five of 30 cases) to significant (20 of 30 cases). In the nonblind evaluation of the modalities, MR imaging compared favorably. When limitations of the technique were considered, MR imaging seemed beneficial as a supplement in selected, diagnostically difficult cases.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1989

Fibroadenoma of the breast: sonographic appearance.

The sonographic patterns of 100 fibroadenomas, including two giant fibroadenomas and two cystosarcoma phyllodes, were reviewed. The lesions were mostly hypoechoic (92%) and homogeneous in echotexture (72%). Twenty-seven percent of fibroadenomas showed irregular margins. Intratumoral calcifications were noted in 10% of lesions. A marked acoustic shadow without associated calcification was seen in six cases. The mean ratio of the length to the anteroposterior diameter of the tumors was 1.84 +/- 0.52 (standard deviation), indicating an elongation along the general orientation of the breast tissue planes. The ratios of length to anteroposterior diameter calculated in two matching groups of small (less than 1 cm3) fibroadenomas and carcinomas differed significantly. State-of-the-art high-frequency transducers, geometric analysis of tumors, and real-time ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy should help to distinguish between benign and malignant solid breast masses.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1990

Carcinoma within fibroadenomas: mammographic features.

The mammographic features of carcinoma originating within a fibroadenoma in 24 patients were studied by means of retrospective review of pathologic slides. Histologic examination showed that the lesions were lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) (seven patients), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (13 patients), synchronous LCIS and invasive lobular carcinoma (one patient), and synchronous LCIS and DCIS (three patients). In all patients the mammographic manifestation was a mass 1.0 cm or greater in diameter; 14 masses were 1-2 cm in diameter, and the remainder were more than 2 cm in diameter. Features that were considered suspect included large size, indistinct margins, and clustered microcalcifications. In three patients, microcalcifications within the mass raised suspicion of malignancy. At histologic examination these microcalcifications were associated with the intraductal carcinoma harbored in the fibroadenoma in only one of these patients. Fibroadenomas that harbor carcinoma may be indistinguishable from common benign fibroadenomas, but their occurrence is rare. In this study, a single patient had invasive lobular carcinoma; all the other lesions were in situ lesions.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1991

Nonpalpable breast lesions: stereotactic automated large-core biopsies.

One hundred two patients with mammographically suspicious, nonpalpable lesions underwent stereotactic breast biopsy with a biopsy gun and an automated 14-gauge cutting needle. After biopsy, a localization wire was placed and surgical biopsy performed. There was agreement of the histologic results from the gun biopsy and the surgical biopsy specimens in 98 cases (96%), including 22 of 23 carcinomas (96%) (kappa = 0.936). The gun biopsy yielded findings that led to the correct diagnosis in two cases involving lesions that were missed at surgical biopsy; two lesions found at surgery were missed at gun biopsy. The results of this study suggest that the use of 14-gauge needles improves agreement between surgical and needle core biopsy findings and that stereotactic biopsy with an automated needle and gun can be an acceptable alternative to surgical biopsy in women with mammographically suspicious breast lesions.

Adenofibroma↗