Quantitative analysis of in vivo ribosomal events at UGA and UAG stop codons.
An in vivo translation assay system has been designed to measure, in one and the same assay, the three alternatives for a ribosome poised at a stop codon (termination, read-through and frameshift). A quantitative analysis of the competition has been done in the presence and absence of release factor (RF) mutants, nonsense suppressors and an upstream Shine-Dalgarno-like sequence. The ribosomal +1 frameshift product is measurable when the stop codon is decoded by wild-type or mutant RF (prf A1 or prf B2) and also in the presence of competing suppressor tRNAs. Frameshift frequency appears to be influenced by RF activity. The amount of frameshift product decreases in the presence of competing suppressor tRNAs, however, this decrease is not in proportion to the corresponding increase in the suppression product. Instead, there is an increase in the total amount of protein expressed from the gene, perhaps due to the purging of queued ribosomes. Mutated RFs reduce the total output of the reporter gene by reducing the amount of all three protein products. The nascent peptide has earlier been shown to influence the translation termination process by interacting with the RFs. At 42 degrees C in a temperature-sensitive RF mutant strain, protein measurements indicate that the nascent peptide seems to influence the binding efficiencies of the RFs.