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PubMed1983

[Lipid and apoprotein profile without and with oil load].

In 20 normolipaemic patients and 1 patient with hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP type IV) the lipid profiles without and with oil load are taken (triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and B). For the oil load test at 7.00 a.m. 100 g sun-flower oil are given and then till 15.00 every two hours 2 ml venous blood are taken. The lipid profiles without oil load (in normal nutrition) take place in the same temporary course. Of the investigated parameters only the triglycerides show large and characteristic deviations in the profiles with oil load as well as in normal nutrition. For males (n = 10) in contrast to women (n = 10) larger variations in the TGL-profiles are found. According to the size of their TGL deviation the test persons can be divided into 4 groups (A to D), which at the same time possess clearly gradated HDLC levels. In group A (high HDL cholesterol) scarcely variations in the TGL profile (without and with oil load) are recognizable. Group D (relatively low HDL cholesterol) shows high peaks in the TGL curves (under oil load of more than 4 mmol/l). After a dietary and regadrin treatment of 6 months the HLP patient shows a remarkable improvement in the TGL and HDLC profile. The results are discussed from the point of view of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and in this case particularly the role of the HDL cholesterol is concerned.

Apoproteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Individual-specific antibody profiles as a means of newborn infant identification.

Infant footprinting and photographs are the principal means used by most neonatal care facilities for determining infant identity in instances in which identity may be questioned or unknown. These methods have been shown to be an ineffective and unreliable means of establishing identity, particularly for infants and neonates. We examined the utility of the Antibody Profile Assay, a 60-minute immunoblot-based serotyping assay, as an accurate means of determining infant identity. Fifty-four neonatal cord blood samples were evaluated in this study for the ability of the assay to match respective maternal sample profile patterns. Visual comparison of profiles allowed matching of infant samples to each respective maternal sample. Eight of the 54 paired samples demonstrated slight differences in staining that did not affect the ability to identify sample pairs. In one instance, an additional minor band was detected in the maternal profile that was not apparent in the newborn infant profile. This discrepancy within an otherwise identical pattern did not affect the ability to correctly match the maternal and newborn infant samples. We conclude that the antibody profile assay is a rapid, accurate, and positive means of identifying newborn infants.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1995

Yersinia enterocolitica O:3. Antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence profiles and plasmids.

Antimicrobial resistance patterns (ARP), virulence profiles and plasmids in clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 were studied. The ARP was tested using the disk method. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. All of them presented resistance to ampicillin, all with the exception of one to cephalotin, differing in resistance or susceptibility to chloramphenicol, streptomycin (Sm), sulfadiazine (Sd) and cotrimoxazole. Due to these differences they were grouped into 8 ARP. Twenty-nine strains carried plasmids and were grouped into 5 plasmid profiles. All strains carrying 42 MDa plasmids were positive for virulence tests (calcium dependence, crystal violet binding, Congo red binding and autoagglutination). No correlation between ARP and plasmid profile was found, although small plasmids of 6.5 and 4.1 MDa mediated resistance to Sm-Sd, as was shown by transformation to Escherichia coli strains. DNAs from plasmids were analyzed by restriction enzymes. All 42 MDa plasmids showed identical EcoRI and HindIII profiles. The two 6.5 MDa plasmids showed identical BglII, AvaI and SalI restriction profiles and the four 4.1 Mda plasmids also yielded restriction profiles similar to each other, but different from the 6.5 ones.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Profiles of urethral pressure, measured with microtransducers, in the assessment of female stress urinary incontinence].

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of urethral pressure profiles in the diagnosis of urinary stress incontinence and to determine the possible correlation of such profiles with the degree of incontinence. METHODS: An initial group of 92 female patients were studied; 29 that presented vesical instability in the urodynamic studies were posteriorly discarded from the study. Patient evaluation included clinical history, physical examination, analytical, radiological and urodynamic studies, including uroflowmetry, filling and emptying cystometry and static and dynamic urethral pressure profiles. A Phoenix 5 and a 10 F microtransducter catheter were used to carry out the necessary evaluations. ICS recommendations were observed. In the statistical analysis of the results, the Wilconson test and contingency table of 2x2 were employed. RESULTS: In the different groups, the parameters analyzed in the static urethral pressure profiles revealed only statistically significant differences in maximum pressure urethral values and maximum closing urethral pressure. No differences in either total length or in functional urethral length were observed. The values of the dynamic urethral pressure profiles of the different groups were compared. There was a statistically significantly higher proportion of patients that presented a negative closing urethral pressure dynamics in the group of women with urodynamically and clinically demonstrated urinary incontinence in comparison to the group of women whose incontinence was not demonstrated either by urodynamic or physical explorations. CONCLUSIONS: The urethral pressure profile is sufficiently reliable in confirming both the diagnosis of urinary incontinence and its degree of severity. As a diagnostic test for urinary stress incontinence, it has a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 90%.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of Hinf I-generated VNTR profile frequencies determined using various ethnic databases.

Concerns have been raised about hypothetical problems arising from the use of statistics for determining the likelihood of occurrence of DNA profiles for forensic purposes. A major contention is that reference databases based on subgroups of a major population category rather than on general (or major) population groups, might yield large differences in the estimated likelihood of occurrence of DNA profiles. This hypothetical issue is based on the assertion by some people that the differences among subgroups within a race would be greater than between races (at least for forensic purposes). To evaluate the effects of the above concern the likelihood of occurrence of 615 Hinf I-generated target DNA profiles was estimated using fixed bin frequencies from various ethnic databases and the multiplication rule. Based on the data in this study, differences in allele frequencies at a particular locus do not have substantial effects on VNTR profile frequency estimates when subgroup reference databases from within a major population group are compared. In contrast, the greatest variation in statistical estimates occurs across-major population groups. Therefore, the assertion, by some critics that the differences among subgroups within a race would be greater than between races (at least for forensic purposes), is unfounded. The data in the study support that comparisons across major population groups provide valid estimates of DNA profile frequencies without forensically significant consequences. The data do not support the need for alternate procedures, such as the ceiling principle approach, for deriving statistical estimates of DNA profile frequencies.

Black People↗
PubMed1994

The value of a negative antepartum test: contraction stress test and modified biophysical profile.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the outcome of pregnancies in high-risk patients whose last antepartum fetal assessment was a negative contraction stress test (CST) or a negative modified biophysical profile. METHODS: Twenty-nine hundred ninety-four women who received modified biophysical profiles were compared with 2450 who had CSTs during the preceding 3 years. Pregnancy outcomes were evaluated in patients whose last test was negative. RESULTS: Seventeen hundred fifty-three patients had negative modified biophysical profiles as the last test before delivery, and 1337 had negative CSTs as the last test before delivery. Adverse perinatal outcomes included perinatal death or death before nursery discharge, cesarean delivery for fetal distress within the first 2 hours of labor, 5-minute Apgar score less than 7, neonatal seizures, or grade III or grade IV central nervous system hemorrhage. Adverse outcomes occurred in 90 patients (5.1%) whose last test before delivery was a negative modified biophysical profile and in 93 patients (7.0%) whose last test was a negative CST (P = .04, odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.88). Overall, there were 11 perinatal deaths, nine of which resulted from lethal congenital abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the frequency of adverse perinatal outcome following a negative modified biophysical profile was no greater than that following a negative CST. Further, the incidence of potentially preventable perinatal death following a negative modified biophysical profile or CST was less than one per 1000 tested high-risk pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Computer aided retrieval of common-batch members in Leuckart amphetamine profiling.

Comparison of profiles is a well established way to find links between confiscated drugs. It is a laborious and time consuming task to manually compare large numbers of profiles to find common-batch links. To facilitate the comparison a computerized method has been developed. It is described and applied to a set of amphetamine impurity profiles. From each profile, areas of selected peaks are fed to the computer. By using quotients of corresponding peaks, the computer finds pairs of closely related profiles. With a sufficient numbers of peaks, the method is tolerant to variations in intensity between profiles, random peak area variations and a few strongly deviating peak areas. The program was written in Q-basic from Microsoft and may be run on any IBM-compatible personal computer. The method may also be used for analyzing data from other forensic objects, when the descriptors chosen are affected by errors like those described in the text.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1993

The use of vibroacoustic stimulation during the abnormal or equivocal biophysical profile.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vibroacoustic stimulation during the biophysical profile can change the fetal behavioral state and thus improve the score without increasing the false-negative rate of the test. METHODS: Eighty-one patients whose biophysical profile scores were 6 or lower after 15 minutes of observation had an electronic artificial larynx applied to the maternal abdomen in the region of the fetal head for 3 seconds, followed by continued observation for fetal movement, tone, and breathing for 15 minutes. We compared the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of 41 patients whose biophysical profile scores improved to normal after vibroacoustic stimulation with those of 283 patients whose scores were normal without vibroacoustic stimulation. RESULTS: Vibroacoustic stimulation did improve an abnormal or equivocal biophysical profile score to normal in 67 of 81 cases (82%). No antepartum stillbirths or perinatal deaths occurred. There was no increase in the obstetric and neonatal complication rates of cesarean delivery for fetal distress, meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, and the incidence of small for gestational age infants. CONCLUSION: Vibroacoustic stimulation improved the biophysical profile scores in most cases, an effect seen throughout the third trimester. Vibroacoustic stimulation did not appear to increase the false-negative rate of the biophysical profile and may reduce the incidence of unnecessary obstetric intervention.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1996

A gene expression profile of human corneal epithelium and the isolation of human keratin 12 cDNA.

PURPOSE: To describe the quantitative and qualitative aspects of gene expression in human corneal epithelium and to discover novel cornea-specific genes. METHODS: A 3'-directed cDNA library was constructed with messenger RNA prepared from normal human corneal epithelial cells, and inserts in 1069 randomly chosen clones were sequenced. These sequences were compared with each other to determine the frequency of appearance and were searched against GenBank for identification. The resultant expression profile, a list of gene species and their recurrences, reflected the composition of mRNA in the cornea. Recurrently appearing sequences, representing abundant transcripts, were compared with sequences in expression profiles obtained from seven other tissues and from those in dbEST to discover cornea-specific genes. RESULTS: The expression profile of human corneal epithelium showed that the most abundant transcript in this tissue was that for apolipoprotein J. Altogether 62 genes were suggested to be very active, including calcyclin, alpha-enolase, keratin 3, connexin 43, and 12 novel genes. The expression of four of these 12 novel genes seemed to be limited to cornea because they were not found in seven other expression profiles nor in dbEST. Full-length cDNA corresponding to one of these (GS8025), isolated from a separately made cDNA library, contained open reading frame highly homologous to mouse keratin 12, which is known to be cornea specific. CONCLUSIONS: An expression profile of corneal epithelium provides probes to monitor physiological and pathologic conditions of this tissue in terms of gene expression. Furthermore, by comparing this profile with those of other tissues, probes to isolate genes uniquely transcribed in corneal epithelium are determined. These genes are assumed to carry unique functions for this tissue and are candidate genes for inherited diseases that manifest only in cornea. As an example, human cornea-specific keratin was isolated, and partial cDNA sequences for three more cornea-specific genes were presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Do cyclosporin profiles provide useful information in the management of renal transplant recipients?

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the relationships between cyclosporin A (CsA) blood levels and episodes of renal allograft rejection and nephrotoxicity following renal transplantation, with the aim of establishing whether CsA profiles provided more useful information than single CsA blood levels in respect of these relationships. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two profiles were performed over 16 months in 40 patients and analysed retrospectively. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after the morning CsA dose. Rejection episodes were diagnosed by renal biopsy and CsA nephrotoxicity by a fall in serum creatinine 1 week after a cut in CsA dose. RESULTS: The mean area under the curve (AUC) was lower for profiles performed at the time of rejection (3821 h.ng/ml) than that of a matched group of non-rejecting profiles (5479 h.ng/ml; P < 0.02). An AUC above 6400 h.ng/ml significantly discriminated rejection from non-rejection, whereas pre-dose and peak CsA concentrations did not have such discriminating cut-off values. A comparison of CsA-toxic and non-toxic profiles showed that there were no significant differences between mean CsA concentrations nor between the mean AUCs of these groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that basing CsA dosing on CsA profiles could help to avoid some early episodes of rejection without increasing the risk of nephrotoxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of methadone on the biophysical profile.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of methadone on the biophysical profile. STUDY DESIGN: Sixteen narcotics-dependent gravidas on methadone maintenance were selected for the study. Biophysical profiles and nonstress tests (NSTs) were performed on women between 28 and 40 weeks' estimated gestational age before and two hours after methadone was given. The reactivity of the nonstress tests, biophysical profile scores and time needed to complete the biophysical profiled before and after methadone dosing were compared. RESULTS: Significantly more NSTs were nonreactive after methadone (P < .001), and it took more time for the NST to become reactive (P < .01). Although it took longer for the modified biophysical profile to be completed after methadone dosing, with the mean time going from 3.8 to 19.8 minutes (P < .01), the scores were the same before and after methadone in 75% of the women, with the mean score not significantly different before or after methadone. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the modified biophysical profile is a clinically useful test in the methadone-maintained gravida.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Screening blood spots for inborn errors of metabolism by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with a microplate batch process and a computer algorithm for automated flagging of abnormal profiles.

Metabolic profiling of amino acids and acylcarnitines from blood spots by automated electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) is a powerful diagnostic tool for inborn errors of metabolism. New approaches to sample preparation and data interpretation have helped establish the methodology as a robust, high-throughput neonatal screening method. We introduce an efficient 96-well-microplate batch process for blood-spot sample preparation, with which we can obtain high-quality profiles from 500-1000 samples per day per instrument. A computer-assisted metabolic profiling algorithm automatically flags abnormal profiles. We selected diagnostic parameters for the algorithm by comparing profiles from patients with known metabolic disorders and those from normal newborns. Reference range and cutoff values for the diagnostic parameters were established by measuring either metabolite concentrations or peak ratios of certain metabolite pairs. Rigorous testing of the algorithm demonstrates its outstanding clinical sensitivity in flagging abnormal profiles and its high cumulative specificity.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

An expression profile of genes in human retina and isolation of a complementary DNA for a novel rod photoreceptor protein.

PURPOSE: To characterize expression patterns of active genes in human retina, and to isolate novel genes that are uniquely expressed in this tissue. METHODS: A 3'-directed complementary DNA (cDNA) library that faithfully represents the composition of messenger RNA (mRNA) was constructed with an mRNA preparation from a cadaveric human retina. A total of 925 3' terminal sequences were collected by sequencing randomly selected clones, of which 789 were regarded as representing chromosomally coded genes (gene signatures [GS]). GS were compared with each other and searched against GenBank. The resulting expression profile, listing gene species and their frequency, represents the composition of mRNA in the retina. By comparing this expression profile with those obtained from 10 other source cells or tissues, genes uniquely active in the retina were discovered, including some not previously described. A full-sized cDNA corresponding to one of these was isolated and sequenced. Its expression was analyzed by multitissue Northern hybridization and in situ hybridization to the retina specimen. It was then mapped on human chromosomes. RESULTS: In the expression profile, 108 genes were detected recurrently, suggesting that they are very active. Fifty-five of them were identified in GenBank, including the most abundant opsin gene and several other genes for phototransduction. Among the remaining novel and active genes, 19 were considered unique to retina on the basis of their representation status in other expression profiles and in dbEST. One of these was identified as a gene that encodes a novel secretory protein expressed in a rod photoreceptor that maps to chromosome 18p11.3. CONCLUSIONS: The expression profile of active genes in the retina represents the composition of mRNA, which reflects the relative activities of genes in this tissue. A comparison of this expression profile with those obtained with other tissues resulted in isolation of a novel cDNA specifically expressed in the rod photoreceptor. It is anticipated that additional novel genes that are uniquely active in the neural retina may be obtained with the same strategy, leading to further clarification of the biologic or physiological characteristics of this tissue.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationship between female stress urinary incontinence intensity and the data of urethral pressure profile].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of the urethral pressure profile in the diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence and its possible correlation with the degree of severity of incontinence. METHODS: 175 female patients with a clinical history of urinary incontinence were evaluated; of these, 50 cases with bladder instability demonstrated by the urodynamic studies were excluded. Patient evaluation included clinical history, physical examination, analytical studies, radiological evaluation and complete urodynamic assessment, including uroflowmetry, filling and voiding cystometry, and static and dynamic urethral pressure profiles. A 10 Fr microtransducer catheter was utilized for the urethral pressure profile studies. ICS recommendations were observed. Patients were classified into three groups according to the severity of urinary incontinence based on the clinical data, physical examination and urodynamic findings. The Wilcoxson test and 2 x 2 contingency table were employed for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the parameters analyzed for the static urethral pressure profile, statistically significant differences were found only for the maximum urethral pressure and maximum closing urethral pressure in the different groups of patients. No differences in total length or functional urethral length were observed. Comparison of the dynamic urethral pressure profiles of the different groups showed a statistically significantly higher proportion of patients with a negative dynamic urethral closing pressure in the group of patients with urodynamically and clinically demonstrated urinary incontinence than in those with no urodynamically or clinically demonstrable incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: The urethral pressure profile is sufficiently reliable to confirm the diagnosis of urinary incontinence and its degree of severity. As a diagnostic test in urinary stress incontinence, it has a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 95%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Reflections on the anorectal pressure profile].

The results of electromanometric studies of the anorectum in 40 children are presented. Owing to a constant flow of rinsing water through the recording tube and owing to a repeated tracing during the same session, there is a more sensitive picture of the anorectal pressure profile than reported hitherto. In addition, the anorectal pressure values are higher. In healthy infants and in most children with constipation and/or encopresis, the anorectal pressure profile can be divided in 2 different parts. These can be differentiated by their amplitude and according to their shape. In a few patients with constipation, there is no difference between the two parts concerning the shape of the anorectal pressure profile, and the values of the anorectal pressures are below normal. But all children with anal sphincter incontinence have a distinctively abnormal anorectal pressure profile, there is not even a numerical difference between the two parts of the anorectal pressure profile, and the anorectal pressures are very low. The relationship between these two parts of the anorectal pressure profile and the muscles of the pelvic floor are discussed and the significance of the mentioned technique evaluated with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of the anorectal disturbances in childhood.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2005

CD34 expression in native human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts: differences in CD34 membrane molecule expression are associated with different gene expression profiles.

BACKGROUND: The stem cell marker CD34 is expressed by leukemia blasts only for a subset of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It is still controversial as to whether CD34 expression (defined as at least 10-20% positive cells) has any prognostic effect in patients with AML who receive intensive chemotherapy. The present study investigated whether gene expression profiling could be used to further subclassify CD34(+) AML cell populations. METHODS: AML blasts derived from 25 patients were examined; these patients were randomly selected from a larger consecutive group of patients. CD34 protein expression was determined by flow cytometry and expressed as the percentage of positive cells. Gene expression profiles were determined by complementary DNA microarrays. RESULTS: By unsupervised hierarchical clustering our patients could be grouped into two or three major subsets depending on the methodologic approach before clustering analysis (filtering or flooring of data, respectively). However, both approaches identified a cluster characterized by high gene expression and membrane molecule level of CD34. When using the floored expression profiles, the patient cluster characterized by increased CD34 gene expression was also characterized by a high percentage of CD34(+) cells (median 82%, range 56-100%) compared with the two other major clusters (median 19%, range <1-55%), but three of four outpatients also showed a high percentage of CD34(+) cells. CONCLUSION: A major proportion of patients with AML and high CD34 expression (usually >80% CD34(+) cells; nearly all patients had >50% positive cells) showed similarities in gene expression profile. In contrast, patients with lower CD34 expression often had a profile similar to those of patients regarded as CD34(-) according to conventional criteria. Our results suggest that the possible prognostic effect of CD34 expression should be reevaluated in clinical studies using additional or alternative cutoff values to describe CD34 expression.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Expression profiling targeting chromosomes for tumor classification and prediction of clinical behavior.

Tumors are associated with altered or deregulated gene products that affect critical cellular functions. Here we assess the use of a global expression profiling technique that identifies chromosome regions corresponding to differential gene expression, termed comparative expressed sequence hybridization (CESH). CESH analysis was performed on a total of 104 tumors with a diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, prostate cancer, and favorable-histology Wilms tumors. Through the use of the chromosome regions identified as variables, support vector machine analysis was applied to assess classification potential, and feature selection (recursive feature elimination) was used to identify the best discriminatory regions. We demonstrate that the CESH profiles have characteristic patterns in tumor groups and were also able to distinguish subgroups of rhabdomyosarcoma. The overall CESH profiles in favorable-histology Wilms tumors were found to correlate with subsequent clinical behavior. Classification by use of CESH profiles was shown to be similar in performance to previous microarray expression studies and highlighted regions for further investigation. We conclude that analysis of chromosomal expression profiles can group, subgroup, and even predict clinical behavior of tumors to a level of performance similar to that of microarray analysis. CESH is independent of selecting sequences for interrogation and is a simple, rapid, and widely accessible approach to identify clinically useful differential expression.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma gene expression profiles.

Expression profiling using DNA microarrays has been very helpful to improve our knowledge of the pathobiology of many tumour types, including lymphomas. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) constitute an heterogeneous group of tumours with different morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical characteristics. Their complexity and their low frequency in the western countries have made difficult the identification of molecular events responsible of the development of these tumours. The first studies on expression profiling of PTCL have also revealed heterogeneity at this level, mainly regarding the PTCL NOS subgroup. Different molecular subgroups within PTCL unspecified have been identified associated to different expression profiles. However, the clinical significance of this molecular sub-classification remains to be probed in studies involving larger number of samples. In addition, the expression level of NF-kB pathway genes allowed to differentiate two PTCL subgroups, and this difference could have clinical interest. In general, PTCL expression profiles are difficult to interpret due to the significant proportion of other infiltrating cells accompanying the tumour. However, microarrays are being a helpful tool in the initial task of dissecting the PTCL expression profile.

Cell Differentiation↗