Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “knowledge”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

A flipped classroom approach compared with low-interactive online learning for pediatric pain management knowledge and instructional motivation in nursing students: A randomized controlled study.

AIM: This study aimed to compare a flipped classroom approach with low-interactive online learning in terms of nursing students' questionnaire-assessed pediatric pain management knowledge and instructional motivation. BACKGROUND: Pain management in children is a critical and multidimensional nursing responsibility. However, limited curricular time and opportunities for applied learning may restrict nursing students' preparedness in this area. Structured and interactive instructional formats, such as the flipped classroom, may support knowledge acquisition and motivation in pediatric nursing education. METHODS: This study employed a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Eighty-eight third-year prelicensure nursing students were randomized to either the flipped classroom group (n = 44) or the low-interactive online learning group (n = 44). Due to attrition (2 intervention, 2 control), analyses included 42 participants per group (n = 84 in total). Data were collected between February and July 2022 using the Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge Scale for Nursing Students and the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey. This study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07129044). RESULTS: At baseline, the groups were comparable in terms of knowledge and learning motivation. Following the intervention, the flipped classroom group demonstrated greater improvements in questionnaire-assessed pediatric pain management knowledge and instructional motivation than the low-interactive online learning group. Although scores declined from post-test to the three-month follow-up, they remained above baseline in the flipped classroom group. CONCLUSIONS: Within the context of this course, the flipped classroom approach was associated with greater improvement in questionnaire-assessed pediatric pain management knowledge and instructional motivation than low-interactive online learning. The findings should be interpreted as proximal educational outcomes rather than evidence of improved clinical competence or durable long-term effectiveness. Further studies using objective performance-based outcomes and longer follow-up periods are needed.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Development and validation of a questionnaire to test knowledge and practices of dietitians regarding dietary supplements.

OBJECTIVE: We developed a questionnaire to evaluate dietitians' knowledge and practices about the use of dietary supplements in light of new draft regulations in South Africa that will allow dietitians to prescribe supplements for the management of nutrition-related diseases. METHODS: A cross-sectional validation study was carried out in two phases: 1) questionnaire planning and development and 2) determination of reliability (internal consistency). The study sample comprised 48 nurses, 105 dietetic interns, and 367 registered dietitians. An expert academic group comprising nine dietitians with research and teaching experience rated the academic relevance and importance of knowledge questions in an item pool of 355 questions to ensure face and content validity. Criterion validity was measured by testing the knowledge questions (KQs) on 48 nurses and 105 dietetic interns. Thereafter questions were deleted based on their difficulty, discrimination, and Cronbach's alpha values. The final questionnaire, which at this point included a test of 50 KQs, was mailed to registered dietitians (n = 1450) in South Africa to determine internal consistency of the final KQs. RESULTS: Criterion validity of the KQs was indicated by a significant difference (P = 0.000) in the mean test scores between nurses (36.9, 95% confidence interval 24.2 to 39.6) and dietetic interns (40.2, 95% confidence interval 38.8 to 41.7). Item discrimination was attained by the deletion of NQs having a minimum correlation of 0.20 with overall test score. Further, item difficulty was controlled for by removal of questions correctly answered by more than 80% (too easy) or fewer than 20% (too difficult). Internal consistency of the KQs, after completion by 367 dietitians, was 0.87 (Cronbach's alpha). The mean knowledge score of dietitians ranged from 56.5% to 62.5%, with the oldest group (> or =40 y) having the highest score (P = 0.018). Thirty-eight percent of dietitians recommended dietary supplements at least 3 times a week; 51% consumed dietary supplements themselves; and 17% sold them to clients. CONCLUSIONS: A valid and reliable questionnaire that tests knowledge and practices of dietary supplements was developed for dietitians. This tool can be used by academic institutions to evaluate the knowledge and practices of final-year students. It can also be used on a representative sample of dietitians in South Africa and possibly elsewhere within the profession.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orality to literacy: effects on nursing knowledge.

BACKGROUND: Around the time of Plato and Aristotle, writing was introduced into the Western world and caused an epistemological revolution. Academics describe this change from pre-literacy to literacy as the alphabetization of a society. If societies have no written alphabet or words, knowledge transmission is oral. Words and ideas are fluid because they are always particularized to specific situations, rather than being written and available for scrutiny. With alphabetization, people record events, experiences and exchanges. Meanings no longer change slightly with each telling because writing solidifies knowledge as people attach increasingly limited meanings to words. Nursing experienced a similar revolution from orality to literacy with the proliferation of nursing journals beginning in the 1970's. Consequently, nurses and nurse educators also experienced an epistemological revolution resulting in knowledge from literacy usually being automatically valued higher than knowledge from orality. PURPOSE: I critically examine changes to knowledge that nurse educators value as a result of an alphabetized discipline. DISCUSSION: By comparing epistemological changes resulting from alphabetization in ancient Greece with similar changes in nursing education, I discuss three important dynamics: the sedimentation of words, the growth of criticism, and the new rationality. CONCLUSION: Some epistemological changes resulting from literacy are positive for nursing (eg, the growth of criticism) while some changes are negative (eg, devaluing sensorial and experiential knowledge).

Communication↗
PubMed2005

Public knowledge and attitudes regarding organ and tissue donation: an analysis of the northwest Ohio community.

Residents of Ohio, a midwestern state of the United States, were surveyed to determine their knowledge and attitudes toward organ and tissue donation. Sources of information on donation and the role of health care providers were also explored. One thousand participants were randomly selected from northwest Ohio to receive a survey distributed by mail. A total of 383 valid questionnaires were obtained. Respondents were knowledgeable about donation, with a mean correct knowledge score of 86%. However, four questions were answered incorrectly by nearly 25% or more of participants, indicating deficits in the community's knowledge. Over 96% of respondents had favorable attitudes toward donation. Both knowledge and attitudes were positively associated with willingness as well as commitment to donate. Health care providers were infrequently reported as sources of information on donation, yet nearly 60% would like their provider to discuss donation. Misconceptions represent potential barriers to donation. Therefore, public education should focus on the knowledge areas that show deficits. Results of the present study suggest that health care providers can play a critical role in educating patients about donation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

HIV treatment-related knowledge and self-efficacy among caregivers of HIV-infected children.

OBJECTIVE: Improvements in treatment-related knowledge and self-efficacy may improve clinical outcomes in HIV-infected populations. We examined whether caregivers' knowledge and self-efficacy was associated with better clinical outcomes and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence among HIV-infected children. METHODS: Caregivers of 77 perinatally HIV-infected children were administered a semi-structured interview which included scales of HIV treatment-related knowledge, adherence self-efficacy and caregiver reports of child medication adherence. RESULTS: While caregivers correctly answered 74% of the knowledge questions, specific misconceptions were noted. Caregivers rated themselves as having high adherence self-efficacy, but were least confident in their ability to adhere to ART if it caused side effects or might result in social disclosure. Higher caregiver treatment-related knowledge and self-efficacy were associated with better clinical outcomes, as measured by viral load and CD4+ count, but not with caregiver reports of ART adherence. CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION: While additional factors may be important determinants of adherence to ART in this population, improving the HIV treatment-related knowledge and self-efficacy of caregivers may help to improve the clinical outcomes of HIV-infected children. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Care providers should address both misconceptions that might serve to undermine adherence as well as factors that limit patients' self-efficacy in adhering to treatment, prior to the initiation of ART and throughout the course of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The experiential knowledge of patients: a new resource for biomedical research?

Both governments and patients' movements are increasingly making a plea in favour of the active participation of patients in biomedical research processes. One of the arguments concerns the contribution that patients could make to the relevance and quality of biomedical research based on their 'experiential knowledge'. This article reflects on the validity of patients' experiential knowledge in the context of biomedical research processes. Since a conclusive argument on the validity of patients' experiential knowledge could not be reached on the basis of theoretical reflection alone, a pragmatic approach was chosen that assessed the validity of patients' experiential knowledge in terms of its practical usefulness for biomedical research. Examples of patient participation in biomedical research were sought through literature research and more than 60 interviews with (bio)medical scientists, patients, representatives from patients' organisations, and health professionals in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. These examples were analysed for a concrete contribution by patients to the research process. Twenty-one cases of patient participation in biomedical research were identified. After further analysis, concrete use of patients' experiential knowledge could be traced for nine of these cases. These findings suggest that patients' experiential knowledge, when translated into explicit demands, ideas, or judgements, can contribute to the relevance and quality of biomedical research. However, its deliberate use would require a more structural and interactive approach to patient participation. Since the implementation of such an approach could face various obstacles in current biomedical research practices, further research will be needed to investigate its feasibility.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2005

The contextual influence of professional culture: certified nurse-midwives' knowledge of and reliance on evidence-based practice.

This paper reports research undertaken to assess US certified nurse-midwives' (CNMs) knowledge of, access to, and use of evidence-based medicine (EBM). Findings are presented in the context of interprofessional, institutional, and popular culture. The descriptive study follows concepts of diffusion of innovation, evidence-based patient choice, and authoritative knowledge to analyse incentives and barriers to the implementation of evidence-based midwifery care. Structured interviews were conducted with practicing CNMs in an urban practice site and a regional teaching centre. The analysis of responses explored congruence between practitioner knowledge, professed practice, and published professional as well as hospital-based internal practice guidelines, for two specific interventions for which there is ample systematic review, epidural and episiotomy. The CNMs demonstrated enthusiasm for their own individual understanding of EBM, but responses to specific questions about EBM-supported practice indicate that many had an incomplete understanding of the concept. Furthermore, in those cases where CNMs demonstrated accurate knowledge of EBM, practice protocols followed subspecialty dictates, thereby preventing their knowledge from translating into adherence to EBM-guided clinical practice guidelines. Finally, patient expectations for technological intervention appeared to influence CNMs' care decisions, even when those expectations lacked sound supporting evidence. If, as conceived by its originators and champions, EBM is to be widely adopted, then practitioners such as CNMs need to accurately understand its concepts and also to be afforded the opportunity to exercise professional control over its implementation. Central to an epistemically balanced EBM is the need to ensure that midwifery knowledge contributes in a robust and ongoing fashion to EBM's scientific research base. Lastly, EBM advocates must identify balanced strategies to both rationally and fairly address consumerist pressures for aggressive health care consumption.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2006

Teachers' knowledge about epilepsy and attitudes toward students with epilepsy: results of a national survey.

The attitudes and epilepsy-related knowledge of teachers are an important component of the educational experiences of children with epilepsy. Unfortunately however, the exploration of teacher attitudes and knowledge has been extremely limited in the United States. This article describes a survey-based research study of the attitudes and epilepsy-related knowledge of a randomly selected national sample of 512 elementary and middle school teachers in the United States. The questionnaire included the Scale of Attitudes Toward Persons with Epilepsy (ATPE), a summated rating scale that measures both attitudes toward persons with epilepsy and knowledge about epilepsy, as well as a demographic and teaching experience survey and several additional attitude and knowledge items developed by the researchers. The results suggest that although teachers' attitudes about epilepsy were generally positive, there were significant deficits in terms of general knowledge about epilepsy, its impact in educational settings, and the appropriate management of epilepsy and seizures in the classroom. Critical areas in which to focus remedial education and outreach efforts are identified.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and practices regarding epilepsy among Zambian clerics.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy carries a high burden of social morbidity. An understanding of who propagates stigma and the determinants of stigmatizing attitudes is needed to develop effective interventions. Clerics represent an especially influential social group in Africa. Therefore, we conducted a survey of the knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and practices of Zambian clerics with respect to epilepsy. METHODS: We studied clerics in one large rural region as well as in the capital city. The rural survey was conducted door-to-door. In the urban areas, central administration for multiple denominations assisted in survey delivery. The survey, adapted from previously published instruments, included cleric-specific questions and demographic data. Composite scores for knowledge and tolerance were developed. Determinants of higher knowledge and tolerance were assessed. RESULTS: Almost all Zambian clerics know someone with epilepsy and have witnessed a seizure. More than 40% report having a family member with epilepsy. Unfortunately, this familiarity is not associated with more knowledge or tolerance for the condition. Younger clerics, urban dwellers, those with fewer children, and those with more years of formal education were significantly more tolerant. More knowledgeable clerics are more likely to recommend that a person with epilepsy seek care from a physician rather than a traditional healer. Formal education was the most important factor in determining tolerance toward epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: Zambian clerics are very familiar with epilepsy, yet have relatively little knowledge of the etiology. Many view traditional healers as the appropriate care provider for epilepsy. To decrease stigma and improve the quality of advice offered by clerics to their congregations, educational programs focusing on the biomedical nature of the disorder are needed, particularly in rural regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Knowledge, expectations, and inductive reasoning within conceptual hierarchies.

Previous research (e.g. Cognition 64 (1997) 73) suggests that the privileged level for inductive inference in a folk biological conceptual hierarchy does not correspond to the "basic" level (i.e. the level at which concepts are both informative and distinct). To further explore inductive inference within conceptual hierarchies, we examine relations between knowledge of concepts at different hierarchical levels, expectations about conceptual coherence, and inductive inference. In Experiments 1 and 2, 5- and 8-year-olds and adults listed features of living kind (Experiments 1 and 2) and artifact (Experiment 2) concepts at different hierarchical levels (e.g. plant, tree, oak, desert oak), and also rated the strength of generalizations to the same concepts. For living kinds, the level that showed a relative advantage on these two tasks differed; the greatest increase in features listed tended to occur at the life-form level (e.g. tree), whereas the greatest increase in inductive strength tended to occur at the folk-generic level (e.g. oak). Knowledge and induction also showed different developmental trajectories. For artifact concepts, the levels at which the greatest gains in knowledge and induction occurred were more varied, and corresponded more closely across tasks. In Experiment 3, adults reported beliefs about within-category similarity for concepts at different levels of animal, plant and artifact hierarchies, and rated inductive strength as before. For living kind concepts, expectations about category coherence predicted patterns of inductions; knowledge did not. For artifact concepts, both knowledge and expectations predicted patterns of induction. Results suggest that beliefs about conceptual coherence play an important role in guiding inductive inference, that this role may be largely independent of specific knowledge of concepts, and that such beliefs are especially important in reasoning about living kinds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Organ donation: a cross-sectional survey of the knowledge and personal views of Turkish health care professionals.

Health care professionals (HCPs) represent a key element in the cadaveric organ donation process. This cross-sectional survey assessed HCPs' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to cadaveric organ donation and transplantation. One thousand one hundred eighty-four HCPs were randomly selected from various units of five health care institutions located in three major Turkish cities. Each individual completed a questionnaire. The ages ranged between 18 and 63 years. By examining the tendency to organ procurement, 78.6% of the physicians and 69.5% of the nurses stated that establishing brain death during ventilator support is the optimum condition. The results indicated good overall knowledge of the criteria for brain death. Physicians displayed significantly better understanding of the criteria for brain death and optimal conditions for organ procurement. While physicians have significantly better knowledge about kidney transplantation, there was no difference for liver transplantation. Compared to nurses, doctors had significantly better knowledge of which organs can be used in the current transplantation process. Although 44.2% claimed they were willing to donate their organs, only 17.9% actually carried a legal donation card. The rate of willingness to donate was significantly higher among doctors than nurses. Physicians have significantly better knowledge about legal aspects of organ donation and transplantation. Overall, the survey revealed that lack of knowledge has a negative impact on people's attitudes toward organ donation even among health care professionals. Improvements must be made to develop a nationwide Donor Hospital Education Program that will provide training concerning transplantation and organ donation.

Brain Death↗
PubMed2003

Are physicians equipped to address the obesity epidemic? Knowledge and attitudes of internal medicine residents.

BACKGROUND: To analyze whether internists are suited for their role in treating the growing numbers of obese patients, we surveyed residents about their knowledge and attitudes regarding obesity. Previous assessments have not analyzed familiarity with obesity measurement tools or the correlation between knowledge and attitudes. METHODS: We administered a survey to 87 internal medicine residents in two urban, university-based residency programs. RESULTS: Almost all respondents understood the medical consequences of obesity, but 60% did not know the minimum BMI for diagnosing obesity, 69% did not recognize waist circumference as a reasonable measure of obesity, and 39% incorrectly reported their own BMI. Although nearly all respondents agreed that treating obesity was important, only 30% reported treatment success. Forty-four percent felt qualified to treat obese patients, and 31% reported treatment to be futile. Knowledge and attitudes were not correlated. Rasch analysis of knowledge and attitude subscales showed satisfactory model fit and item reliability of at least 0.96. CONCLUSIONS: Despite solid knowledge of the comorbid conditions associated with obesity, residents have a poor grasp of the tools necessary to identify obesity. They also have negative opinions about their skills for treating obese patients. Residency training not only must improve knowledge of obesity measurement tools but also must address physicians' negative attitudes toward obesity treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Knowledge and information about ADHD: evidence of cultural differences among African-American and white parents.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered the most common child psychiatric disorder in the United States of America. Despite the high prevalence (estimated at 3-5%), little is known about the level and source of knowledge about ADHD among those affected by the disease, and about cultural and ethnic variations in knowledge levels and information sources. This represents a serious deficit, because health behavior, including demand for health services, is thought to be strongly influenced by knowledge or beliefs held by individuals and their networks. Furthermore, recent research suggested minority children may be less likely to receive services for ADHD. To examine possible differences in ADHD knowledge and information source, a sample of 486 African-American and white parents of children at high risk for ADHD were surveyed by telephone and subsequently participated in face-to-face interviews addressing their explanatory models of ADHD. Results revealed significant ethnic differences in knowledge and sources of information about ADHD. Fewer African-American parents than white parents indicated that they had ever heard of ADHD (69% compared to 95%, P < 0.001), or that they knew some or a lot about it (36% compared to 70%, P < 0.001) African-American parents were more likely to attribute ADHD to excessive sugar in the diet than whites (59% compared to 30.0%, P < 0.001). Finally, even though the physician was listed as the most preferred information source for both groups, only 17.5% of African-American parents reported they had received information about ADHD from the physician compared to 29% of whites (P < 0.01). African American parents reported less use of and less preference for written informational materials (newspapers, journals, library) than white parents. We conclude that substantially more research should be undertaken to examine the relationship between ethnicity and ADHD knowledge, to inform culturally appropriate education campaigns and to improve access to services for this important treatable child mental health condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

First aid knowledge of alpine mountaineers.

OBJECTIVE: The study evaluates the knowledge of first aid in mountaineerers who climb routes of moderate difficulty in the western Alps. Additionally the mountaineer's ability to assess their own knowledge was investigated. An analysis of the mountain accidents in the same area showed the real need for knowledge. DESIGN: An investigation of a cohort of mountaineers who reached Margherita Hut (4559 m, Monte Rosa; n=283; 17 questions with five answers each (11 themes)). RESULTS: Knowledge in general is poor. Best results were obtained in relation to cardiac emergencies, altitude sickness, and hypovolaemic shock, and worst resulted with hypothermia, traumatic injuries, treatment of pain and management of emergencies. Although traumatic injuries represent about 50% of mountain accidents in the region, there was a general lack of basic knowledge on this subject. Self-assessment of the individuals level of knowledge and their need for further education was inadequate. Differences between sex, age, nationality, mountaineering professional experience (medical education) are discussed. CONCLUSION: First aid education of mountaineers must be improved. Adequate education should take into account the specific demands of alpine emergencies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood asthma knowledge among first year nursing students in three European cities.

BACKGROUND: There are no available studies that assess and compare knowledge of childhood asthma among subjects living in different European countries. The objective of this study was to determine knowledge of childhood asthma among first year nursing students during the first week of their training in three European countries. The participants' sources of information and other factors that might influence their asthma knowledge score (AKS) were also evaluated. METHODS: Cross-sectional design using a modified version of a previously validated questionnaire. The study was undertaken in 261 students in Cartagena (Spain), 202 in Manchester (UK) and 94 in Cologne (Germany). RESULTS: AKS (maximum score, 27) was significantly higher in students from Manchester (18.3 +/- 2.6) than in those from Cartagena (15.9 +/- 3.1) and Cologne (15.1 +/- 3.6). In all three cities, more than 70 % of the students answered 10 out of the 27 questions correctly. Knowledge of asthma relievers or preventers was very limited. AKS showed a positive but marginal correlation with student age (r = 0.11, p = 0.07). Only knowledge gained from personal experience was significantly associated (r = 0.27, p < 0.001) with AKS. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable new information about the variations, sources and factors that influence knowledge of asthma among educated individuals living in three European countries. The better AKS of Manchester students might be due to the higher prevalence of asthma in the UK.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMed2006

AIDS-related knowledge and behaviors in Mozambique.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe attitudes and knowledge about AIDS among the population aged 15 to 49 in Chókwè (Mozambique) during the period from March to May 2004, and to study associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted by interviewing 1,055 people aged 15 to 49, of both sexes, residents in Chókwè (68,698 inhabitants). The questionnaires employed are known as the Behavior Surveillance Survey. Dependent variables were: knowledge about transmission routes and preventive methods, use of condoms and having had sexual relations with an irregular partner during the past 12 months. Odds ratios were calculated for the association between these variables and age, sex, educational level, neighborhood of residence, number of relations in the last 30 days, and whether AIDS tested, by fitting Logistic Regression models (bivariate and multivariate). RESULTS: Over 99% of the sexually active population of Chókwè knew about AIDS and condoms. More than half of the population of Chókwè has a good knowledge of preventive methods and of transmission routes. 72.9% of men and 91.3% of women did not use the condom when having sexual relationships. It was observed that a low educational level implied a lower degree of knowledge about preventive methods (OR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.60-3.84) and about transmission routes (OR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.37-4.52), less condom use and less relations with irregular or sporadic partners. The probability of not using condoms was higher among females, among people living in less privileged districts, with no education (OR=3.79; 95% CI: 1.80-7.99), with regular partners (OR=4.36; 95% CI: 1.93-9.84) and among people who have not had an AIDS test. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of preventive methods and transmission routes is good in more than half of the population of Chókwè. The majority of men and women do not use the condom when having sexual intercourse. Moreover, inequalities may be observed as a function of educational level and district socioeconomic level. Knowledge of preventive practices, mainly among socio-economically disadvantaged groups, must be improved and strategies designed to broaden access to use of condoms by everyone should be implemented.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Assessment of impact of medication counseling on patients' medication knowledge and compliance in an outpatient clinic in South India.

The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of patient medication counseling by comparing the levels of patient's medication knowledge and adherence achieved by medication counseling in an outpatient clinic. Ninety patients were randomized in the ratio of 1:2 into either counseled or usual care group. Their medication knowledge was assessed by a questionnaire and adherence was assessed by pill count method and self-assessment by the patients. Their medication knowledge was assessed at baseline and during their subsequent appointments. The average medication knowledge score of the counseled group versus usual care group was 13.82+/-1.8064 and 11.78+/-3.5037. Compliance score of the patients during their follow-up period was 92.29+/-4.5 and 84.71+/-11.80 for the counseled and control group, respectively. Statistical analysis of medication knowledge was carried out and all the demographic characters and number of medication were individually correlated with medication knowledge score and the difference observed was statistically significant. Compliance score of the patients was 92.29+/-4.5 and 84.71+/-11.8 % for the counseled and usual care group, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Measuring patient knowledge of the risks and benefits of prostate cancer screening.

This manuscript describes the development and validation of measures assessing patient knowledge about the risks and benefits of prostate cancer (CaP) screening. The measures described include a 10-item knowledge index and four single-item measures, used in previous studies, that assess knowledge of: CaP natural history and treatment efficacy, expert disagreement over the value of CaP screening, and the accuracy of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test for CaP. We assessed the validity and reliability of these measures on a sample of 1152 male veteran patients age 50 and older. All knowledge index items had acceptable levels of discrimination, difficulty, and reliability. The index demonstrated strong evidence for construct and criterion validity. Much weaker validity evidence was found for the four single-item knowledge questions. The 10-item index developed in this study provides a valid and reliable tool for assessing patient knowledge of the risks and benefits of CaP screening.

Aged↗