[Comparison of syndrome profiles for the functional psychoses, based on Kraepelin's descriptions (author's transl)].
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Bipolar Disorder↗
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Results for “functional profiling”
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Adrenoreceptors, endothelial function, and lipid profile: effects of atenolol, doxazosin, and carvedilol.
BACKGROUND: The use of effective blood-pressure-lowering drugs has not achieved the expected reduction in the incidence of ischaemic heart disease in hypertensive patients. This study examined the cardiovascular effects of adrenergic blockade (alpha or beta, or both) and its effect on the fibrinolytic response of the endothelium to anoxia and lipoprotein metabolism in 78 hypertensive patients with ischaemic heart disease. METHODS: All patients had stable angina on positive exercise testing and silent ischaemia on 24 h Holter monitoring at baseline and 6 months after effective blood-pressure-lowering treatment with the selective beta-blocker atenolol, the alpha 1-inhibitor doxazosin, or the dual-action drug carvedilol. RESULTS: Atenolol increased the effort time (P < 0.05), total ischaemia (P < 0.05), and the number of ischaemic episodes (P < 0.05). It reduced the lipoprotein ratio (P < 0.05) but did not modify the fibrinolytic activity of the endothelium. Doxazosin increased the fibrinolytic index (ratio of plasminogen activator to its main inhibitor) before (P < 0.05) and after anoxia (P < 0.0001) and the lipoprotein ratio (P < 0.001), without an anti-ischaemic effect. Carvedilol increased the effort time (P < 0.05), reducing total ischaemia (P < 0.05), the number of ischaemic episodes (P < 0.01), and increasing the post-anoxia fibrinolytic index (P < 0.05) without modifying the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: At antihypertensive equipotent doses, the inhibition of alpha 1-receptors improves the endothelial fibrinolytic activity and the lipid profile. beta-Blockade has an anti-ischaemic action, but reduces the lipoprotein ratio (ApoA/ApoB) and does not improve endothelial fibrinolytic activity.
Adult↗
Effects of interleukin-4 administration on endocrine function and lipid profile of patients with malignant diseases.
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Hormones↗
ProRule: a new database containing functional and structural information on PROSITE profiles.
MOTIVATION: Increase the discriminatory power of PROSITE profiles to facilitate function determination and provide biologically relevant information about domains detected by profiles for the annotation of proteins. SUMMARY: We have created a new database, ProRule, which contains additional information about PROSITE profiles. ProRule contains notably the position of structurally and/or functionally critical amino acids, as well as the condition they must fulfill to play their biological role. These supplementary data should help function determination and annotation of the UniProt Swiss-Prot knowledgebase. ProRule also contains information about the domain detected by the profile in the Swiss-Prot line format. Hence, ProRule can be used to make Swiss-Prot annotation more homogeneous and consistent. The format of ProRule can be extended to provide information about combination of domains. AVAILABILITY: ProRule can be accessed through ScanProsite at http://www.expasy.org/tools/scanprosite. A file containing the rules will be made available under the PROSITE copyright conditions on our ftp site (ftp://www.expasy.org/databases/prosite/) by the next PROSITE release.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Effects of exercise intervention on patients with stroke with prior coronary artery disease: aerobic capacity, functional ability, and lipid profile: a pilot study.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of exercise intervention on aerobic capacity, functional ability and lipid profile in patients after stroke with prior coronary artery disease. PATIENTS: Fifteen patients after stroke with prior coronary artery disease. METHODS: Patients were enrolled in a moderate-intensity exercise intervention using a graded treadmill for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, their aerobic capacity and functional ability were assessed by the exercise testing and Barthel index, respectively. The total cholesterol (TC), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride, and TC/HDL were also evaluated using an enzyme auto-analyser. RESULTS: After training, the patients'absolute peak oxygen consumption (VO2) was increased (p < 0.01); their functional ability was significantly improved (p < 0.01); and their TC, LDL, triglyceride, and TC/HDL levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.01). However, HDL level did not change significantly. In addition, Pearson analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between the increase in peak VO2 and the decrease in TC/HDL (r = -0.72, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that exercise intervention is beneficial for aerobic capacity, functional ability, and some parts of the lipid profile in patients after stroke with prior coronary artery disease.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Development and validation of the multidimensional health profile, part I: Psychosocial functioning.
This article describes the development and preliminary validation of the Multidimensional Health Profile, Part I: Psychosocial Functioning (MHP-P), a self-report screening instrument for use in mental health and primary care settings. The MHP-P assesses mental health, life stress, coping skills, and social resources. In Study 1, retest reliability, validity, social desirability response bias, and factor structure were examined in a national sample of men and women (N = 673). In Study 2, the effect of time frame on the retest reliability of the mental health scales was examined in a sample of male and female college students (N = 147). A national sample of men and women (N = 2,411) provided data for additional confirmatory factor analyses and norm development in Study 3.
Journal Article↗
A direct analysis of lamellar x-ray diffraction from hydrated oriented multilayers of fully functional sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The profile structure of functional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes was investigated by X-ray diffraction methods to a resolution of 10 A. The lamellar diffraction data from hydrated oriented multilayers of SR vesicles showed monotonically increasing widths for higher order lamellar reflections, indicative of simple lattice disorder within the multilayer. A generalized Patterson function analysis, previously developed for treating lamellar diffraction from lattice-disordered multilayers, was used to identify the autocorrelation function of the unit cell electron density profile. Subsequent deconvolution of this autocorrelation function provided the most probable unit cell electron density profile of the SR vesicle membrane pair. The resulting single membrane profile possesses marked asymmetry, suggesting that a major portion of the Ca++ -ATPase resides on the exterior of the vesicle. The electron density profile also suggests that the Ca++-dependent ATPase penetrates into the lipid hydrocarbon core of the SR membrane. Under conditions suitable for X-ray analysis, SR vesicles prepared as partially dehydrated oriented multilayers are shown to conserve most of their ATP-induced Ca++ uptake functionality, as monitored spectrophotometrically with the Ca++ indicator arsenazo III. This has been verified both in resuspensions of SR after centrifugation and slow partial dehydration, and directly in SR multilayers in a partially dehydrated state (20-30 percent water). Therefore, the profile structure of the SR membrane that we have determined may closely resemble that found in vivo.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
A cosine modulation artifact in modulation transfer function computations caused by the misregistration of line spread profiles.
Modulation transfer functions (MTFs) are used to analyze the spatial frequency transfer characteristics of medical imaging systems. By definition, accurate MTFs should not include the effects of image noise and they should not be aliased. Therefore, many techniques used to compute MTFs register and average together multiple profiles to improve both signal to noise and/or eliminate aliasing. It is demonstrated that improper registration of individual profiles can cause errors of up to 100% in the MTF. Computer modelling shows that a maximum allowable error of 2% in the MTF requires a registration precision of +/- 1/9 of a pixel for each profile, if the profile was sampled at twice the cutoff frequency of the MTF. One suggested registration method, demonstrated with experimental magnetic resonance image data, is 1.5 times more accurate than the minimum requirement.
Algorithms↗
Profile of Female Sexual Function: a patient-based, international, psychometric instrument for the assessment of hypoactive sexual desire in oophorectomized women.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-administered, patient-based questionnaire to assess loss of sexual desire and associated symptoms in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) experiencing distress. DESIGN: Preliminary items and domains of sexual function were identified through individual and focus group interviews with postmenopausal women in the United States and Europe. A subset of items was selected for translation and further analysis. Cognitive interviews were conducted with women with HSDD and non-HSDD women in eight countries to ensure items would have the same meaning in seven languages. The resulting instrument was tested in 325 oophorectomized women with HSDD and 255 age-matched nonoophorectomized control women in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. RESULTS: Psychometric item reduction analyses resulted in 37 items organized into seven domains characterizing female sexual function in postmenopausal women with HSDD. Excellent reliability and validity of the domains of the Profile of Female Sexual Function (PFSF) were observed in all geographic areas tested. Statistically significant differences between oophorectomized women with low libido and control women were found for all domains and all geographic areas. CONCLUSIONS: The PFSF is a new instrument specifically designed for measurement of sexual desire in oophorectomized women with low libido. Robust psychometric properties have been established in a large number of geographic regions and languages, making it useful for assessing therapeutic change in multinational clinical trials.
Adult↗
Cytokines in posterior uveitis: an update.
T helper (Th) lymphocytes differentiate into two distinct subsets--Th1 and Th2--as defined by functional abilities and cytokine profiles. The functional differences between Th subsets are explained primarily through the activities of the cytokines they secrete. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is the signature cytokine of Th1 cells, which also produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta). IL-4 is the corresponding signature cytokine of Th2 cells, which also secrete IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-13. Recently, a few transcription factors have been identified that not only control the expression of cytokines of a particular type but also repress cytokines of other types. Human Th1 and Th2 cells not only produce a different set of cytokines but also exhibit distinct functional properties and the preferential expression of some activation markers. Pathophysiologically, the two subsets have been found to be mutually antagonistic. Various Th1 and Th2 cytokines appear to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of posterior uveitis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). The exact contribution of these mediators to uveitis remains to be defined. Recent studies suggest that a shift from Th1- to Th2-dominated response could be of therapeutic benefit. This review evaluates various studies in which uveitopathogenic and therapeutic potentials of various Th1 and Th2 cytokines have been investigated.
Animals↗
Functional characterisation of the pharmacological profile of the putative alpha1B-adrenoceptor antagonist, (+)-cyclazosin.
We studied the functional pharmacological profile of (+)-cyclazosin, which has been characterised as a selective, high-affinity (pKi = 9.68) alpha1B-adrenoceptor ligand in binding experiments with rat liver membranes. The pKa/pA2 values for antagonism of contractions mediated via alpha1A/L-adrenoceptors of rat small mesenteric artery, alpha1B-adrenoceptors of rat aorta and alpha1B-adrenoceptors of rat spleen were 7.78 +/- 0.04, 6.86 +/- 0.07 and 7.96 +/- 0.08, respectively. Furthermore, in mouse spleen, which is also regarded as an alpha1B-adrenoceptor preparation, (+)-cyclazosin displayed low potency and did not act as a competitive antagonist. Thus, in contrast with results obtained in radioligand binding experiments, (+)-cyclazosin does not behave as a selective alpha1B-adrenoceptor antagonist in functional tissues. Whether this discrepancy has consequences for the classification of alpha1-adrenoceptors requires further investigation.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Functional genomics and gene expression profiling in sepsis: beyond class prediction.
Functional genomics involving genome-wide expression analyses is rapidly finding applications in clinical medicine. New technologies now permit the simultaneous analysis of mRNA levels for the entire human transcriptome from as few as 1000 cells. This approach is dramatically changing the way we define health and disease, allowing, for the first time, an unbiased view of the global changes in gene expression that are occurring. For the study of trauma biology and sepsis, this technology offers a powerful tool to develop molecular signatures for inflamed tissues and specific cell populations. At present, functional genomics is being used to classify the progress of disease and survival in response to traumatic and burn injury, sepsis and visceral ischemia, and reperfusion injury, as well as to describe patterns of gene expression in response to varying microbial pathogens. As the number of bioinformatics tools increases, functional genomics is beginning to reveal the underlying complexity of the biological response to a variety of inflammatory diseases and is providing new approaches for their exploration. Functional genomics is becoming a standard tool in inflammation research as a means to unravel the basic biological processes.
Animals↗
Wechsler IQ profiles in diagnosis of high-functioning autism.
A Wechsler Intelligence Scale profile characterized by VIQ < PIQ with lowest subtest score on Comprehension and highest on Block Design has been associated with autism. Recently, this profile has been applied to assess the accuracy of diagnosis in research samples and for differentiating autism from similar disorders in high-functioning individuals. Universality of this profile, however, has not been sufficiently demonstrated. We therefore examined WISC-R and WAIS-R profile characteristics in 81 rigorously diagnosed high-functioning (VIQ and FSIQ > 70) children (n = 45) and adults (n = 36) with autism. Analysis of the profiles in these groups did not reveal the presumed typical VIQ < PIQ pattern. The typical subtest pattern was found, but the magnitude of profile variability was small. We concluded that individuals with autism can demonstrate a wide range of ability levels and patterns on the Wechsler scales, without a single characteristic prototype. Use of IQ score profiles in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of autism in high-functioning individuals is not considered valid.
Adolescent↗
The Ilizarov method for correction of complex deformities. Psychological and functional outcomes.
We reviewed the psychological profile and functional ability of forty-five children (fifty-two extremities) who had had correction of deformities of the lower extremities with the Ilizarov method. Psychological changes were evaluated with the Post-Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire and the Children's Depression Inventory, and the functional status was measured with the Children Health Information Service Rand Scale. The over-all satisfaction of the patient with regard to the outcome of the operation was assessed as well. The operations were performed between 1988 and 1992. The average age at the time of the operation was twelve years (range, three to eighteen years), and the average duration of follow-up was thirty-six months (range, twenty-four to seventy-two months). The lengthening index, duration of lengthening, and average number of complications were similar to those reported in other studies. All of the children had a normal psychological score, forty-two had no limitations in daily activities, and thirty-seven were satisfied with the over-all result.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Psychologic profiles of and sexual function in women with vulvar vestibulitis and their partners.
OBJECTIVE: To compare psychologic profiles of women with vulvar vestibulitis and their partners with a normal population, and to identify sexual dysfunction in women and their partners. METHODS: Forty-three women with vulvar vestibulitis and 38 partners, recruited from a gynecology outpatient clinic, completed the Symptom Check List-90, the Short Dutch Version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire, and the Questionnaire for Screening Sexual Dysfunctions. RESULTS: The women with vulvar vestibulitis scored significantly higher on the somatization and shyness subscales than a normal population. They didn't differ in respect to their current level of psychologic distress, extraversion, risk of psychopathology, and marital satisfaction. Their partners had significantly lower scores for psychopathology than a normal population. They didn't differ from a normal population in respect to their level of psychologic distress, extraversion, shyness, somatization, and marital satisfaction. Women with vulvar vestibulitis reported more frequent problems and higher distress with genital pain, lubrication, sexual arousal, and negative emotions in the sexual interaction with the partner. During masturbation, however, they reported less frequent problems and distress. The partners of these women reported nearly no problems or distress in either sexual situation. CONCLUSION: Women with vulvar vestibulitis and their partners seem in general to be psychologically healthy, although vulvar vestibulitis may be associated with a situationally defined sexual dysfunction for the women.
Adolescent↗
Gene expression profiles in anatomically and functionally distinct regions of the normal aged human brain.
In this article, we have characterized and compared gene expression profiles from laser capture microdissected neurons in six functionally and anatomically distinct regions from clinically and histopathologically normal aged human brains. These regions, which are also known to be differentially vulnerable to the histopathological and metabolic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), include the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus (limbic and paralimbic areas vulnerable to early neurofibrillary tangle pathology in AD), posterior cingulate cortex (a paralimbic area vulnerable to early metabolic abnormalities in AD), temporal and prefrontal cortex (unimodal and heteromodal sensory association areas vulnerable to early neuritic plaque pathology in AD), and primary visual cortex (a primary sensory area relatively spared in early AD). These neuronal profiles will provide valuable reference information for future studies of the brain, in normal aging, AD and other neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Aged↗
A method for modulation transfer function determination from edge profiles with correction for finite-element differentiation.
In this paper we describe a technique for determining the modulation transfer function (MTF) of an imaging system from an experimentally obtained edge profile. The technique includes an exact correction for the frequency passband of the finite-element differentiation required to obtain the line spread function from the edge spread function. This correction has been ignored by investigators in the past and is required whenever finite-element differentiation is used rather than analytic differentiation of a model fitted to the edge response data. The magnitude of the MTF correction is approximately 11% at f = fc/2 and approximately 57% at f = fc, where fc = fs/2 is the maximum frequency reproducible without aliasing with a sampling rate of fs. The correction is performed in the spatial frequency domain by multiplying the uncorrected MTF by 1/sinc (pi f/2fc). A computer simulation is presented to demonstrate the effect and the correction procedure. An experimental MTF of an x-ray image intensifier system obtained using this technique is found to be consistent with an MTF obtained using a bar pattern test phantom.
Computer Simulation↗
The human platelet dense granule: serotonin uptake, tetrabenazine binding, phospholipid and ganglioside profiles.
The functioning and composition of human platelet dense granules were studied using granules purified by Percoll fractionation. Reserpine-blockable serotonin (5-HT) uptake by the dense granule fraction was characterized and also demonstrated in the crude membrane fraction. Tetrabenazine (TBZ)-displaceable [3H]ketanserin binding was used to label the granular 5-HT transporter. Scatchard analyses, Hill plots, displacement curves, and binding kinetics indicated that TBZ-displaceable [3H]ketanserin binding labeled a site similar to that previously reported for chromaffin granules and synaptic vesicles. Analysis of phospholipid profiles in platelet fractions revealed that most platelet lysolecithin was associated with the dense granule fraction. Ganglioside analysis indicated that the predominant platelet ganglioside, GM3, was highly enriched in the dense granule fraction. The data lend further support to the idea that the 5-HT transporter complex is similar in platelet dense granules, chromaffin granules, and synaptic vesicles. However, the ganglioside and phospholipid findings clearly distinguish the types of storage sites and raise questions concerning the functional roles of dense granule GM3 and lysolecithin.
Animals↗