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At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Nutritional assessment of chronic pulmonary emphysema and the significant relation of malnutrition to pulmonary function and respiratory muscle function].

We assessed nutritional status in 30 patients with pulmonary emphysema and 60 healthy controls. The relationship between nutritional status, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle function was also studied. Anthropometric measures, visceral proteins such as PA and RPB, and the Fischer ratio (BCAA/AAA), an index of imbalance of amino acids were significantly lower in the patients. The incidence of moderately malnourished patients with less than 80% of IBW was 40%. The incidence of hyporetinol-binding protein was 40%. 48% of the patients were found to show an amino acid imbalance. These findings suggested that protein-energy malnutrition in association with amino acid imbalance occurred commonly in patients with pulmonary emphysema. FEV1% correlated significantly with some anthropometric indices and the Fischer ratio. Respiratory muscle function, assessed by P1 max, correlated significantly with some anthropometric indices and grasp strength. These results suggested that the degree of airway obstruction and respiratory muscle function was associated with malnutrition characterized by the reduction of the Fischer ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Let's study exponential function related to anesthesiology by using computer graphics--Part I: Wash-out exponential function].

A computer simulation is used to analyze physical or biophysical changes related to anesthesiology mostly by computer oriented experts. Recent development in a personal computer and its program, however, has made it possible for more anesthesiologists to have an experience of computer analysis. For example, graphic expression of exponential functions can easily be obtained by using a computer program, such as "Graphnote" by Fukutake Pub. Co. In this literature, the author first explained the wash-out exponential function. Then estimation of changes in the hematocrit and serum protein concentration associated with blood loss during surgery was given as an example of biophysical phenomena related to anesthesiology, to which the wash-out exponential function is applicable for mathematical simulation. Besides, the author demonstrated the way to draw exponential function curves by using "Graphnote", so that the readers can express the curves by themselves.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Severity of alcohol dependence and social functioning of male patients with alcoholism. II. Functioning in parental, employee's and autonomous roles].

The relations between social functioning and severity of alcohol dependence of 40 male patients from Dependence Treatment Ward in Bydgoszcz were studied. Using the MAST, CAGE, and self clinical scale the cohort was divided into two groups: less and more severe dependent probands. The demographic and social data of patients from both groups did not differ significantly. Social functioning was evaluated by use the Scale of Social Roles taking into consideration the set of basic roles: role of guardian, family support, educator, superior, subordinate, member of social group, patient, and the role of child. The dispositions to perform the role, privileges, fulfilling the duties, activity, and harmonization of the role were estimated in each of the role mentioned above and in every patient. It was shown that subjects more dependent on alcohol are significantly less active in the role of family support, educator, subordinate, and they possess significantly less dispositions to the role of educator and superior. No differences were shown between the groups regarding other characteristics of each role. The comparison of joint structural elements of the whole set of roles among more dependent patients showed deficits of social functioning as follow: the impairment of dispositions and fulfilling of duties as well as lesser activity, in comparison with less dependent probands. The level of privileges obtained from the roles did not differ in both groups. The specific influence of alcohol dependence severity on the way of social functioning demonstrated in the study may show the directions of therapy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of cardiac structure and function in young persons with so-called functional murmurs (clinical echocardiographic research)].

As many as 70 males aged 14 to 28 years with functional systolic murmur and 16 young persons of the same age, in whom murmur failed to be detected both at rest and after 15 squattings and the hyperventilation test. It was shown by echocardiography that in addition to the proneness to the hyperdynamic type hemodynamics, the patients with functional murmurs manifested, in different anatomicofunctional heart zones, definite characteristics of the heart structure which in the majority of the examined (77.1%) were marked by deformity of the left ventricular contours. Therefore, the left ventricular chamber is the main area where in young persons there occurs functional systolic murmur. Frequent combination with each other of heart structure characteristics in persons with functional systolic murmur attests to the diversity of the causes and mechanisms by which it forms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Structure and functions of the human spleen: relationship between microcirculation and splenic functions].

Tissue blocks and vascular casts of the human spleen were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Splenic pulp was composed of white pulp packed with lymphocytes and red pulp which consisted of three dimensional reticular meshwork and splenic sinus. There were at least three types of microcirculation with different functions in the human spleen. First, open circulation in the red pulp is engaged in highly sensitive clearance of foreign materials in blood by numerous macrophages resided in splenic cord (culling function). It is also engaged in pitting function by narrow slits of the sinus. The second is the closed circulation occurred in the red pulp in the human spleen. It was represented as an arteriolar labyrinth whose endothelial cells connected with those of sinuses. Blood flow through this circulation is exposed to small number of macrophages in the sinus. It probably corresponds to the fast blood flow in the spleen. Third, microcirculation to the white pulp and marginal zone is engaged in phagocytosis of foreign materials in blood and carriage of their antigenic portions to lymphocytes in the white pulp. Therefore variation of the blood flow through their circulation may bring about a change of the splenic function. Relationship among blood flow, nerve stimulation and immune reaction was discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

The role of central nervous system functioning and family functioning in behavioral problems of children with myelodysplasia.

This study examined the frequency and type of behavioral problems in 50 children with myelodysplasia and investigated the hypothesized roles of central nervous system (CNS) functioning and family functioning in behavioral problem outcome. The findings revealed that 50% of the children with myelodysplasia had a behavioral problem pattern and another 2% had low social skills, yielding an overall problem pattern rate of 52%. There was a high frequency of internalizing behavior problem profiles and a very low frequency of externalizing behavior problem profiles. Although there was little support for the hypothesized mediating role of central nervous system functioning, considerable support was provided for the association of family functioning and behavior problem outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A method for the simultaneous evaluation of exocrine pancreatic function and intestinal absorptive function in dogs.

Exocrine pancreatic function was evaluated in 13 dogs, using the chymotrypsin-labile peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA). This peptide releases p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the presence of pancreatic chymotrypsin. The amount of PABA in blood or urine after BT-PABA administration then served as an index of pancreatic function. Similarly, a xylose absorption test has been described in the literature to evaluate absorptive function of the small intestine. Here, the pentose sugar d(+)xylose was given orally, and blood xylose concentrations were then measured at intervals. Since both tests were performed in nearly the same way, they were combined into a single test. A solution containing BT-PABA (30 mg/ml) and xylose (100 mg/ml) was administered perorally to dogs with and without pancreatic duct ligation. In the unoperated (control) dogs, peak blood concentrations for PABA occurred between 60 and 120 minutes and xylose concentrations were maximal between 30 and 90 minutes. Pancreatic duct ligation reduced PABA concentrations at 90 minutes to one-sixth of the values in control dogs. Xylose absorption, however, was not altered by pancreatic duct ligation. In this way, digestive and absorptive functions were both evaluated, using a single 90-minute test.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Post-reperfusion function evaluated using two-dimensional echocardiography in dog: systolic/diastolic function vs percent necrosis.

Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was performed in nine dogs with three hour proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and seven day reperfusion for sequentially mapping systolic functions (Seg-FAC%: percent segmental fractional area change) and diastolic functions (Seg-VLAC: mean velocity of segmental luminal area change) of eight segments in a mid-papillary left ventricular short-axis cross-section. The corresponding segment functions on 2DE to the most profoundly affected segment were evaluated by triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride staining seven days post reperfusion, and categorized in two groups in terms percent mural necrosis (N%): N% greater than or equal to 40% in group A and N% less than 40% in group B, respectively. Seg-FAC% showed a significant difference between the two groups seven days post reperfusion (13.4 +/- 9.4% in group A, 53.3 +/- 7.7% in group B), while Seg-VLAC showed significant differences in the groups at three hours post occlusion (-1.6 +/- 2.1 cm2/sec in group A and 3.2 +/- 2.6 cm2/sec in group B) and seven days post reperfusion (0.48 +/- 4.7 cm2/sec in group A and 7.5 +/- 2.4 cm2/sec in group B). At seven days post reperfusion, Seg-VLAC correlated negatively with N% (r = -0.94), while Seg-FAC% did not with N% (r = -0.58). It was concluded that Seg-VLAC, after three hours' occlusion, predicts the recovery of the regional left ventricular function seven days after reperfusion; and Seg-VLAC, seven days after reperfusion can estimate the regional transmurality of necrosis thereafter.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Reconciling stable asymmetry with recovery of function: an adaptive systems perspective on functional plasticity.

This article examines alternative ways of resolving an apparent paradox that has emerged from neuropsychological studies of language development: How can the developmentally stable functional asymmetry ("hemispheric specialization") observed in neurologically intact children be reconciled with the dramatic recovery of function often displayed following unilateral brain damage? The alternative resolutions we consider differ most critically in the roles they assign to lesion-induced neural reorganizations versus lesion-related release of preexisting functional potentials. Though arguments are given in favor of the latter as the primary factor in functional recovery, the primary goal of the article is to clarify the conceptual issues raised by recent empirical research.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

[Characteristics of disorders of renal function in circulatory insufficiency (according to I131-hippuran clearance and diurnal rhythm of the indicators of renal function].

The paper is based on a study of 270 cases of different stages of chronic circulatory insufficiency. A whole set of functional-diagnostic (radio-isotope including) methods of examination was employed to solve the task in question. It was found that one of the early signs of functional disorders in the kidneys in cases of circulatory insufficiency is, along with renal ischaemia, the pathology that is discovered during the examination of the functional phases of renograms. The characteristics of the circadian fluctuations of some renal function parameters are given. Two stages of the formation of the so-call renal syndrome in cases of chronic circulatory insufficiency were distinguished and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Depressed polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions associated with normal cytotoxic functions of T and natural killer cells during chronic hemodialysis.

The cytotoxic capacities of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells and the phagocytic functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were determined in a group of 20 patients with end stage disease who were being maintained on hemodialysis. The mononuclear cells from these patients were able to mediate normal T-cytotoxic functions in a xenogeneic cell-mediated lympholysis assay and normal NK cytotoxic capacity when tested against K562 target cells. Contrarily, polymorphonuclear functions in these patients were severely impaired. The reduction of Nitroblue tetrazolium in dark formazan (NBT test) and the direct phagocytosis of 2 pyogenic strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium) were equally and deeply depressed in almost all patients. This defect was not restored either by 4 hr of hemodialysis nor by 12 months of treatment. This study confirms a major role for a defect of polymorphonuclear cell functions in the depressed defence of patients on chronic hemodialysis against infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The ex vivo function and expression of function-associated antigens of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes.

The availability of recombinant human granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (rhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF) has prompted many studies of the analysis of antigen expression and function of monocytes and neutrophils from patients receiving these factors as therapeutic agents. Preparatory procedures for leukocytes are known to alter antigen expression and so function. We therefore investigated the use of a novel procedure in which live leukocytes are analyzed by flow cytometry without isolation from blood. The expression levels of CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD16, and CD18 antigens and L-selectin (TQ1 and Leu-8 epitopes) on neutrophils and monocytes from 15 normal individuals were determined and compared with a previously used method in which the leukocytes were fixed and the erythrocytes lysed before analysis. Significant differences for the apparent expression of CD11b, CD18, and L-selectin were observed between the two methods. The reasons for this were investigated. Since the new method allowed analysis of live cells, we also investigated whether modulation of antigen expression could be determined following receptor agonist interaction. This was found to be easily achievable, and we advocate using the new procedure where possible for the ex vivo analysis of function and function-associated antigens on monocytes and neutrophils.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Functional ability and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: use of the Functional Independence Measure and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index].

Functional disability and quality of life were evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index, respectively, in 57 subjects (15 men and 42 women) with a mean disease duration of 15 years. Scores on both these nonspecific scales correlated with those obtained using instruments specifically designed for rheumatoid arthritis (ARA index, Lee index) and with a number of clinical parameters including patient age, disease duration and number of affected joints. Functional ability was correlated with quality of life in this study and in others performed using other evaluation tools. Nonspecific assessment scales are useful for comparing function and quality of life in various diseases.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1975

Exocrine pancreatic function in protein-deficient patas monkeys studied by means of a test meal and an indirect pancreatic function test.

Exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in 9 patas monkeys before and during protein depletion, and in 4 of them also during recovery from protein depletion. Pancreatic function was estimated by measuring enzymatic activities in the duodenal contents after a test meal and by determination of urinary excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid (pancreatic function test) after oral ingestion of the chymotrypsin-labile peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid. The average serum albumin dropped by 34.8% to 2.6 g per 100 ml. Significant decrease of trypsin, lipase, amylase, and chymotrypsin was observed in the duodenal samples during protein deficiency. Urinary excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid was also reduced significantly. The two tests correlated well. In 3 of 4 animals, recovery of pancreatic function was noted after refeeding a full protein diet. Pancreatic atrophy was noted in 2 animals which died. The study shows that exocrine pancreatic secretion can be seriously impaired even at a moderate protein deficiency and may not be reversibly in all instances. Therefore, function tests have to be evaluated with caution when hypoproteinemia, i.e., hypoalbuminemia, is present.

Aminobenzoates↗
PubMed1994

Location of hand function in the sensorimotor cortex: MR and functional correlation.

PURPOSE: To determine the location of hand function in the sensorimotor cortex using MR and positron emission tomography imaging studies. METHODS: Anatomic and physiological methods were used for this study. Anatomic study was based on the MR analysis of 22 subjects. The length of the sensorimotor cortex was measured in the axial and sagittal planes. Physiologic study was based on the positron emission tomography studies of 4 subjects. Each of the studies was correlated with MR. RESULTS: We found that the superior genu of the central sulcus corresponds to hand function in the sensorimotor cortex. This level may prove useful for any clinical correlations or for surgery. CONCLUSIONS: From this study, the hand function area in the sensorimotor cortex is easily understood with its characteristic shape in axial MR scan. The comparison of MR and positron emission tomography data clearly show anatomic correlations. This may be applied to the functional mapping of the pathologic studies in the sensorimotor cortex regions.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[High dose inhaled steroids in the treatment of bronchial asthma. A comparison of the effects of budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate on pulmonary function, symptoms, bronchial reactivity and adrenocortical function].

The effects of high-dose inhaled budesonide (800 micrograms twice daily) and those of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (750 micrograms twice daily) were compared with respect to lung function, symptoms, bronchial reactivity and adrenocortical function in a doubleblind, double-dummy cross-over study. The subjects were 40 adult patients suffering from either allergic or non-allergic asthma. The asthma was categorized as moderate to severe, and the asthma was insufficiently controlled on inhalational steroids given in doses of 300 to 500 micrograms daily. After a two week "run-in" period the patients were randomized to six weeks treatment with either budesonide or beclomethasone dipropionate, followed by six weeks treatment with the opposite drug. Both inhaled budesonide and inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate were able to improve objective measures of lung function and bronchial sensitivity to histamine. Neither drug affected adrenocortical function, and no serious side-effects were noted during the trial. It is concluded that budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate are safe and effective drugs for the treatment of asthma in adults. The substances are equally effective taken microgram for microgram.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

Selective broad-band spatial frequency loss in contrast sensitivity functions. Comparison with a model based on optical transfer functions.

PURPOSE: Contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) were measured under various optical conditions in healthy observers together with CSFs from selected patients. Threshold increases across the spatial frequency range were compared with predictions of a theoretical optical model based on modulation transfer functions. METHODS: Contrast thresholds for various spatial frequencies were determined with a computer-automated method of ascending limits in a control group and a group of patients with various visual pathway diseases ranging from retinal disorders, such as diabetic retinopathy, to neural disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. For normal control subjects, simulated contrast sensitivity losses also were effected by manipulating pupil diameter and dioptric blur. Modulation transfer functions of the eye's optics in polychromatic light were calculated. The wave aberration function included standard spherical aberration, coma, and small amounts of irregular aberrations. RESULTS: Experimentally, slight dioptric blur (e.g., 0.4 to 0.75 D) introduced increased CSF thresholds within either a narrow or broad bandwidth. For the latter, decreased CSF sensitivity occurred across a spatial frequency range as broad as 1 log unit, from low spatial frequencies (2 cyc/deg), and for pupil sizes equal to or larger than 3 mm. Predictions based on an optical model are qualitatively and quantitatively in agreement with these findings. Contrast sensitivity losses of the patients were neither specific nor selective to the pathologic condition at hand. Furthermore, various CSF losses optically induced in the control subjects were indistinguishable from nonoptically induced pathologic CSF profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Selective broad-band contrast sensitivity loss may be optically induced by slight refractive error. As a result, selective contrast sensitivity loss at lower and intermediate spatial frequencies concurrent in patients with various pathologic, neuro-ophthalmologic conditions cannot be a priori attributed to neural factors without carefully controlled and well-defined optical variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[111In-DTPA-D-Phe]-octreotide scintigraphy in functioning and non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Scintigraphy with [111In-DTPA-D-Phe]-octreotide is a recently developed technique for imaging somatostatin receptors in many neuroendocrine tumors. A good correlation between high [111In-DTPA-D-Phe]-octreotide uptake and the response to octreotide therapy has been proved in TSH- and GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, while few and conflicting scintigraphic data on somatostatin receptors in non-functioning tumors have been reported in the literature. The present study presents the results obtained with [111In-DTPA-D-Phe]-octreotide scintigraphy in thirteen patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenoma, four patients with inappropriate TSH-secretion and twelve patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Twelve out of the 13 patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenomas had a positive scan; moreover, in 5/6 patients with a GH-secreting microadenoma (tumor size range 5-8 mm) a positive scan was found. Two TSH-secreting macroadenomas had a positive scan while a negative scan was obtained for a TSH-secreting pituitary microadenoma and in a patient with non-neoplastic, inappropriate secretion of TSH. Finally, only 2/12 patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma showed a positive scan. In conclusion, [111In-DTPA-D-Phe]-octreotide scintigraphy is a useful tool to confirm the presence of somatostatin receptors in selected patients with GH- and TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma. The role of [111In-DTPA-D-Phe]-octreotide scintigraphy in non-functioning pituitary tumors remains to be established, but it could be useful for octreotide treatment in patients who refuse surgery or who are poor surgical candidates.

Adenoma↗