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PubMed1991

The C-terminal domain of plant catalases. Implications for a glyoxysomal targeting sequence.

A castor bean (Ricinus communis cv. Hale) cDNA encoding catalase was cloned and sequenced. The cDNA encoding the carboxy-terminal domain of catalase was compared to the corresponding sequences of six other plant catalases. The deduced amino acid sequences were compared according to the chemical attributes of each amino acid within each carboxy-terminal domain. A tripeptide sequence having the chemical attributes of the peroxisomal targeting sequence [Gould, S.J., Keller, G.-A., Hosken, N., Wilkinson, J. & Subramani, S. (1989) J. Cell Biol. 108, 1657-1664] was common to all the glyoxysomal/peroxisomal plant catalases. This sequence motif was located six amino acids from the carboxy terminus of each of the plant catalases. An identical motif was also found within the carboxy-terminal domain of three mammalian catalases previously sequenced. We hypothesize that these motifs are at least part of the targeting mechanism for catalase entry into plant glyoxysomes/peroxisomes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[A transcultural view of neurological and mental pathology in a Tzeltal Maya community of the Altos Chiapas].

OBJECTIVES: This anthropological study forms part of field-work undertaken in Mahosik, a Tzeltal Maya community of 250 inhabitants in the Altos de Chiapas, to obtain insight into the neurological and psychosomatic pathology in an ethnic and cultural setting different to ours. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Accompanied by a Tzeltal translator we interviewed various witch-doctors and faith healers of the Tzeltal Maya tribe to find out their ideas about neurological and mental diseases and the treatments used. RESULTS: Headache or "k'ux jolol' is the fourth most common cause of consultation after acute respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and fevers. To relieve it, the boiled leaves of the bush "payté' ("Tagetes neisonii') are used as a medicinal bath. Migraine, "yaxti-wanjol chawaj' is treated with the raw, crushed roots of the herbs "chopak pox' and "bakte pox' together with the practice of cutting the patient with a piece of glass in the temporal region, deep enough to make him bleed. Epilepsy or "tub tub ikal' is caused by an abuse suffered by the animal spirit which accompanies the individual, after a fight between the animal-companions or spirits which serve the forces of Good and Evil. The person with chronic crises is considered a witch. Depression or "melotan' is fairly common. This is treated with camomile tea containing an orange and a lime leaf. "Xiwel' or fear is one of the commonest psychosomatic disorders. The faith-healer has to return the lost spirit to its owner in a ceremony involving prayer, alcohol and the sacrifice of a fowl. Psychosis or "jowijel' may be due to alcohol, dog bite or witch craft and has no cure. Madness "chawaj' is caused by bewitchment during a nightmare. It is treated with the sap of "viborana' mixed with wild beans.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2003

Mollaret's meningitis: cytopathologic analysis of fourteen cases.

Mollaret's meningitis (MM) is a rare disease of benign nature characterized by recurrent episodes of aseptic meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination remains the sole diagnostic modality. Eighteen CSF samples from 14 patients were studied along with the clinical data. Specimens were prepared by cytocentrifugation and Millipore filtration and were stained with Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou stains. Eight patients were men and six were women, with an age range of 17-74 yr (mean age 37 yr). Most common clinical presentation was recurrent episodes of headaches and photophobia followed by a sustained mild fever lasting 5-7 days. The CSF showed markedly increased cellularity with pleocytosis. The differential count showed predominant monocytosis ranging from 84% to 100% (mean 96). In our series, two patients had herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the CSF. The monocytes were seen predominantly singly, but three cases showed a strong tendency to aggregate in small groups. Phenotypically, these cells had bean-shaped bilobed nuclei as well as multiple deep nuclear clefts depicting the so-called "footprint" appearance. In four cases, multiple blunt-tipped cytoplasmic pseudopods were noted. Degenerated monocytes with the appearance of the so-called "ghost cells" were noted in one-half of the cases. Background cells were mostly small mature lymphocytes; however, one-half of cases showed a significant amount of plasma cells and/or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Lysed blood with hemosiderin-laden macrophages and numerous leptomeningeal cells were seen in two cases. CSF examination of MM presents a spectrum of cytomorphologic features. When interpreted in light of the appropriate clinical setting. the latter, although nonspecific, provides an accurate diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes various degenerative, inflammatory/infectious, and lymphoproliferative disorders of the central nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Biomechanical model calculation of muscle contraction forces: a double linear programming method.

This paper presents a novel scheme for the use of linear programming to calculate muscle contraction forces in models describing musculoskeletal system biomechanics. Models of this kind are frequently found in the biomechanics literature. In most cases they involve muscle contraction force calculations that are statically indeterminate, and hence use optimization techniques to make those calculations. We present a linear programming optimization technique that solves a two-objective problem with two sequential linear programs. We use the technique here to minimize muscle intensity and joint compression force, since those are commonly used objectives. The two linear program model has the advantages of low computation cost, ready implementation on a micro-computer, and stable solutions. We show how to solve the model analytically in simple cases. We also discuss the use of the dual problem of linear programming to gain understanding of the solution it provides.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Organization and evolution of a higher plant alphoid-like satellite DNA sequence.

Two recombinant plasmids containing, respectively, three and eight tandem repeats of a 177 base-pair (bp) element from radish nuclear DNA have been isolated. These plasmids were used as probes to investigate the organization and the copy number of this element within the genome. This sequence is present in congruent to 0.6 million copies. Restriction analysis provides evidence for sequence heterogeneity and reveals the occurrence of non-overlapping subfamilies. Nine units were sequenced and found to be remarkably conserved. However, sequences in the two clones clearly belong to two distinct subgroups. Our data suggest that these sequences evolved in a concerted manner and that homogenization mechanisms such as gene conversions certainly took place. The 177 bp sequence is made from three 60 bp blocks that are derived from a common ancestor. Exchanges between the three blocks probably occurred before they became fixed as a patchwork of short sequences, the 177 bp element. This unit of 177 bp was then amplified in several steps. The presence of such a repeated sequence can be detected in other Cruciferae when hybridizations are carried out under low stringency conditions. Direct comparison with a previously published mustard satellite DNA sequence indicates a similar organization and a 75% homology. Homology was also found with shorter regions (congruent to 60 bp) of broad bean and corn satellite DNA. Finally, homology was also found with several animal alphoid sequences, suggesting that this family also occurs in the plant genomes.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1996

Substrate mimicry in the active center of a mammalian alpha-amylase: structural analysis of an enzyme-inhibitor complex.

BACKGROUND: alpha-Amylases catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages in starch and other related polysaccharides. The alpha-amylase inhibitor (alpha-Al) from the bean Phaseolus vulgaris belongs to a family of plant defence proteins and is a potent inhibitor of mammalian alpha-amylases. The structure of pig pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA) in complex with both a carbohydrate inhibitor (acarbose) and a proteinaceous inhibitor (Tendamistat) is known, but the catalytic mechanism is poorly understood. RESULTS: The crystal structure of pig pancreatic alpha-amylase complexed with alpha-Al was refined to 1.85 A resolution. It reveals that in complex with PPA, the inhibitor has the typical dimer structure common to legume lectins. Two hairpin loops extending out from the jellyroll fold of a monomer interact directly with the active site region of the enzyme molecule, with the inhibitor molecule filling the whole substrate-docking region of the PPA. The inhibitor makes substrate-mimetic interactions with binding subsites of the enzyme and targets catalytic residues in the active site. Binding of inhibitor induces structural changes at the active site of the enzyme. CONCLUSIONS: The present analysis reveals that there are extensive interactions between the inhibitor and residues that are highly conserved in the active site of alpha-amylases; alpha-Al1 inactivates PPA through elaborate blockage of substrate-binding sites. It provides a basis to design peptide analogue inhibitors. alpha-Amylase inhibition is of interest from several points of view, for example the treatment of diabetes and for crop protection.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1995

The genome organization of banana bunchy top virus: analysis of six ssDNA components.

We have cloned, sequenced and analysed an additional five circular ssDNA components of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) which we have called components 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. These components were present in all BBTV infections tested. Four of these components (components 3, 4, 5 and 6) had one large open reading frame (ORF) in the virion sense located 3' of a stem-loop structure. Each ORF had a potential TATA box and one or two potential polyadenylation signals associated with it and each polyadenylation signal had an associated GC-rich region containing the trinucleotide sequence TTG. A number of ORFs were identified in component 2 but none of these had appropriately located potential TATA boxes and polyadenylation signals associated with them. None of the ORF amino acid sequences nor the full DNA sequences of any of the components had significant sequence identity with any known protein or nucleic acid sequences. However, the ORF of component 4 encoded a 30 residue hydrophobic domain which may indicate that this ORF encoded a transmembrane protein. Further, the ORFs of components 3 and 5 potentially encoded proteins of about 20 kDa, the size of the BBTV coat protein. There were two regions of sequence identity between the five components described here and the previously described component 1. Each component contained a conserved stem-loop structure and a nonanucleotide potential TATA box which was 5' of the large virion-sense ORF in five of the components. The stem-loop structures were incorporated in a common region (CR-SL) of 69 nucleotides which was 62% identical between components. All six BBTV components also contained a major common region (CR-M) which was located 5' of the CR-SL in each component, in the non-coding region and was 76% identical over 92 nucleotides. Each CR-M contained a near-complete 16 nucleotide direct repeat and a GC-box which was similar to the rightward promoter element found in wheat dwarf geminivirus. From these results, BBTV appears to belong to an undescribed plant virus group which could also include subterranean clover stunt virus, coconut foliar decay virus, faba bean necrotic yellows virus and milk vetch dwarf virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of pesticide residues in nonfatty foods by supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: collaborative study.

A collaborative study was conducted to determine multiple pesticide residues in apple, green bean, and carrot by using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seventeen laboratories from 7 countries participated in the final study, and a variety of different instruments was used by collaborators. The procedure simply entails 3 steps: (1) mix 1.1 g drying agent (Hydromatrix) per 1 g frozen precomminuted sample, and load 4-5.5 g of this mixture into a 7-10 mL extraction vessel; (2) perform SFE for 20-30 min with a 1-2 mL/min flow rate of carbon dioxide at 0.85 g/mL density (320 atm, 60 degrees C); and (3) inject the extract, which was collected on a solid-phase or in a liquid trap, into the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, using either an ion-trap instrument in full-scan mode or a quadrupole-type instrument in selected-ion monitoring mode. The ability of GC/MS to simultaneously quantitate and confirm the identity of the semivolatile analytes at trace concentrations is a strong feature of the approach. The selectivity of SFE and GC/MS avoids the need for post-extraction cleanup steps, and the conversion of the CO2 solvent to a gas after SFE eliminates the solvent evaporation step common in traditional methods. The approach has several advantages, but its main drawback is the lower recoveries for the most polar analytes, such as methamidophos and acephate, and the most nonpolar analytes, such as pyrethroids. Recoveries for most pesticides are >75%, and recoveries of nonpolar analytes are still >50%. The (within-laboratory) repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values of the recoveries are generally <15%. More specifically, the average results from the 9-14 laboratories in the final analysis of 6 blind duplicates at 3 concentrations for each pesticide are as follows: carbofuran in apple (75-500 ng/g), 89% recovery, 7% RSDr, 9% reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR); diazinon in apple (60-400 ng/g), 83% recovery, 13% RSDr, 17% RSDR; vinclozolin in apple (6-400 ng/g), 97% recovery, 13% RSDr, 18% RSDR; chlorpyrifos in apple (50-300 ng/g), 105% recovery, 11% RSDr, 13% RSDR; endosulfan sulfate in apple (150-1000 ng/g), 95% recovery, 15% RSDr, 17% RSDR; trifluralin in green bean (30-200 ng/g), 58% recovery, 11% RSDr, 27% RSDR; dacthal in green bean (60-400 ng/g), 88% recovery, 11% RSDr, 17% RSDR; quintozene in green bean (60-400 ng/g), 79% recovery, 13% RSDr, 18% RSDR; chlorpyrifos in green bean (50-300 ng/g), 84% recovery, 11% RSDr, 17% RSDR; p,p'-DDE in green bean (45-300 ng/g), 64% recovery, 14% RSDr, 27% RSDR; atrazine in carrot (75-500 ng/g), 90% recovery, 11% RSDr, 15% RSDR; metalaxyl in carrot (75-500 ng/g), 89% recovery, 8% RSDr, 12% RSDR; parathion-methyl in carrot (75-500 ng/g), 84% recovery, 14% RSDr, 15% RSDR; chlorpyrifos in carrot (50-300 ng/g), 77% recovery, 13% RSDr, 19% RSDR; and bifenthrin in carrot (90-600 ng/g), 63% recovery, 12% RSDr, and 25% RSDR. All analytes except for the nonpolar compounds trifluralin, p,p'-DDE, and bifenthrin gave average Horwitz ratios of <1.0 when AOAC criteria were used. These 3 analytes had high RSDr values but lower RSDR values, which indicated that certain SFE instruments gave consistently lower recoveries for nonpolar compounds. The collaborative study results demonstrate that the method meets the purpose of many monitoring programs for pesticide residue analysis, and the Study Director recommends that it be adopted Official First Action.

Food Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of the contamination by ochratoxin A of green and roasted coffee beans.

A study was performed to evaluate the contamination by ochratoxin A in coffee beans. Twenty-nine samples of green coffee were collected from large lots of material by representative sampling. The analyses of green coffee samples showed a significantly high contamination percentage (58%) ranging from 0.2 to 15 micrograms/kg. Naturally and artificially contaminated samples were roasted at different operation times (5-6 min) to verify the percentage of destruction of the mycotoxin. The percentage ranged from 48% to 87% and from 90% to 100% in artificially and naturally contaminated samples respectively. The beverages prepared from artificially contaminated coffee using the most common types of coffee makers showed no residues of ochratoxin A.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2004

Morphological characterization of Anticarsia gemmatalis M nucleopolyhedrovirus infection in haemocytes from its natural larval host, the velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

For a better understanding of virus x host interactions, transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the intrahaemocoelic infection of Anticarsia gemmatalis larval haemocytes by A. gemmatalis M nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV). At 12 h post-infection (h p.i.), we observed nuclear hypertrophy, budded virus assembling, and protrusion towards the cytoplasm, virion envelopment, and accumulation of fibrillar aggregates in the cytoplasm. Around 24 h p.i., fibrillar aggregates also appeared inside nuclei of infected cells. By 48 h p.i., virogenic stroma and polyhedra were visualised in nuclei and at 72 h p.i., widespread infection in haemocytes was observed. Cell remnants and free polyhedra were phagocytosed by granular haemocyte 1 and plasmatocytes. Entire cells were phagocytosed only by plasmatocytes. Necrosis of infected cells was quite common, suggesting a putative cytotoxic response. Granular haemocyte 1 presented a more exuberant protrusion of budded viruses in comparison to other haemocytes. All types of haemocytes were shown to be infected, and the intense virus replication in some of these cells reveals the importance of haemolymph for AgMNPV spread in its natural host, a critical factor for permissiveness.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Bone-anchored hearing aids: results of the first eight years of a programme in a district general hospital, assessed by the Glasgow benefit inventory.

OBJECTIVES: To report the clinical results of a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) programme in a district general hospital, compared with those in an established, large, university teaching hospital centre. DESIGN: A retrospective postal questionnaire sent to BAHA patients, with two month waiting time and one reminder, combined with case note analysis. Results compared by appropriate statistical tests with published outcomes data from the largest UK series. SETTING: Public sector (National Health Service) district general hospital, England. Catchment population: 300,000 (mixed rural and small towns). PARTICIPANTS: Case note analysis of sixty-three patients implanted between 1994 and 2003 (age range, six to 88 years). The commonest indication was chronic otitis media, with inability to wear a conventional hearing aid. Otitis externa, otosclerosis and sensorineural hearing loss were other indications. The questionnaire was sent to 59 patients who had worn their aid for at least six months; it was returned by 41 (69 per cent). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glasgow benefit inventory (GBI, change in health status following otolaryngological intervention); incidence of complications. RESULTS: Bone-anchored hearing aid implantation significantly improved quality of life as measured by the GBI (p<0.001). The degree of improvement was similar to that achieved in Birmingham by Proops et al. (p>0.05, chi-squared test). Minor temporary skin infection was common (33 per cent). Thickening of the skin around the implant occurred in 17 per cent. One implant (2 per cent) failed. There were no serious complications. CONCLUSION: The BAHA is a safe, reliable and effective treatment for selected patients. A successful BAHA programme can be run in a district general hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus group includes two distinct genetic subgroups that differ pathologically and biologically.

The intracellular development and RNA composition of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) isolates were determined by electron microscopy, sucrose gradient centrifugation, and RNase T1 fingerprinting. Replication of FA virus, a virulent strain of TMEV, was characterized by the appearance of viral crystalline arrays in the cytoplasm of infected cells. In contrast, cells infected with the less virulent isolates (WW, TO4, BeAn 8386, and Yale) showed no crystalline arrays; instead, virions were found to be arranged between two layers of membranes in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Analysis of the RNAs of TMEV isolates showed that the RNAs were single-stranded molecules having sedimentation coefficients of 35S. RNase T1 fingerprinting of TMEV RNA revealed that striking differences between the virulent and less virulent TMEV isolates existed. Moreover, base composition analysis of RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides of two TMEV isolates which represented the two subgroups indicated that there were no substantial oligonucleotides common to both subgroups. Based on these findings and the known difference in virulence, we suggest that the TMEV group contains two genetically district subgroups of viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The induction of gut hyperplasia by phytohaemagglutinin in the diet and limitation of tumour growth.

The growth of a transplantable murine non-Hodgkin lymphoma tumour, developing either intraperitoneally as an ascites tumour or subcutaneously as a solid tumour, has been shown to be markedly diminished by including phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), a lectin present in raw kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the diet. In NMRI mice fed PHA within the range 0.45-7.0 mg/g diet, tumours which developed during a 10 day period after subcutaneous injection of cells were about 35% of the dry weight of those in lactalbumin-fed (control) animals. The reduced rate of growth occurred in a dose-dependent manner within the range 0.45-3.5 mg/g diet. Based on these observations it has been suggested that a competition between the gut epithelium undergoing hyperplasia and the developing tumour may occur for nutrients from a common body pool, and this may be an important factor with regard to the observed initial low level of tumour growth following the feeding of a PHA-containing diet. Observations which showed that the level of hyperplasia of the small bowel in response to feeding the PHA diets was higher in non-injected mice compared to those which had been injected with tumour cells substantiated the concept of competition between gut and tumour for nutrients etc. required for growth. Experiments with a second murine tumour cell line (a plasmacytoma) in Balb/c mice gave similar results indicating that the effect of PHA was not restricted to a single tumour system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Use of intrinsic antibiotic resistance for characterisation and identification of rhizobia from nodules of Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. and Phaseolus vulgaris (L).

Intrinsic resistance to low concentrations of antibiotics was used to characterise 83 isolates from nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Characterisation and differentiation of isolates from cowpea was made difficult by associated fast-growing bacteria inside the nodule tissue. Thus, reliable pure culture was difficult to secure without repeated isolation and even via nodulation of the appropriate homologous host. Although the technique may be satisfactory for differentiation and identification of fast-growing rhizobia, it is rated inferior to serology on aspects of facility, time and accuracy where rhizobia from cowpea nodules are concerned. Fingerprint patterns of isolates revealed considerable heterogeneity amongst the populations even where there was commonality of location and/or host plant. Pure cultures of slow-growing rhizobia from V. unguiculata nodules were generally more resistant to the concentrations of antibiotics used than fast-growing nodule bacteria from P. vulgaris.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of ethylene production by cobaltous ion.

The effect of Co(2+) on ethylene production by mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) and by apple tissues was studied. Co(2+), depending on concentrations applied, effectively inhibited ethylene production by both tissues. It also strongly inhibited the ethylene production induced by IAA, kinetin, IAA plus kinetin, Ca(2+), kinetin plus Ca(2+), or Cu(2+) treatments in mung bean hypocotyl segments. While Co(2+) greatly inhibited ethylene production, it had little effect on the respiration of apple tissue, indicating that Co(2+) does not exert its inhibitory effect as a general metabolic inhibitor. Ni(2+), which belongs to the same group as Co(2+) in the periodic table, also markedly curtailed both the basal and the induced ethylene production by apple and mung bean hypocotyl tissues.In a system in which kinetin and Ca(2+) were applied together, kinetin greatly enhanced Ca(2+) uptake, thus enhancing ethylene production. Co(2+), however, slightly inhibited the uptake of Ca(2+) but appreciably inhibited ethylene production, either in the presence or in the absence of kinetin. Tracer experiments using apple tissue indicated that Co(2+) strongly inhibited the in vivo conversion of l-[U-(14)C]methionine to (14)C-ethylene. These data suggest that Co(2+) inhibited ethylene production by inhibiting the conversion of methionine to ethylene, a common step which is required for ethylene formation by higher plants.Co(2+) is known to promote elongation, leaf expansion, and hook opening in excised plant parts in response to applied auxins or cytokinins. Since ethylene is known to inhibit these growth phenomena, it is suggested that Co(2+) exerts its promotive effect, at least in part, by inhibiting ethylene formation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

The effects of surfactants on adhesion, spreading, and retention of herbicide droplet on the surface of the leaves and seeds.

Droplet adhesion, spreading, and retention on leaf and seed surfaces are studied in the presence of surfactants for successful formulation of a herbicide whereby efficient coverage, less wastage, and environment protection are achieved. Cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants, e.g., HTAB, SDBS, and tergitol, were added to water and the static contact angle of water droplet was measured on cauliflower, cabbage, spinach leaves, French bean, wheat, and Bengal gram seeds. Droplet adhesion, spreading, and retention were analysed in terms of static contact angle and physical properties of the system. The presence of a small quantity (0.1 wt.%) of tergitol in water increased the adhesion, spreading, and retention of droplet on all leaf and seed surfaces tested. Tergitol, a nonionic surfactant, is likely to be adsorbed more than the ionic surfactants HTAB and SDBS at the water/leaf (or seed)/air interface since plant leaves and seeds are nonionic in nature. The addition of 0.1% wt. of tergitol to a common herbicide, derosal, increases the adhesion, spreading, and retention of derosal on leaf and seed surfaces, consequently, efficient coverage and minimum wastage are attained.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1992

Microheterogeneity in purified broad bean polyphenol oxidase.

Polyphenoloxidase was purified from chloroplasts of broad bean leaves (Vicia faba L.) to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme was composed of two proteins with an apparent mass of 65 and 68 kilodaltons after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isolated enzyme contained covalently attached carbohydrates and bound concanavalin A, Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin lectins. Under native isoelectric focusing, several charged isoforms were present in the pH range of 4 to 6. Many, if not all, of the isoforms separated by isoelectric focusing were glycosylated and bound concanavalin A. All these isoforms shared a 65 kilodalton protein in common, and some of the isoforms were associated with both a 65 and 68 kilodalton protein. Isoforms separated by isoelectric focusing in the presence of 9 molar urea followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a similar pattern of proteins within a slightly higher pH range from 5 to 6.5.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae recovered from Missouri swine.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 73 Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae isolates from swine in Missouri was determined with a microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration test system. Serotyping was accomplished by means of co-agglutination. Serotype 1 (39/73) and serotype 5 (30/73) were commonly found, whereas serotype 7 (4/73) was infrequently encountered. Most isolates (MIC90) were found susceptible to ampicillin (amoxicillin), cephalothin, penicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and kanamycin. Marked resistance was found with oxytetracycline, tylosin, and sulfadimethoxine. The data indicate that use of ampicillin (amoxicillin) or penicillin may correlate well with the favorable outcome of treatment.

Animals↗