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PubMedDate not supplied

[Family and psychosocial variables in the choice of university studies].

INTRODUCTION: Family order of the children and family size as well as other psychosocial variables on University of the Basque Country (UBC) students are compared in order to relate these data with the choice of type of university studies. METHODS: As a sample, we studied 6,013 students from the UBC in different careers and courses. Mean age was 20.26 years. The following instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Scale and Yllá Alexithymia Scale. All them were validated for our country. RESULTS: The presence of women was greater in all the career studies except for engineering where the proportion of men was greater. The data verify the relationship between being the youngest or intermediate child of a family of three or more children and studying Journalism and Fine Arts and that the first born of families of two or more children are more represented in Engineering. It is interesting that there are fewer only children in Medicine where children of families of three or more, both first-born as well as intermediate, go. These variables, as well as extraversion, neuroticism and alexithymia, were different in the different career studies. It was also observed that the female university students scored higher in the neuroticism scale and that the levels of Alexithymia were higher among the men. Further, relations were found between child birth order and family size and personality, in the sense that the Medical and Odontology careers presented lower scores in Alexithymia while the more technical careers such as Engineering are those that present a higher alexithymia. Medicine and Odontology, followed by Mathematics and Journalism, obtained the highest scores in neuroticism. Engineering students obtain the lowest neuroticism. The most extroverted students are those from Journalism, Chemistry, Economics and Odontology. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of university studies is associated to gender, birth order, family size and personality patterns. Personality variables are related to gender, birth order and family size.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of surveillance system and preventive measures on the control of severe acute respiratory syndrome in a university in Guangdong Province of China].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the surveillance system and preventive measurements on the control of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in a university in Guangdong Province. METHODS: A university with more than thirty thousand undergraduates, staff and their relatives was retrospectively studied, from which information regarding the status of epidemic, organization of leadership, disease control strategies and measures were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The construction of the surveillance system in such a model as "individual-dormitory/home-class/unite-faculty and institute-university" largely contributed to the achievement of the goals of low incidence, no secondary, no epidemic, and no death. A series of control measures benefited the early diagnosis, effective isolation, prevention, and treatment of SARS control. CONCLUSION: SARS could be effectively controlled in university only if strict surveillance system is built up, and all-round preventions, including early isolation of both confirmed or suspected cases and close contacted persons, are carried out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Andres Bello and the origins of the University of Chile].

During colonial times the Royal University of San Felipe was founded in 1738. The first plan for medical studies was outlined in 1779. During the Independence, the National Institute created in 1813 took over higher education. The first Course of Medicine was dictated there in 1833. The University of San Felipe was replaced by the University of Chile in 1842. Andrés Bello, its first Rector, developed the constituting laws of the University.

Chile↗
PubMed1977

University education for the physically disabled.

Two per thousand of the student population are physically handicapped. The facilities for the care of physically disabled students were surveyed at the 34 universities that have full-time medical officers and primary medical teams. It was found that communication before arrival about special medical and nursing needs of the student is insufficient, that there is inadequate liaison within the universities between the admissions office and the medical unit, and a lack of published statements by the universities about the admission of the physically disabled.In contrast, the facilities available for the handicapped student are considerable, the academic success rate high, the range of serious disability being successfully coped with is extensive, and there is a need for more encouragement in the community for the physically disabled to undertake, where intellectually capable, a university education.

Architecture↗
PubMed2004

Smoking in a New Zealand university student sample.

AIMS: The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of smoking in the University of Otago student population, and to compare estimates with those for university students in other countries, and with other similarly aged youth in New Zealand. METHODS: In 2002, 1910 randomly selected University of Otago students were invited to complete an Internet survey, and 1564 (82%) of these students responded. RESULTS: Daily smoking was reported by 10% of both women and men. A further 10% of women and 9% of men reported occasional smoking. Daily smoking was reported by 16% of Maori women and 9% of Maori men. CONCLUSIONS: Daily smoking was uncommon among University of Otago students relative to the general New Zealand population aged 15-24 years. Moreover, rates were lower than those recorded for students in other developed countries and appear to have decreased over the last decade. Smoking among Maori women, in particular, is a priority area for intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[A report from the 50th Annual Meeting of Representatives from Clinical Laboratories, National University Hospitals].

The 50th Annual Meeting of Representatives from Clinical Laboratories, National University Hospitals, chaired by the University of the Ryukyus, was held in Okinawa from May 29 to 30, 2003. With the common understanding that two environmental changes surrounding clinical laboratories will soon greatly influence laboratory management and activities, the representatives tried to find a workable approach for improving our standpoint and functions. First, reorganization of all the National University Hospitals to agencies will drive clinical laboratories toward having financial management skill based on cost-effect balance. Second, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is currently trying to change the constitution of National University Hospitals. At the meeting, a total of 10 working groups proposed several action plans and the participants exchanged ideas and opinions for the future. However, nobody knows whether the coming years will be fruitful.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2004

Musculoskeletal injuries associated with selected university staff and faculty in an office environment.

A research team with backgrounds in occupational therapy, rehabilitation, policy and rulemaking, and prevention programs affecting occupational health and safety designed, validated, and analyzed an ergonomics survey of university staff and faculty. The purpose of the study was to validate identified risk factors from the literature contributing to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) in an office setting within a university setting. The study was also designed to determine differences between faculty and staff in the university setting and their exposure to physical risk factors to WRMDs. The results suggest faculty have their keyboard in awkward positions more frequently than staff, and staff had more experience with mechanical stress than faculty. The researchers recommend parameters for the design of a university ergonomics program based on employee and education, management commitment, medical case management, problem job identification, and development of solutions.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Study on the psychosocial status and related factors in three universities during severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychosocial status and related factors among university students during severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Beijing. METHODS: By means of stratified cluster sampling, symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) and questionnaire on general information were applied among 6800 students in three universities in Beijing. RESULTS: There were 6280 valid questionnaires gathered. In order to control and prevent SARS, strict management was conducted in three universities which providing various social supports. Out of the 6280 students, 460 had SCL-90 positive symptoms with a rate of 7.3%. Risk factors of SCL-90 positive symptom were found as follows: major in arts (OR = 2.00), misconception on the control and prevention of SARS (OR = 1.91), considering measures non-effective (OR = 2.25), and do not believe that SARS can be under control (OR = 3.57). Protective factors of SCL-90 positive symptom would include as: being female (OR = 0.77), being graduate students (OR = 0.38), and being not much influenced on study and daily life during the period of strict management (OR = 0.54). CONCLUSION: Psychosocial status of students was influenced by their knowledge and attitude on SARS. Various social supports might keep the university students to having a healthy psychosocial status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Use of information and communication technology among dental students at the University of Jordan.

The aim of this study was to investigate the current knowledge, skills, and opinions of undergraduate dental students at the University of Jordan with respect to information communication technology (ICT). Dental students from the second, third, fourth, and fifth years were asked to complete a questionnaire presented in a lecture at the end of the second semester in the 2002-03 academic year. The response rate was 81 percent. Besides free and unlimited access to computers at the school of dentistry, 74 percent of the students had access to computers at home. However, 44 percent did not use a computer regularly. Male students were more regular and longer users of computers than females (p<0.001). A significant number of students (70 percent) judged themselves competent in information technology (IT) skills. More males felt competent in basic IT skills than did females (p<0.05). More than two-thirds acquired their computer skills through sources other than at the university. The main educational use of computers was accessing the Internet, word processing, multimedia, presentations, Medline search, and data management. More clinical students felt competent in word-processing skills (p<0.05) and many more used word processing for their studies (p<0.001) than did preclinical students. More males used word processing for their studies than females (p<0.001). Students used computers for personal activities more frequently than for academic reasons. More males used computers for both academic (p<0.01) and personal activities (p<0.001) than did females. All students had access to the Internet at the university, and 54 percent had access at home. A high percentage of students (94 percent) indicated they were comfortable using the Internet, 75 percent said they were confident in the accuracy, and 80 percent said they were confident in the relevance of information obtained from the Internet. Most students (90 percent) used email. Most students (83 percent) supported the idea of placing lectures on the web, and 61.2 percent indicated that this would not influence lecture attendance. Students used the Internet more for personal reasons than for the study of dentistry. More clinical students used the Internet for dentistry than preclinical students (p<0.001). More males than females used the Internet for dentistry (p<0.01) as well as for pleasure (p<0.01). Time and availability were the main obstacles to Internet use. Dental students at the University of Jordan have access to substantial IT resources and demonstrated attitudes toward the computer and Internet technology and use that were similar to other students in other nations. However, the educational use of ICT among Jordanian students remains low.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and sexual practice among University of Ibadan Students.

This study assessed the knowledge about HIV/AIDS and sexual practice of University students in Ibadan, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventeen students from the University of Ibadan were randomly selected in 2001 from the College of Medicine,Daculties of Arts and Law and completed a questionnaire. The ages of the students ranged from 16-23 with a mean of 19.05 years; 98.2% of the students reported blood transfusion as a major route of transmission of HIV/ AIDS. This was followed by use of unsterilized needle (97.2%) and unprotected sexual intercourse (93.5%). The heterosexual route of transmission was rated third. Sexual practice of the students showed 29% were sexually active. 91.2% considered HIV/AIDS a serious health problem. Ninety-two percent (92.6%) reported sticking to one uninfected partner as a means of prevention and 88% reported use of condom as preventive measure. However, only 16.6% of the total respondents claimed to have used condom with their partners within the last 3 months. Although they are knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS, many do not practice what they know. University of Ibadan students are sexually active and their under-rating of heterosexual route as a major route of transmission suggests the urgent need for an organized educational programme of HIV/AIDS prevention for the University students.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

[Survey on public health nursing education-in the comparison of nursing education courses, universities, advanced courses for public health nurse with junior nursing colleges, and public health nursing school].

PURPOSE: Changes in public health nursing education have been consideration. Theses changes include a dramatic increase in the number of public health nurses (PHNs) who have enrolled for nursing courses at university. This study was conducted to assess the current status and future of public health nursing education as perceived by teachers and students at three types of schools: universities offering nursing courses, advanced courses for PHNs with junior nursing colleges, and public health nursing schools. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to teachers and students by mail. The questions that were sent to teachers asked which subjects were required to become a certified PHN, which lecture methods were employed to teach public health-particularly community health assessment methods, and what was the level of awareness of the activities of PHNs. Students were asked about their motivation to be a PHN, their understanding of public health, their views of public health activities and their images of PHNs. RESULTS: Responses were analyzed and differences between questionnaires from different schools were noted. These included the number of subjects and the total number of hours spent doing practical training and field experience in universities and the other types of schools, and the number of teachers. Differences also were noted among students at three types of schools about their age, methods of public health activities, knowledge about activities undertaken by PHNs, and their images of PHNs. No differences were observed among the schools with respect to the students' conceptual understanding of public health. CONCLUSION: Student age, practical training and field experience were found to contribute to their level of understanding of public health and public health nursing. It is thus necessary to consider the teaching methods employed by universities that administer nursing courses and the effectiveness of courses offered by graduate schools.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2005

[Specialist training in basic sciences in university hospitals: specialist resident perspective].

In this study, a questionnaire survey including 56 questions and 154 variables has been undertaken for 74 specialist residents (SpRs) (39 from Dokuz Eylül and 35 from Ege Universities) who have been training in the two university hospitals of Izmir, for the detection of the structure of the actual training programmes, trainer profiles and technical institute equipments in the departments of Basic Sciences, Medical Pathology and Pharmacology. By using this survey, SpRs' demographic informations, training programmes, theoretical and skill activites, educational atmospheres, the trainers' profiles, assessments, audits and professionel developments have been questionned. The rate of response was 71%, and educational programmes, training and technical equipments, efficacy and number of the trainers were found satisfactory in each one of the universities. It has been detected that, the SpRs were permanently assessed and they were able to get training knowledges, skills and attitutes and attend investigation activities during their educational process. This survey study indicated that the training programmes, institute equipments and trainer profiles of the universities were competent for the SpRs'.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

[Unique system for education of medical technology and cytotechnology students at Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts].

For students orienting medical technologist (MT) and cytotechnologist (CT), a peculiar system of education is operated in Department of Life Science, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts. Forty candidates for MT are selected from 90 students at end of the university first year. They study from lectures and practices specialized in medicine and face another selection at end of the third year. Selected candidates (ten and some in number) will challenge examination for CT license as well as that for MT license in the forth year in "double-license course". Prior to these selections, education for CT is started at the first year in order to clarify suitability of each student as a CT from earlier stage. In parallel, education for basic medical research is opened to all students at the first year for developing another suitability in them. Topics in cytopathology, neuroscience, cellular culture and regenerative medicine are presented to stimulate their interest in graduate school. Kake Educational Institution Cytopathological Center is located in the university campus and provides excellent facility for basic medical research. The university develops talent of students both for MT and CT through license acquisition and basic researcher for modern medicine in collaboration with this research center. The premier group of students under application of this system is active at the third year at present. They understand their own suitability and spend their time in the best manner toward their goal. We are confident that this system activates talent of students without overload.

Cell Biology↗
PubMed2006

The School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria: towards an intergrative model for health informatics education and research.

OBJECTIVES: There is an increasing need for well qualified health informatics practitioners and for educational programs that produce them. Since 1981, the School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria has delivered a range of educational programs in health informatics. The School's objective has been to produce graduates who can assume a range of roles in health informatics, including managers, developers, researchers and evaluators of health care systems. METHODS: The approach taken by the School has been to provide an integrated 'holistic' approach to health informatics education that balances both theory and practice. The curriculum has emphasized interdisciplinary skills and has been based on a process of consultation with key stakeholders in both industry and academia. In addition, several new distance collaborative models for health informatics education (including a distributed MSc degree program) have been recently initiated through the University of Victoria with collaborating Canadian universities. RESULTS: To date, graduates of the programs offered have become highly sought after, with the demand for graduates of the programs continually exceeding the number of graduates. The core undergraduate curriculum has recently been undergone refinement to include training in new emerging areas of health informatics. In addition, a distributed MSc program has been successfully initiated by the School, currently with 23 students participating from dispersed geographical locations across Canada. CONCLUSIONS: The School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria has been involved in providing unique interdisciplinary education in health informatics for over twenty years. The School continues to maintain its emphasis on integrated education, refining its curriculum and moving into new areas such as distance education and cross-Canadian collaborations.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1995

[Development of traditional careers at new universities. The case of medicine].

In 1981, the educational system in Chile was diversified characterizing Universities, Professional Institutes and Technical Training Centers. The provincial seats of traditional Universities were transformed in independent universities, which strongly increased its number. A number of private universities also emerged. This strategy was quantitatively successful, duplicating the number of youngsters between 19 and 24 years old that were following superior studies (from 88 to 199 per 1,000) and duplicating the registers at higher education institutions (from 118,000 to 244,000). The quality of the education is a matter of concern at the present time. In the case of Medicine, the Medical Schools Association has proposed to the Higher Education Council an accreditation system for programs that pursue the M.D. degree, based on explicit standards for all medical schools. Considering that teaching, research, laboratory and library resources in Chile are limited, accreditation is even more important. The splitting relationship between Medical Schools and the Ministry of Health, whose establishments are used as training centers, is also worrisome. Finally the physician:inhabitant relationship in Chile is adequate for its development level (1:960). Its geographical distribution, however, is highly unsatisfactory (1:657 in Santiago and 1:2,200 in some Regions). The implementation of professional and economical incentives could reverse this situation.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1994

The role of quality in today's research university.

Today's research universities strive to meet goals in education, research, and service within an academic environment. A quality assurance and quality control program is critical to achieving excellence in all areas. However, the role of quality in research at higher education institutions is difficult to determine or consistently implement due to the broad nature of the research and academic goals. In addition, it is compounded by the loose organizational structure common to most universities. Formal quality assurance programs are not historically found at academic institutions. Faculty and staff often have neither the experience nor training in good quality assurance practices. Implementation of a formal quality assurance program is made more difficult by university space and financial limitations and a reward system based on peer-reviewed publications. A successful formal quality assurance program must be sufficiently flexible to meet all needs, must focus on those needs, and must be willingly supported by all participants. The Institute of Wildlife and Environmental Toxicology (TIWET) at Clemson University in South Carolina has implemented a quality assurance program designed to comply with several quality assurance regulations, including the good laboratory practice (GLP) standards. The program relies on study protocols or plans, standard operating procedures (SOPs), data collection forms, a quality assurance manual, quality assurance checklist/plans, and a quality assurance unit. The program maximizes flexibility while complying with several quality regulations and consensus standards. Since implementation, improvements in communication, study design, data recording, and reporting have been noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Facility Regulation and Control↗
PubMed1994

[Multicenter prospective study of retinopathy of prematurity--IV. Comparison with the data from University of Miami].

We investigated the records of 360 cases of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 12 institutions in Japan (we treated the severe progressive "plus" disease by coagulation therapy), and compared them with data from University of Miami (Ophthalmology 94: 620-629, 1987), as representative of the natural course of ROP without coagulation therapy in those days. The timing of the first examination and the first positive diagnosis were later at University of Miami than in Japan. The time of maximal severity of the disease and occurrence of regression were also later the University of Miami than in Japan. In Japan, the first examination was performed at 29 weeks of postconceptional age or at 3 weeks after birth. At the University of Miami, the first examination was performed at 32 weeks of postconceptional age. If the severe progressive "plus" disease is to be properly treated by photo-coagulation or cryotherapy, it is essential to commence fundus examination earlier.

Florida↗
PubMed1993

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: comparison of university and community experience.

We compared the first year's experience in performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a university hospital and a community hospital to determine the impact of postgraduate surgical training on outcome. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was attempted on 446 patients. The conversion rate to open cholecystectomy was 8.3% and did not differ between institutions. Surgical house staff performed 43% of the cases at the university hospital compared with 8% at the community hospital. The greater use of laser and cholangiograms resulted in significantly longer mean operative time at the university hospital (141 +/- 26 min) than at the community hospital (114 +/- 52 min). The overall complication rate did not differ significantly (p = 0.15). Complications included common duct injury (three cases), bile leak (five cases), bleeding or hematoma (six cases), epigastric artery hematoma (one case), and death (one case). Operative inexperience during this first year may be a major determinant for the complication rates at both hospitals. It is too early to determine the impact of graduate surgical education on complications. Intense education and supervised instruction is requisite to minimizing the morbidity associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy regardless of whether it is performed at a university or community hospital.

Adolescent↗