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PubMed2000

Autoimmune-related pancreatitis is associated with autoantibodies and a Th1/Th2-type cellular immune response.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although autoimmunity may be involved in some cases of pancreatitis, the mechanism is still unknown. To clarify this, we studied serum autoantibodies, subsets of lymphocytes, and the Th1/Th2 balance of cellular immune responses in patients with autoimmune-related pancreatitis (AIP). METHODS: Seventeen patients with AIP (8 men and 9 women; age, 53.2 +/- 13.0 years) were studied. Autoantibodies including antilactoferrin (ALF) or carbonic anhydrase II antibody (ACA-II) were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or the indirect fluorescein antibody method. Intracellular cytokines (interferon gamma and interleukin 4) and subtypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined by flow cytometry and ELISA. RESULTS: More than one autoantibody was observed in all 17 patients. Serum antinuclear antibody was detected in 13 of 17 patients, ALF antibody in 13, ACA-II antibody in 10, rheumatoid factor in 5, and anti-smooth muscle antibody in 3, but antimitochondrial antibody in none. The serum levels of ACA-II and LF antibody were not correlated. HLA-DR(+)CD8(+) and HLA-DR(+)CD4(+) cells were significantly increased in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). CD4(+) cells producing interferon gamma and the secreted levels were significantly increased compared with those in controls (P < 0.05), but interleukin 4 was not increased. CONCLUSIONS: An autoimmune mechanism against CA-II or LF, and Th1-type immune response, may be involved in AIP.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Uterine contractility and blood flow are reflexively regulated by cutaneous afferent stimulation in anesthetized rats.

The effects of cutaneous mechanical afferent stimulation of various skin areas on uterine contractility and blood flow were examined in anesthetized non-pregnant rats. The contractility of the uterus was measured by the balloon method in the uterus. The uterine blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Noxious pinching stimulation of the perineum for 1 min induced an abrupt contraction of the uterus during stimulation. Pinching of a hindpaw or perineum and innocuous brushing of the perineum for 1 min increased uterine blood flow. Stimulation of other skin areas produced no changes in uterine contractility or blood flow. Most uterine responses were abolished by severance of the pelvic nerves, which innervated the uterus. The activity of pelvic parasympathetic efferent nerves to the uterus increased following perineal pinching. All these cutaneous stimulation-induced responses of uterine contractility, blood flow and pelvic efferent nerve activity still existed, and were even augmented, after acute spinalization. These results indicate that cutaneous mechanical sensory stimulation can regulate uterine contractility and blood flow by a segmental spinal reflex mechanism via uterine parasympathetic efferent nerves.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2001

Detection of anthrax spores from the air by real-time PCR.

AIMS: To detect and isolate Bacillus anthracis from the air by a simple and rapid procedure. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred litres of air were filtered through an air monitor device. After the membrane was suspended in PBS, spores of B. anthracis were added. The suspension was plated on Bacillus cereus selective agar (BCA) plates to detect B. anthracis colonies. The suspension was also heated at 95 degrees C for 15 min and used for real-time PCR using a Light Cycler system and anthrax-specific primers. CONCLUSION: A single cell of B. anthracis was detected by real-time PCR within 1 h and was also isolated on a BCA plate within two d. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our results provide evidence that anthrax spores from the atmosphere can be detected rapidly, suggesting that real-time PCR and a Light Cycler provides a flexible and powerful tool to prevent epidemics.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1999

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region in proliferating cell has a predictive value for local recurrence in superficial bladder tumor.

PURPOSE: It has been shown in many carcinomas that the proliferation rate and number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) are associated with tumor aggressiveness. However, in bladder tumor the significance of the correlation between the number of AgNOR and tumor behavior remains controversial. Therefore, it would be helpful if a new technique could be developed that would allow for more accurate AgNOR counting in association with tumor behavior. We established the simultaneous staining technique of AgNOR with Ki-67 labeling to reveal the significance of AgNOR count in superficial bladder tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 paraffin sections of superficial bladder tumor were stained with AgNOR and Ki-67 (MIB-1). The numbers of AgNORs in proliferating (MIB-1 positive) or resting (MIB-1 negative) cells were counted from a total of 100 nuclei. Correlations between MIB-1 associated AgNOR count and clinicopathological parameters were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The AgNOR count in proliferating cells was significantly higher than that in resting cells (p<0.01), and the count significantly increased with tumor grade (p<0.01). Based on recurrence-free survival analyses the local recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with high proliferating cell NOR but not for those with resting or whole cells. However, no AgNOR score helped to select patients at high risk for disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferating cell NOR had a predictive value for local recurrence in patients with superficial bladder tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Model of electrocardiographic changes seen with subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits.

We developed a new method for introducing drugs into the basal cistern of rabbits. With minimal surgical invasion, we used either the opening of the craniopharyngeal duct to access the chiasmatic cistern or the suture between the basisphenoid and basioccipital bones to access the interpeduncular cistern. With our method, 0.5 ml contrast medium injected into three rabbits was determined roentgenographically to remain in the basal cistern; histologically, all the brain tissue remained intact. Intracisternal injection of 0.5 ml physiological saline into five rabbits had no effect on the cardiovascular system. In 23 rabbits, injection of 0.5 ml 0.1% prostaglandin F2 alpha led to a variety of electrocardiographic changes, including sinus bradycardia (in 43.5%), premature atrial contractions (in 17.4%), and premature ventricular contractions (in 39.1%). In 15 rabbits with severe changes, arrhythmia was followed by ST depression (in 30.4%), ST elevation (in 8.7%), T wave inversion (in 4.3%), ventricular tachycardia (in 17.4%), or ventricular fibrillation (in 4.3%). Intracisternal injection of 0.5 ml 1.0% lidocaine into the 23 rabbits was very effective in overcoming bradycardia and arrhythmias. We conclude that the clinical features of electrocardiographic changes seen in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage are reproducible in this rabbit model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of serum glycated albumin.

A method for determination of serum glycated albumin by high-performance liquid chromatography is presented. The system involves anion exchange chromatography to separate albumin and consecutive boronate affinity chromatography to separate glycated and nonglycated albumin. The method is rapid (20 min), precise (coefficient of variation, 0.7-4.9%), requires only a small sample (5 microliters), and can be automated. Assay of glycated albumin by this method is not influenced by the protein concentration of the sample or the presence of glucose. The variation in glycated albumin values in consecutive samples obtained within a day from diabetic patients (coefficient of variation, 2.02 +/- 0.65%) was significantly smaller (p less than 0.001) than that of values for fructosamine (coefficient of variation, 4.33 +/- 2.0%). The values of glycated albumin in normal subjects (20.2 +/- 1.6%) were clearly less than those in diabetic patients [39.6 +/- 5.4% in 40 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and 39.4 +/- 5.9% in 25 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) patients]. The serum glycated albumin level was well correlated with HbA1c in 65 diabetic patients (r = 0.60). Because the life span of albumin in the circulation is short, measurement of glycated albumin should be useful as a short-term index of glycaemic control.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

Magnetic resonance galactography for a patient with nipple discharge.

A new method of galactography using magnetic resonance imaging for a patient with nipple discharge is developed. The method is as follows; coronal T1-weight images are obtained after an injection of contrast medium of 1 mmol/L Gd-DTPA directly into the discharge duct, before and after rapid intravenous infusion of Gd-DTPA. A case of a 29-year-old woman with ductal carcinoma in situ with minimal invasion is reported, in which all portions of the entire discharge duct system is clearly shown as viewed from the surface and the surrounding area is enhanced with Gd-DTPA. The enhanced area is coincidental with the extent of the disease. This magnetic resonance galactography for patients with nipple discharge may be used to supplement conventional mammography and/or galactography especially for the evaluation of the extent of disease, although it is somewhat inferior to mammographic galactography in terms of differential diagnosis of ductal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Primary osteosarcoma of the thoracic spine: report of an unusual elderly patient with autopsy findings.

STUDY DESIGN: A case report of primary osteosarcoma of the spine in an elderly patient. OBJECTIVE: The histopathological features of osteosarcoma vary widely, often leading to diagnostic difficulties particularly when there is little evidence of osteoid formation. The report describes the difficulty in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma of the thoracic vertebra. SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Fukui University Faculty of Medicine, Fukui, Japan. METHOD: A 78-year-old man presented with paraparesis and underwent urgent anterior excision of a primary spinal tumor emanating from the T10 vertebra followed by artificial vertebral replacement. The patient eventually died of disseminated disease of vertebral osteosarcoma. RESULTS: Samples from the T10 vertebral tumor showed neoplastic growth of atypical spindle-shaped cells, with foci of storiform-like proliferation. The tissue also demonstrated positive immunohistochemical staining for vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin and a tentative diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was made. However, a metastatic nodule of the chest wall at autopsy showed focal osteoid formation, a finding not seen in the primary tumor. CONCLUSION: Early detection and accurate diagnosis is important for improving not only patient prognosis but also the quality of life. We should always consider this rare entity, particularly in elderly patients who present with back pain and vertebral collapse.

Actins↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of haemolyser-resistant cells increased in the blood of erythropoietin-treated mice.

Recently, we reported a new in vivo assay method for erythropoietin (Epo) by means of counts of the number of haemolyser-resistant cells (HRCs) increased in Epo-injected mice. Here, we attempted to characterize the HRCs. Flow-cytometric studies revealed that HRCs obtained from Epo-injected mice expressed the transferrin receptor on their surface membranes. Furthermore, a fluorophotometric study suggested that the number of transferrin receptor-positive cells increased in a dose-dependent manner in response to treatment with Epo. On the other hand, flowcytometric and fluorophotometric studies of glycophorin A on HRCs using a rabbit antiglycophorin A antibody also showed a high expression of glycophorin A on them as compared with on HRCs from vehicle-treated animals (control). The results indicated that HRCs could be defined by their expression of both transferrin receptors and glycophorin A. We concluded that HRCs might be immature reticulocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Relationships between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and conventional atherosclerotic risk factors in community-dwelling people.

BACKGROUND: A simple instrument has been developed to measure brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). The aim of the present study was to use this instrument to study the relationship between baPWV and conventional atherosclerotic risk factors. METHODS: Community-dwelling Japanese (632) living in a rural area (234 men and 398 women) participated in a municipal medical health survey that included baPWV measurement and a traditional clinical examination, conducted in June, 2002. RESULTS: Men had a significantly higher baPWV than women. No interaction between gender and age on baPWV was identified. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age, hemodynamic factors (diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate), hemoglobinA1c, current drinking and smoking status, and mild retinal changes had significant independent influences on higher baPWV. CONCLUSIONS: In this rural population, age, gender, and hemodynamic factors were independently associated with baPWV, along with traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, although no significant associations between baPWV and histories of atherosclerotic diseases or subclinical atherosclerosis except for mild retinal changes were demonstrated.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Current and future trends in interventional therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japan.

PURPOSE: Procedures of Japanese urologists of interventional therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) should be defined for resource economy and policy establishment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to the urology departments of 80 medical schools in Japan for clarification of surgical procedures presently in use for treating bladder outlet obstruction due to BPH. Prospects for the next 5 years (year 2002) were also requested. RESULTS: We received 76 questionnaire responses from medical school urology facilities (95%) by the end of January 1997. Standard transurethral resection of the prostate gland is and will continue to be the most common surgical procedure. Open adenectomy is the first choice for large glands but may be replaced by other interventional procedures. Laser prostatectomy and transurethral electrovaporization will be used more often for treating all severities of BPH. CONCLUSIONS: Even with increasing interest in new techniques, transurethral resection of the prostate will continue to serve as the standard therapy for BPH during the next 5 years. Transurethral electrovaporization may become established in the near future.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Benzodiazepine effects on human sleep EEG spectra: a comparison of triazolam and flunitrazepam.

The effects of 0.5 mg triazolam (TRI) and 4 mg flunitrazepam (FNZ) on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) were studied in eleven (six for TRI, and five for FNZ) healthy young male subjects. C3 EEG channel data of one baseline night, three drug nights and two withdrawal nights were recorded and their analyzed using a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method. Changes in the 0.5 Hz to 40 Hz power spectrum showed that: 1) both TRI and FNZ increased higher frequency activity and reduced lower frequency activity on the drug nights; 2) on drug nights, NREM sigma frequency power was more strongly enhanced by TRI than FNZ, while the beta power of both NREM and REM was more strongly enhanced by FNZ than TRI; 3) NREM alpha power increased on the second night of withdrawal from both TRI and FNZ; 4) the power spectra for both NREM and REM sleep returned to baseline levels by the fourth night of withdrawal from either TRI or FNZ. These findings suggest that 0.5 mg TRI and 4 mg FNZ have both common and differing pharmacological effects on the central nervous system. Such differences could be caused by differences in the dose, half-life or systemic distribution of these two drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intracellular stability of diphtheria toxin fragment A in the presence and absence of anti-fragment A antibody.

The erythrocyte ghost function method was used to introduce 125I-labeled diphtheria toxin, its fragments A and B, and two labeled crossreacting material (CRM), mutant proteins CRM176 and CRM197, into cultured mouse cells. Fragment A was relatively stable in mouse cytoplasm at 37 degrees C and at least 80% was recovered from cells after 24 hr of incubation. In contrast, wild-type fragment B and A fragments from CRM176 and CRM197 were unstable and were degraded with half-lives of about 2.5 hr under similar conditions. When a rabbit anti-fragment A IgG fraction was introduced with wild-type A, the rate of degradation of A was accelerated, whereas the rates of degradation of A176 and A197 were retarded by the same antibody. In every instance the degradation rate appeared to be that of the IgG fraction itself with a half-life of about 7.5 hr.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effect of vitamin E-bonded dialyzer on eosinophilia in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilia in haemodialysis patients probably results from allergy to haemodialysis-related materials, including dialyzer membranes. We examined the effects of vitamin E-bonded dialyzers on eosinophil counts in haemodialysis patients. METHODS: We enrolled seven patients who were on regular haemodialysis and had sustained eosinophilia. White blood cell, eosinophil, CD4- and CD8-positive lymphocyte counts, and serum interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IgE levels were determined before, 2 and 4 weeks after switching to vitamin E-bonded dialyzers. RESULTS: Eosinophil and CD4-positive lymphocyte counts and serum IL-5 were significantly (P = 0.003, 0.003 and 0.031, respectively) decreased after switching to vitamin E-bonded dialyzers. CD8-positive lymphocyte counts and serum IgE levels were unaltered. Crossover tests in two cases reproduced the higher eosinophilia within 4 weeks after returning to the original non-vitamin E-bonded dialyzer. CONCLUSION: Vitamin E-bonded dialyzers may ameliorate eosinophilia through a mechanism mediated by a decrease in IL-5 secretion by CD4-positive lymphocytes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Effect of lumbar nerve root compression on primary sensory neurons and their central branches: changes in the nociceptive neuropeptides substance P and somatostatin.

STUDY DESIGN: This study examined the effect of lumbar nerve root compression on nociceptive neuropeptides in the axonal flow using an in vivo model. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate changes in axonal flow after nerve root compression by using immunohistochemical techniques to detect substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which is thought to be involved in temperature and pain sensation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Disturbance of intraradicular blood flow and nerve fiber deformation caused by mechanical compression are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of diseases characterized by radicular symptoms, such as lumbar disc herniation and lumbar canal stenosis. However, little research has been conducted into the changes of axonal flow associated with nerve root compression. METHODS: In dogs, the lumbar nerve roots were compressed using four types of clips with different pressures. Changes of SP and SOM levels in the spinal dorsal horn, dorsal root, and dorsal root ganglions were examined immunohistochemically after compression for 24 hours or 1 week. RESULTS: After compression for 24 hours, axonal flow in the dorsal root was impaired, accumulation of SP and SOM was observed distal to the site of compression, and there was a decrease in the number of dorsal root ganglion cells showing positively for these neurotransmitters. Compression for 1 week resulted in a decrease in the number of SP- and SOM-positive fibers in the spinal dorsal horn. CONCLUSION: Change of axonal flow resulting from direct nerve compression could affect the metabolism of neurotransmitters that flow inside the axons and may be a primary cause of the decline in nerve function.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Repeated hepatic dearterialization for unresectable liver metastases from gastric cancer: review of five cases.

A novel method of repeated hepatic dearterialization was evaluated in five patients with multiple metastases from gastric cancer in both hepatic lobes. After gastrectomy with extensive lymph node dissection (R2/3), all patients underwent implantation of a vascular occluder around the hepatic artery. Cannulation of the hepatic artery was added for later chemotherapy. The hepatic artery was occluded repeatedly for 1 hour twice daily in combination with intrahepatic infusion of anticancer drugs for as long as possible. Three of five patients demonstrated marked tumour regression with unexpectedly long survival (16 months in two patients and one still alive at 15 months). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels decreased to almost normal in four patients who had initially high levels. The present experiences seems to indicate that long survival can be hoped for in patients with advanced gastric cancer with unresectable liver metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

A variant of the sigma receptor type-1 gene is a protective factor for Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVE: Some preclinical evidence suggests that the sigma receptor type 1, which plays several roles in learning and memory, may also be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). The authors provide here genetic evidence that the sigma receptor type 1 (SIGMAR1) gene is involved in susceptibility to AD. METHODS: Two polymorphisms of the SIGMAR1 gene, G-241T/C-240T and Q2P, were analyzed in a Japanese sample of 239 patients with AD and 227 comparisons subjects. These two polymorphisms were in complete linkage disequilibrium with each other, resulting in only two haplotypes, GC-241-240Q2 and TT-241-240P2. RESULTS: There was a significant association between AD and the TT-241-240P2 haplotype of the SIGMAR1 gene and its homozygote, found with late-onset, but not early-onset AD. After stratification by epsilon4 allele status of the apolipoprotein E gene, TT-241-240P2 homozygosity of the SIGMAR1 gene reduced the risk of AD in epsilon4 allele carriers by three-fourths. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the TT-241-240P2 haplotype of the SIGMAR1 gene, which decreases expression of the gene, may have a protective role against susceptibility to AD.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Microvascular density of rapidly destructive arthropathy of the hip joint.

PURPOSE: To assess the vascularity of the femoral head and determine how it is related to the destruction of the arthritic hip joint. The process of destructive arthropathy in arthritic hip joints is variable. Some patients with osteoarthritis of the hip have rapidly progressive destructive changes resulting in the disappearance of the femoral head. METHOD: Six femoral heads from patients diagnosed with rapidly destructive arthropathy and 6 femoral heads from patients with secondary osteoarthritis caused by acetabular dysplasia were analysed to reveal the association between blood capillaries and osteoclasts. The von Willebrand Factor immunostaining and counterstaining with Mayer's haematoxylin were used to label the microvessels and osteoclasts in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of femoral heads. The numbers of immunostained microvessels and osteoclasts in selected regions were counted. RESULT: The microvascular density of the bone surfaces of rapidly progressive arthritic hips was hypervascular. Osteoclasts were also found in increased numbers on the bone surfaces of rapidly progressive arthritic hips. The higher microvascular density coincided with extensive bone destruction and with the increased osteoclast count. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that hypervascularity of the granulation in the femoral head may be associated with bone and joint destruction.

Adult↗