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Enzyme activities in ageing small intestine and modifications after irradiation.

Brush border enzyme activities in control rats of different ages were studied. Disaccharases, dipeptidases and alkaline phosphatase levels were similar in both age groups. When the rats were sacrificed at two different times of the day the activity was significantly lower in the morning than in the evening in both adult and young animals. No similar differences were observed in lysosomal activities. After irradiation the enzyme activities in both groups presented the same patterns although variations were more marked in adult animals. At 120 hrs the tendency to return to control levels appeared less evident in adult rats. Morphologic data confirmed these results.

Acid Phosphatase↗

Is the brush border membrane of the intestinal mucosa a generator of "chymosomes"?

1. The microvilli of enterocytes in calf intestine demonstrate high levels of vesiculation activity at the top and at the basal region. 2. The morphology of the vesicles associated with microvilli (100-500 nm diameter, unilamellar, few intramembraneous particles, high AP activity) is very similar to the morphology of vesicles found in the chyme. 3. Vesicles can be purified 6-10 fold from chyme of the calf intestine applying a Mg(++)-precipitation method, used for brush border membrane preparation. 4. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidases were found to be much higher in chyme vesicles than in the mucosa. 5. Phospholipid content and phospholipid composition is in chyme vesicles different from brush border membrane vesicles. 6. The characterized chyme vesicles are referred to as chymosomes. We consider the mucosa as a large-scale generator of chymosomes, i.e. digestive enzymes bearing vesicles.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

Trehalose metabolism during sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

S. cerevisiae has at least two enzymes for trehalose synthesis. In this paper we report some characteristics of the ADPG-dependent trehalose-6-phosphate synthase. As opposed to the UDPG-dependent enzyme, the ADPG-dependent activity did not respond to a glucose signal nor to a heat shock. Mutant strains, deficient in the UDPG-dependent enzyme but possessing the ADPG-dependent activity, did not accumulate trehalose either during growth or during sporulation. A diploid, homozygous for the deficiency in the UDPG-dependent synthase activity, was constructed. During sporulation the ADPG-dependent activity remained constant. However, when mutant spores were subjected to a glucose signal, trehalose was accumulated to the same extent as in control spores.

Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose↗