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[The early diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas].

The work analyses the results of complex examination (by an otoneurologist and neuroroentgenologist) of 34 patients with neurinoma of the 8th cranial nerve measuring from 13 to 25 mm. It is difficult to establish the diagnosis of neurinoma of the 8th nerve in the early stage; its recognition is based on the combination of otoneurological findings and the results of computed tomography, particularly computed cisternography with Amipaque. Despite the small size of the tumor, all patients had local symptomatology in the form of unilateral neurosensory deficiency or deficiency of hearing, vestibular excitability, and taste (on the anterior two thirds of the tongue). Three variants of tumor localization were distinguished by computed tomography: inside the canal, lateral, and medial. Computed cisternography with Amipaque yielded additional information on the size of the tumors and showed more exactly their relation to the brain stem. The results of computed tomography and cisternography corresponded completely to the otoneurological data which reflected the degree of the tumors' effect on the brain stem structures adequately and subtly.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1989

[Variations in the taste function of smokers].

Cigarette smoke is linked to many pathologies and also affects a very important aspect of human physiology that is taste. In fact already in the past years, researchers have worked on this phenomenon and have come to the conclusion that smoke influences the perception of bitter taste. In our study we researched the detection and identification threshold in thirty smokers, for the citric acid, quinine, sodium chloride and saccharose, and it turned out that smokers suffer a raise in quinine identification and sodium chloride detection and identification threshold. On the basis of the results obtained with sodium chloride, a theory on hypertension etiopathogenesis is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Salivary secretion and taste alterations in elderly subjects].

Morphologically the relative volume of the secretory acini in all types of salivary glands decreases with the age, whereas that of connective and adipose tissue increase. In addition, the rate of protein synthesis diminishes in older salivary glands. Nevertheless, the function of the secretory process is maintained throughout life. Stimulation of the salivary secretion by citric acid is unchanged in older people. On the other hand, the composition of saliva undergoes alterations with age. Taste alterations are in general not dramatical: the least for acid and the most for the salt acuity. From these data it can be concluded that xerostomia and salivary complaints of elderly are not caused primarily by decrements in the function of the salivary glands, but rather in many cases a secondary consequence of a salivary gland disease, or of a chronic medication e.g. by antihypertensive, sedative, antidepressive, narcotics etc.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Clinical evaluation of the sense of taste.

Our strategy in taste testing is based on an analysis of the ways in which the loss of taste is known to occur. Patients are tested with preparations that represent the four basic tastes because each taste has a separate mechanism that permits independent losses to occur. A range of concentrations are used in each test battery, since taste abnormalities can occur in only part of the concentration group. Various loci for taste are also tested because taste abnormalities can be limited to specific loci.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

[Side effects of drugs on the salivary glands and mouth mucosa].

Changes to the salivary glands and the mucous membrane of the mouth can result from a substantial number of drugs. Since such changes are extremely heterogeneous, it is rarely possible to establish the medication responsible for the clinical-morphological findings. Furthermore, in many cases the symptoms resemble those associated with salivary gland or dermatological diseases, so that considerable diagnostic and differential-diagnostic problems can arise. A number of exemplary cases are presented and some differential-diagnostic recommendations are made for the practitioner.

Diagnosis, Differential↗