Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “THYROIDECTOMY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Metabolic response to subtotal thyroidectomy in propranolol-treated thyrotoxic patients.

Changes in plasma cortisol, glucose, cyclic AMP, blood leucocytes, pulse rate and body temperature were measured during and for 24 h after subtotal thyroidectomy in eight propranolol-treated (120-160 mg per day) mild to moderate thyrotoxic patients and eight patients with a non-toxic goitre. The results showed a similar metabolic response to surgery in the two groups without any trends towards a hypermetabolic response in the toxic group. The accumulating evidence of the safety of preoperative preparation with propranolol in patients with mild to moderate thyrotoxicosis is thus supported by our results.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effect of subtotal thyroidectomy with propranolol preparation on antibody activity in Graves' disease.

The effect of subtotal thyroidectomy on thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb), thyrotrophin binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) and antimicrosomal antibodies (MsAb) was studied in 26 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism treated pre-operatively with propranolol, but without antithyroid drugs. Following surgery, two patients relapsed in the first year and eight patients became hypothyroid. Eighteen patients (69%) had detectable TSAb at entry and no significant change in titre was seen during propranolol therapy. Following surgery TSAb levels fell within 24 h in eight patients, and at 6 weeks only seven patients had detectable TSAb. TSAb were still detectable in seven patients at 6 months. TSAb activity did not predict the late relapses. TBII were present in 13 patients (50%) before surgery and titres remained unchanged in all but two patients during the immediate postoperative period. At 6 weeks TBII had disappeared from the serum of only three patients. During the early post-operative period TBII became transiently detectable in five of the 13 patients initially TBII negative. The two patients who subsequently relapsed remained TBII positive throughout. Microsomal antibodies were present in the sera of 22 patients (85%). Surgery was followed by a decline in titre, which was substantial in only six of 13 patients studied in detail. Thus, in 92% patients hyperthyroidism was successfully eradicated. Propranolol treatment had no effect on antibody activity. TSAb and TBII disappeared from the circulation in 61% and 46% patients, respectively. These data are compatible with the concept that lymphocytes within the thyroid are the major site of TSAb production but other important sites for synthesis of thyroidal autoantibodies probably exist. Although outcome from surgery could not be accurately predicted from TSAb or TBII status either pre- or post-operatively, the two patients who relapsed had the most severe disturbances of thyroid autoimmunity; all patients in whom initially detectable TSAb or TBII disappeared remained in remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Management of serum calcium levels in post-thyroidectomy patients.

Otolaryngologists are increasingly performing thyroid surgery and are responsible for optimising parathyroid function postoperatively. The aim of this study was to establish an evidence-based algorithm for the management of postoperative calcium levels and to try and answer some relevant postoperative management issues. These include the following: (1) What is the risk of hypocalcaemia both temporary and permanent? (2) When should calcium replacement be commenced and in what form? (3) What is the best method for calcium replacement without suppressing a recovering parathyroid? (4) How to identify recovering parathyroid function if the patient is already on calcium replacement? A systematic review of the literature was carried out supported by a retrospective analysis of postoperative calcium levels obtained from clinical records of patients undergoing thyroidectomy under our care (n = 167). We present an evidence based, user-friendly algorithm for the management of the serum calcium in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of thyroidectomy on the extraocular muscles of the rat: a histochemical study.

The effects of thyroidectomy on the metabolic properties of the rat extraocular muscles have been studied using histochemical techniques. Six months after removal of the thyroid gland a significant increase in the proportion of Type 1 fibres was found in the central zone of the superior rectus (SR) and in the levator palpebrae superioris muscles. Other changes included an increased proportion of Type 2a' fibres and reduced proportions of Type 2a and 2b fibres in the central zone of the SR, and an increased proportion of type 2a, and a reduced proportion of Type 2a" fibres in the peripheral zone of the SR, Mr and So. In addition, there was a mild hypertrophy of Type 1 fibres in the MR, and a mild atrophy of Type 2 fibres in each of the muscles studies. The physiological significance of these findings is discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Effect of neonatal thyroidectomy on nucleic acids and protein contents of the developing rat brain.

(1) Thyroidectomy at birth caused a temporal reduction of the DNA content only in the cerebellum during the periods from 7 to 21 days after birth, but not in the cerebrum and brain stem. (2) The ratio of RNA to DNA in cerebrum from the thyroidectomized rats was underwent a marked decrease from 14 to 56 days as compared with those of the normal controls. On the other hand, the effect of thyroid deficiency on the ratios of cerebellum and brain stem as a whole was very small. (3) The ratios of protein to DNA generally declined in the three brain regions during the periods from 14 to 56 days as a result of throid deprivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of neonatal thyroidectomy on thymidine metabolism and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the developing rat cerebellum.

Thyroid deficiency at birth caused a temporal decrease of the DNA content in rat cerebellum during the periods from 7 to 21 days of life as compared with the normal. At 2 h following the subcutaneous injection of [3H]-thymidine, the specific radioactivity of cellular dTTP in thyroid deficient rats was apparently increased on the 14th and 21st days, although the endogenous pool sizes of dTTP did not significantly differ between the normal and thyroidectomized rats throughout the entire ages studied. The ratio of incorporation of thymidine into cerebellar DNA was initially determined by the specific radioactivity and then expressed as the ratio of [3H]-DNA to [3H]-dTTP, the relative specific radioactivity of DNA. The age peak of incorporation occurred at 7 days in the normal; on the other hand, the specific activity of DNA in thyroid deficiency attained a maximum at 14 days and the relative specific activity appeared to be prolonged up to 14 days. The corresponding changes were observed in the formation of dTTP, suggesting that a transient retardation of cerebellar DNA synthesis taking place by neonatal thyroidectomy may be in part attributable to the variance of phosphorylation of thymidine. Indeed, thymidine kinase activity that regulated salvage pathway for DNA synthesis displayed a parallel variation in thyroid deficiency to characteristic age dependence of DNA synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Parathyroid morphology in gerbils after thyroidectomy and calcium administration.

Morphological studies of the parathyroid glands from adult Mongolian gerbils in which hypercalcaemia had been induced by thyroidectomy and calcium injections for 2-19 days were carried out. The potassium pyro-antimonate technique and subsequent X-ray analysis of the precipitates were used for ultrastructural localization of cations. Ultrastructurally, most (suppressed) chief cells exhibited a dense cytoplasm, medium-sized or large mitochondria, glycogen particles, inconspicuous endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, calcium-containing precipitates mainly in mitochondria and nuclei, and sometimes also lysosomal bodies and accumulations of secretory granules which occasionally seemed to be discharged into cytoplasmic vacuoles. A few parenchymal cells showed a low cytoplasmic density, few organelles, and structurally altered mitochondria, occasionally with associated smooth-surfaced vacuoles. These cells possessed calcium-containing precipitates in mitochondria, smooth-surfaced vacuoles, and also diffusely in the cytosol. It is concluded, that, in the main part of the parenchymal cells, the hypercalcaemia had resulted in a suppression primarily of the synthetic and later also of the secretory activity, and that the calcium-containing precipitation is different in the chief cell variants.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Follicular thyroid carcinoma: metastasis to the sternum, 13 years after total thyroidectomy.

Primary and metastatic malignancies of the sternum are uncommon. Secondary lesions to the sternum occur more commonly in patients with lung and breast cancer, and only a few cases of sternal metastasis arising from a follicular thyroid carcinoma have been reported in the literature. Rarely, metastases to the sternum present in the guise of primary sternal tumours may be treated surgically with that diagnosis in mind. We describe a case of a sternal mass treated by radical surgery, which ultimately proved to be a solitary metastasis from a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, appearing 13 years after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy. Late metastatic thyroid carcinoma to the sternum should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of sternal lesions. For patients with thyroid carcinoma and sternal metastasis, we recommend surgical resection of the metastasis, not only as a curative or palliative measure but also to maximise the effect of subsequent radioiodine treatment.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1984

Regression of ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease following thyroidectomy. A systematic study of changes of ocular signs.

A report is given of 4 patients with progressive ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease treated by total or subtotal thyroidectomy. The post-operative ophthalmological examination revealed evident regression of ocular symptoms and signs. Serial examinations of the ocular motility, the field of binocular single vision, as well as ultrasonic study were performed and gave an objective support to the improvement of the ocular disturbances. The symptomatical and presumed causal treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy is reviewed and the possible immunological basis is discussed. It is concluded that a reduction in thyroid mass seems to diminish ophthalmic manifestations of Graves' disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effects of partial thyroidectomy on the development of the equine fetus.

A syndrome of congenital hypothyroidism and dysmaturity has been an important cause of reproductive loss and foal mortality in western Canada. The cause and pathogenesis of this syndrome is under investigation. One issue to be addressed is whether all the anomalies present in affected foals are produced concurrently by the same agent, or if affected foals are primarily hypothyroid in utero which induces the associated lesions. This study was designed to document the effects of fetal thyroidectomy, at about 215 days of gestation, on the growth and development of the equine fetus and to compare the anomalies present to those reported in the spontaneously occurring syndrome of foals in western Canada. Two sham-operated controls and 4 partially thyroidectomised foals were carried to term following surgery. Sham-operated control foals were normally developed. Partially thyroidectomised foals were hypothyroid; had hyperplastic thyroid gland remnants; abnormal behaviour and locomotor skills; and numerous, marked deficiencies in their skeletal development. The anomalies present in partially thyroidectomised foals were comparable to those reported in congenitally hypothyroid neonates of other species, including human infants, and were similar to those described in congenitally hypothyroid and dysmature foals reported in western Canada.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of thyroidectomy in the fetal sheep on lung liquid reabsorption induced by adrenaline or cyclic AMP.

1. In fetal sheep at 113-120 days' gestation, thyroidectomy was performed and tracheal, arterial and venous catheters inserted. Following a recovery period experiments were performed from 120-145 days to measure changes in lung liquid secretion or its absorption in response to I.V. adrenaline infusion or to introduction of dibuteryl cyclic AMP into lung liquid. The results were compared with those previously obtained in non-thyroidectomized fetuses. 2. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones in non-thyroidectomized fetuses confirmed the pattern found by previous workers. In thyroidectomized fetuses the levels of thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 (rT3) were very low except in one fetus which showed biochemical evidence of thyroid regeneration towards the end of gestation. 3. In thyroidectomized fetuses the normal response to adrenaline infusion (diminution of reversal of lung liquid secretion) was profoundly suppressed and very little gestational maturation in this response took place, except in the one fetus with evidence of thyroid regeneration in which a normal reabsorptive response developed in late gestation. 4. In thyroidectomized fetuses, the normal response to dibuteryl cyclic AMP was greatly reduced and its increase with gestation which normally parallels that seen during adrenaline infusion did not take place.

Absorption↗
PubMed1974

Intestinal lactase activity in the suckling rat: influence of hypophysectomy and thyroidectomy.

Intestinal lactase activity, which is high in the infant rat intestine but falls to a low level by the end of the third week, fails to decline in animals hypophysectomized at the age of 6 days. Treating these animals with thyroxine lowers lactase activity to the control level at 24 days, but cortisone is only partly effective. Thyroidectomy at 6 days also results in persistence of high lactase activity; thyroxine again is more effective than cortisone in reducing activity. The thyroid gland appears to play a previously unsuspected role in intestinal maturation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1972

Prediction of hypothyroidism after partial thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis.

Hypothyroidism is one of the major complications after thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis, but the factors responsible are not well defined. In an attempt to define these factors 278 patients operated on in 1965-9 were studied in detail. The overall incidence of hypothyroidism was 49%. The high incidence of hypothyroidism during 1965-6 led to a policy of leaving larger remnants in the later years of the study, and it became apparent that the most important aetiological factor in postoperative hypothyroidism was small remnant size. There seemed to be an association between the incidence of hypothyroidism and the presence of antithyroglobulin antibodies, but this association was not statistically significant. The data suggested that blood group O might be more common and blood group A less common in hypothyroid patients. The incidence of hypothyroidism seemed to be uninfluenced by the age or sex of the patient, the size of the gland, or the amount and duration of preoperative antithyroid drug therapy.Though a reasonable prediction of the incidence of hypothyroidism can be made for a group of patients on the basis of remnant size, the fate of the individual can be predicted only within very wide limits. An indication of the future status of the individual patient at one year and subsequently does, however, seem possible from serum protein-bound iodine estimations at one and four months after operation. Hypothyroidism developing later than one year after operation has not been observed in this series. The ability to assess thyroid status early after surgery is of some merit in the long-term supervision of the postoperative thyrotoxic patient, and in this respect surgical treatment seems to have some advantage over radioiodine therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Hypercalcaemia due to dihydrotachysterol treatment in patients with hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy.

Hypercalcaemia is a recognised complication of hypothyroidism. We describe three patients who developed hypercalcaemia after thyroidectomy when thyroid supplements were discontinued. They were treated with thyroxine, dihydrotachysterol, and calcium after operation, and in all three cases serum calcium concentrations remained constant during combined treatment. Thyroxine treatment was discontinued several weeks before a radioiodine scan was performed; dihydrotachysterol and calcium were continued throughout. Serum calcium concentrations rose to hypercalcaemic levels in all cases. Elimination of dihydrotachysterol from plasma may be delayed in hypothyroidism, resulting in hypervitaminosis D. It is advisable to reduce the dose of dihydrotachysterol and to check serum calcium concentrations regularly in patients whose thyroid treatment is interrupted.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

Recurrent thyrotoxicosis after subtotal thyroidectomy.

A study of patients with recurrent thyrotoxicosis after subtotal thyroidectomy has shown that the operation has a profound effect on the natural history of Graves's disease. It is followed by pronounced changes in the immunological features of the disease, with a fall in the prevalence of serum thyroid autoantibodies, including the long-acting thyroid stimulator. Thyroid suppression returns to normal in 70% of patients. The treatment produces two populations of patients. In the larger group there is a permanent remission of the disease process. In the smaller group the disease process persists and, consequently, recurrent hyperthyroidism may develop. The mechanism of the change in the larger group of patients probably has an immunological basis.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1974

Hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy for Graves's disease: a search for an explanation.

Out of 38 patients who had undergone subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves's disease seven to 20 years previously 15 developed hypothyroidism. In these 15 patients autoantibodies against thyroid cytoplasm were significantly more frequent than in the 23 euthyroid patients, though there was no difference in the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin. Histological examination of the thyroid tissue removed at operation showed that significantly more plasma cells and lymphoid follicles with germinal centres were present in patients who subsequently developed hypothyroidism than in those who remained euthyroid. No differences in the amount of lymphocytic infiltration were seen in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients.The results suggest that B lymphocytes play a part in the development of postoperative hypothyroidism in Graves's disease. It is proposed that Graves's disease and Hashimoto's disease are different aspects of the same basic autoimmune process.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1997

Hashimoto's thyroiditis associated with urticaria and angio-oedema: disappearance of cutaneous and mucosal manifestations after thyroidectomy.

A 60 year old woman affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis presented with a history of recurring episodes of urticaria and angio-oedema. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the patient excluded allergy to external agents, hereditary angio-oedema, and occult infections. A pathogenic relation between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and chronic urticaria/angio-oedema was suspected. However, treatment with L-thyroxine had no influence on the frequency and severity of the cutaneous and mucosal manifestations, which occurred almost daily and required repeated administration of steroids. The patient therefore underwent total thyroidectomy. Cytometric analysis of intrathyroidal lymphocyte subsets showed unusual abnormalities. Urticaria and angio-oedema completely remitted after surgery; 18 months postoperatively the patient was still asymptomatic.

Angioedema↗