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PubMed1981

Additional studies on side effects of melperone in long-term therapy for 1 to 15 years in psychiatric patients.

The present study which reports on the hitherto longest continuous melperone treatment recorded in the literature, was conducted in order to reveal side effects of long-term melperone therapy. 17 female and 20 male patients, aged 33-97 years, most of them with the diagnoses: schizophrenia (11 patients), dementia organica (11 patients) and dementia senilis (11 patients) were treated with melperone (Buronil) in doses of 15--800 mg/day for 1 to 15 years. The patients were examined for clinical side effects, abnormal electrocardiograms and ophthalmological diseases as well as abnormal values in sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, leucocytes, creatinine, alanine-aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase and bilirubin. Also the thymol reaction was done. The electrocardiograms and laboratory investigations were controlled by specialists in internal medicine and the eye diseases by an ophthalmologist. We did not find any severe side effects which could be related with any certainty to melperone therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The indocyanine green (Ujoviridin) test in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum].

A dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight of indocyanine-green (Ujoviridin), a chromodiagnostic, was applied in one single injection under standardised conditions to 16 patients, aged between 21 and 31 years (25.9 years on average), with slight to moderate hyperemesis gravidarum, with the view to making an assessment of hepatic excretion.--Also determined were aminotransferases, alanine-aminopeptidase, and bilirubin in serum, accompanied by thymol turbidity tests.--The values of indocyanine-green half-life were all, but for one patient, within or at the upper limit of normal.--While the informative value of individual measurements is limited, the above findings seem to suggest that in cases of slight or moderate hyperemesis the laboratory parameters tested are unlikely to rise to pathological levels, except for slight increases which may be associated to certain individual cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Determination of the enzymatic traits of anaerobic gram-negative nonsporulating bacteria].

The method requiring the use of a semi-liquid medium with the reduced content of protein hydrolysates and with bromo-thymol blue added as indicator and permitting the determination of sugar fermentation by bacteroids and fusobacteria is presented. The determination is made by a change in the color of the indicator and the intensity of microbial growth (opacity) after the incubation of the inoculated medium under free access of air. A study has been made for comparing the above method with the electrometric method for the determination of fermentative features in anaerobic microorganisms.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1984

[Liver function tests and various biochemical parameters in the blood serum of workers chronically exposed to vinyl chloride].

Forty-three persons chronically exposed to vinyl chloride were examined. In their blood serum activity of AlAT and AspAT aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, concentration of total protein and electrophoretic fraction, thymol test value, concentration of ferrum, latent and total ability of ferrum binding, and transferrin ferrum saturation coefficient were determined. In addition, determined were bromsulphtaleinic test and J-131 labelled Bengal red test; furthermore, protein synthesis index was determined, using the Se-75 labelled selenemethionine. The test group, as compared to correct values, exhibited a significant increase in Fe concentration in serum, significantly prolonged Bengal rose decay halftime in blood, and statistically significant decrease in the rate of plasma protein synthesis. The greatest percentage of pathological results was that of the index of protein synthesis rate (50%), T1/2 of CBJ-131 activity decay (39.5%), transferrin ferrum saturation coefficient (30.4%), concentration of Fe (26.1%) and gammaglobuline (24.3%) in serum. A considerable part of the reduced protein synthesis index in the test group of workers pointed to its usability for detecting early disturbances in liver functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sequential biochemical investigations in lepromatous leprosy.

Sequential biochemical investigations were conducted in cases of lepromatous leprosy in the reactive as well as subsided phases. Low levels of blood sugar and serum cholesterol were indicated in the reactive phase of lepromatous leprosy. Significant increase in thymol turbidity and decrease in A/G ratio were noted in most of the cases of lepromatous leprosy. Enhancement of serum levels of transaminases was observed in the reactive phase of lepromatous leprosy. Serum protein electrophoresis indicated increases in alpha2--globulin and r--globulin and decrease in albumin in the reactive as well as subsided phases. The results are discussed in this paper.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1984

[Actions and mechanisms of counterirritants on the muscular circulation].

Studies were conducted on the direct actions of counterirritants on the peripheral circulation and the reflex actions on muscular circulation that would refer to the skin nerve excitation activated with counterirritants . Blood pressure falling tendencies were observed with menthol, thymol, and methyl salicylate (MS) without any effects on respiration, heart rates, and blood flow in femoral artery and gastrochemius muscle. Vasodilatation was caused by the direct application of menthol, camphor, and MS in the isolated ear vessels of rabbits, but none of the counterirritants had effects when they were externally applied on the skin of the ear in plaster form. An increase (circa 40%) in gastrocnemius muscle blood flow was induced by the external application of plasters which contained menthol, camphor, or nonylic vanilyl amide ( NVA ) on the skin of rabbit's hind limb. A slight augmentation was also observed after the application of plasters with MS and without drugs, but these effects disappeared after the hemisection electrical stimulation on the sural nerve of rabbits disappeared almost completely after the pretreatment with propranolol (40 micrograms/kg, i.v.), but atropine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) had no effect. A rise of blood flow in the deep radial muscle elicited by electrical stimulation on the superficial radial nerve remained after the spinal transection at the C 3 level, and at this time, the A beta and A delta components were involved in the superficial radial nerve. These results suggest that when plasters containing counterirritants were externally applied on the skin, direct actions of percutaneously absorbed drugs on peripheral circulation are not expected, but a rise of muscle blood flow is thought to be induced by the spinal somato sympathetic reflex that will cause a suppression on tonic activity in the sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve or a stimulation on beta-adrenoceptors referred to adrenaline released from the adrenal gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Liver status in ostensibly healthy carriers of the hepatitis-Bs antigen].

One hundred eighty five ostensibly healthy candidates for blood donors, HBs positive, were examined at the clinic and laboratory as regards liver disturbances. About one fourth of the examined gave either subjective complaints or showed objective changes, deviations in the paraclinic resp. As patients with chronic hepatitis were proved to be 8,11 per cent of the subjects, 28,65 per cent--hepatitis suspected patients and 63,24 per cent were admitted to be healthy antigen-carriers. Urine urobillinogen reaction, thymol test and transaminase are sufficient for the purpose of preliminary screening. About one third of the antigen positive subjects cannot be accurately defined by the routine clinical-laboratory examination and additional immunoserological and immunohistological methods proved to be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of vitamin B12 in the combined therapy of viral hepatitis].

The microbiological method was used in 168 virus hepatitis patients aged 16-55 years to study the content of unbound vitamin B12 in the blood serum over the time of the disease before administration of cyanocobalamin and in the course of its application in a dose of 100 and 200 micrograms intramuscularly every other day for 3-4 weeks. In the acute stage of the disease, the patients showed an appreciable hypercyanocobalaminemia that correlated well with the disease severity and with the magnitudes of liver function tests. Cyanocobalamin administered to the patients intramuscularly in a dose of 100 micrograms every other day exerted a more remarkable normalizing effect on the level of unbound vitamin B12, bilirubin, the thymol test, aldolase and alanine aminotransferase of the blood as compared to that produced by the drug injected in a dose of 200 micrograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Liver cell function test based on selective laboratory studies].

Laboratory tests have been carried out in 517 workers of a Chemical Fibres Plant. This was aimed at the detection of the changes resulting from cumulative exposure to caprolactam, dowtherm and physical factors. There have been performed hematological investigations, uninalyses and biochemical tests: total protein level, activity of enzymes: ASPAT, ALAT, PA, ChE, thymol test. The results have been analysed as the mean values for particular divisions and workstands; then they have been compared with standards. In order to evaluate the degree of occupational exposure of particular groups of workers, an index of the liver cell damage has been calculated. It was expressed in % of the results exceeding the standards in relation to all results in a given group of workers. The highest values of the index were those in the group employed at the polymerization division. The authoresses promote the advisability of special care for this group of workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum-constituents analyses: effect of duration and temperature of storage of clotted blood.

We studied the effects on 25 analytes of duration of contact of serum with non-anticoagulated blood and of temperature. Serum was separated after blood was allowed to stand, for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, or 48 h at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C. Results obtained for bilirubin, albumin, zinc sulfate turbidity, thymol turbidity, cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1), amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), total cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-lipoprotein, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) were not influenced by storage at 4, 24, or 30 degrees C for as long as 48 h. Negligible differences were seen for potassium in sera in contact with cells as long as 24 h at 23 degrees C and for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 4 degrees C. However, at 4 degrees C we noted an increase at 8 h, a slight decrease at 30 degrees C. Statistically significant changes were seen for total protein and calcium after 48 h at 30 degrees C; for aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C and as soon as 6 h at 30 degrees C; for lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) after 8 h at 30 degrees C and between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C; for glucose at 24, 4, or 2 h of storage at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C, respectively; for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 23 degrees C or 8 h at 30 degrees C; for potassium after 4 h at 4 degrees C or 24 h at 30 degrees C; and for sodium after 48 h at 4 degrees C or 6 h at 23 or 30 degrees C.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Suppression of polar body formation by cytochalasin B and fusion of the resulting plural female pronuclei in eggs of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera.

In the starfish Asterina pectinifera, treatment of the eggs with cytochalasin B inhibits formation of the first or second polar body depending on when cytochalasin B is applied. Consequently, plural female nuclei are produced within the egg. These plural nuclei can fuse with each other after the egg is artificially activated with thymol. The further development of the eggs proceeds normally at least to the early blastula stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Marginal ridge strength of Class II tunnel restorations.

PURPOSE: To test the strength, at the marginal ridge, of the tunnel preparation vs the Class II traditional box preparation when restored with composite or glass ionomer (GI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four extracted maxillary molars stored in normal saline and thymol were randomly divided into six groups of 14 each (determined by pilot study where alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.2). Group A and C were tunnel preparations. Group B and D were traditional Class II preparations. Group E-whole tooth (negative control), and Group F-tunnel preparation unrestored (positive control). Group A and B were restored with Scotchbond 2/P-50 composite. Group C and D were restored with Ketac Fil-GI. The marginal ridge of each tooth was loaded at 0.5 mm/minute on the Instron. A loading rod produced a contact point of 1.0 mm in diameter. RESULTS: The mean compressive loads (kg) required for fracture were: (A): 42.2 +/- 11.9, (B): 53.1 +/- 10.7, (C): 52.0 +/- 10.9, (D): 23.8 +/- 8.4. (E): 79.1 +/- 16.1, (F): 27.0 +/- 10.6. A significant difference was found between whole teeth (E) and all other groups (P < 0.05). The Newman-Keuls test showed a significant difference between Class II composite (B) and tunnel composite (A) (P < 0.05), between tunnel GI (C) and tunnel composite (A) (P < 0.05) but no difference between tunnel GI (C) and Class II composite (B).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Systemic emulsions. 2. Use of different methods of formulation: the effect of essential oils of thyme on stability].

As part of an ongoing investigation on emulsifying techniques, we studied the influence of different essential oils from Thymus vulgaris on emulsion stability. All four chimiotypes tested (geraniol, linalol, carvacrol, and thymol) caused a marked decrease in stability. This instability cannot be explained by a change in the hydrophilic lipophilic balance since the HLBc of the new oil phase (essential oil + paraffine oil) was not significantly different from that of paraffine alone.

Drug Compounding↗
PubMed1994

[Determination of dimethylbenzoic acid isomers in urine by gas chromatography].

Trimethylobenzene (TMB) is a main ingredient of many organic solvents used in industry. In Farbasol (Polish trade name of the solvent) TMB occurs as a mixture of three isomers: pseudocumene (1, 2, 4-TMB) 30%; mesitylene (1, 3, 5-TMB) 15%; hemimellitene (1,2,3-TMB) 5%. As it is known in human organism, TMB is metabolized mainly to dimethylbenzoic (DMBA) and dimethylhippuric (DMHA) acids, and some authors suggest, that the acids excreted in urine can be biological indicators of exposure to TMB. This study was aimed at developing the method of determination of DMBA isomers in urine. Biological material was hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide and next extracted with diethyl ether. DMBA concentration in urine was determined by gas chromatography using a variant of quantitative analysis with internal standard (5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol, thymol). Analytical parameters of the developed method of determination of DMBA isomers in urine such as linearity, precision, reproducibility, stability (192 days, when urine samples stored at-18 degrees C), detectability limit (400 micrograms/dm3) have been fully compatible with the requirements of biological monitoring. In order to confirm the presence of DMBA isomers in urine, four volunteers were exposed (8 hours) to Farbasol in toxicological chamber. The TMB concentration in the air, determined by means of gas chromatograph (HP 5890), amounted to 100 mg/m3 (MAC value in Poland). In urine samples collected 2,3-; 2,4-; 2,5-; 2,6-; 3,4-; 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acids were identified by means of GC/MSD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1993

[Level of total protein and activities of selected enzymes in hemolymph of Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) naturally infected with digenetic fluke larvae].

Total protein and activities of: alpha-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in haemolymph of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, naturally infected with digenetic larvae were investigated. There were no any changes in these parameters in the snails infected with Cercaria tenuispina that occupies mainly hematocele sinuses. Significant increase of activities of all examined enzymes in haemolymph of the snails infected with larvae belonging to the Furcocercariae group was ascertained. These changes were proportional to the degree of injury of the digestive gland, examined with the use of the thymol turbidity test. Total protein level was significantly higher only in haemolymph of snails with higher values of this test.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term clinical toxicity studies with clofazimine (B663) in leprosy.

Fifty-one leprosy patients receiving long-term clofazimine have undergone systematic clinical laboratory testing in a search for any toxicity secondary to the drug. In approximately 220 patient-years of observation and in analyzing approximately 40,000 test results, no statistically significant changes in the direction of abnormality have been observed in SGOT, thymol turbidity, serum globulins, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, white blood cell count or differential, hematocrit, hemoglobin, BUN, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, serum albumin, serum potassium, serum calcium, stool for occult blood, routine urinalysis, or reticulocyte count. Statistically significant changes toward abnormality were found in fasting blood sugar and total serum bilirubin. These statistically significant changes in the direction of abnormality were of a small magnitude, were not associated with related clinical signs or symptoms, and do not seem to be of major clinical significance. Despite the accumulation of relatively massive amounts of the drug in various tissues, clofazimine appears remarkably free of serious or life-threatening toxicity clinically. Although the skin and gastrointestinal side effects of clofazimine limit its usefulness, on the evidence to date, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages in those leprosy patients for whom it is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The clinical picture of imported malaria and its relation to P. falciparum parasitemia].

The paper summarizes the results of clinical examinations of imported malaria in 48 patients, semi-immune foreigners infected with P. falciparum and P. vivax/P. ovale. Of the objective manifestations, hepatosplenomegaly was predominant in P. falciparum infections (34%), whereas in P. vivax infections its occurrence rate was 19%. Body temperature over 38 degrees C with shivering had a higher frequency in P. vivax (81%) compared to P. falciparum (41%) infections. Pathologically altered hematologic values, particularly mild to medium increase in sedimentation rate, were found in all patients with P. vivax/P. ovale, while in patients infected with P. falciparum only in those whose parasitemia exceeded 10,000 trophozoites in 1 microliter blood. Reduced values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean erythrocyte volume are indicative of microcytic anemia of mild degree. Biochemical examinations yielded slightly increased values of the thymol turbidity test and mild reduction of serum proteins at simultaneous increase of albumins (8% of the patients examined). Of the parameters of humoral immunity, there was a rise in immunoglobulin values concerning particularly IgG and IgM, and that in all types of malarial infection studied. Increased values of circulating immunocomplexes had a high frequency rate with all plasmodial species, in P. falciparum infections independently of the degree of parasitemia. (Tab. 7, Ref. 13.)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some sex- and age-dependent correlations in acute viral hepatitis.

HBsAg was found to be present in 28.7% of 1980 sera from acute viral hepatitis (AVH) patients tested by immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The incidence of HBsAg-positive AVH cases was lower in female subjects aged 10-19 years. The follow up of SGPT, bilirubinemia and thymol turbidity kinetics in 473 of the patients revealed some HBsAg-dependent differences. Such differences oscillated more markedly in adults than in children and were less obvious in women. The possible involvement of certain individual factors in the determinism of hepatitis B virus infection and of its further evolution is suggested.

Adolescent↗