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PubMed1995

[Importance of epidemiology and control of the fox tapeworm, Echinococcus multilocularis, in Germany].

A review is given on the epidemiology and control of Echinococcus multilocularis with emphasis on the particular situation in Germany. Recent studies have demonstrated a comparatively frequent general occurrence of the parasite in fox populations in Germany apart from the traditional endemic areas in the Southwest. Final conclusions concerning a putative spread of the parasite from the highly endemic areas in the Southwest of Germany to the North and the East can not be drawn to date due to a lack of data. New and traditional diagnostic tools, as well as prophylactic and therapeutic measures are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Tupaiataenia quentini gen. et sp. n. (anoplocephalidae: linstowiinae) and other tapeworms from the common tree shrew, Tupaia glis.

Three species of cestodes recovered from tree shrews, Tupaia glis, were identified as Sparganum sp., Hymenolepis diminuta, and Tupaiataenia quentini gen. et sp. n. The new genus is differentiated from Mathevotaenia, Markewitchitaenia and Atriotaenia by being craspedote, possessing a large seminal receptacle, the presence of a hermaphroditic canal leading into the genital atrium, and by having two opposable, muscular lappets on the anterior margin of each sucker.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The "dangerous fox tapeworm" (Echinococcus multilocularis) and alveolar echinococcosis of humans in central Europe].

According to the present status of knowledge, endemic Echinococcus multilocularis infections in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are known to occur in the following countries of Central Europe: Belgium (southern parts), Luxembourg, France (Massif Central and eastern parts), Switzerland (21 of 26 cantons) Liechtenstein, Austria (6 of 9 provinces), Germany (812 of 16 federal states), and Poland (northern parts). The prevalence rates of E. multilocularis are highly variable regionally and range between > 1 and > 50%. Dogs and cats are rarely infected (mostly < 1%). The incidence of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is low in the Central European endemic area with 0.02-1.4 new cases per year and 100,000 inhabitants. While in untreated patients the disease is mostly lethal (lethality up to > 90%) and treatment requires high expenditure, AE is of higher public health significance than indicated by the incidence rates. In addition to these aspects diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis in final hosts (dogs, cats) and preventive measures for humans are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Co-infections of tapeworm larvae Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Zeder, 1803) and Fimbriaria czaplinskii Grytner-Ziecina, 1994 in Heterocypris incongruens (Ostracoda).

In subsequent co-infections of Sobolevicanthus gracilis and Fimbriaria czaplinskii an elimination of the majority of specimens of the first species by the next one has been found at the early stage of development. This did not depend on the fact, which species was the first. In concurrent control co-infections of larvae of both species mentioned above developed simultaneously and correctly. It seems to testify the existence of interspecific competition expressed by a peculiar sensibility of larvae at their early stages of development (3rd to 5th day post infection). The longer the larvae of the first species develop the fewer of them become eliminated by the next one.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Influence of tapeworm infection on the production of aggregation pheromone and defensive compounds in Tribolium castaneum.

Recent studies suggest that parasites affect host development, reproduction, and behavior through alterations of host hormones and pheromones, or other hormone-triggered biochemical events. We previously reported that Hymenolepis diminuta infection affects surface-seeking and cannibalism behaviors, and reduces male sperm precedence of Tribolium castaneum beetles. This study examined the quantitative effects of H. diminuta on the production of aggregation pheromone and 3 defensive compounds in male T. castaneum beetles, using 2 wild-caught, geographically distinct T. castaneum strains. For the c-Madison strain, infected beetles exhibited a 2- to 22-fold increase in defensive compounds; conversely, no changes were observed in strain c-Africa. Parasite infection did not significantly influence aggregation pheromone secretion in either strain. Because defensive compounds function as repellents or deterrents to other insects, parasite-induced increases in the secretion of defensive compounds may be a physiologic clue for the behavioral changes in infected T. castaneum beetles. Significant among-strain variation in defensive compound production seen in infected beetles suggests that caution is needed before generalizing about changes in volatile production and in host behavior induced by a parasite.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Scolex morphology of Proteocephalus tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), parasites of freshwater fish in the Palaearctic Region.

The morphology of the scoleces of 11 Proteocephalus species, parasites of freshwater fish in the Palaearctic Region, was compared using light and scanning electron microscopy. The following taxa were evaluated: Proteocephalus ambiguus (Dujardin, 1845); P. cernuae (Gmelin, 1790); P. exiguus La Rue, 1911; P. filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802); P. macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825); P. osculatus (Goeze, 1782); P. percae (Müller, 1780); P. pollanicola Gresson, 1952; P. sagittus (Grimm, 1872); P. thymalli (Annenkova-Chlopina, 1923); and P. torulosus (Batsch, 1786). Some features as overall shape of the scolex, its size, shape and size of an apical sucker were found to be fairly stable and species-specific. The taxa more easily distinguishable from congeners on the basis of their scolex morphology were P. cernuae, P. macrocephalus, P. osculatus, P. percae and P. torulosus. The taxonomic importance of the scolex is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Tapeworm infection resulting from pork eaten at a wedding banquet.

Forty-five people who had attended a wedding banquet were examined by means of both Avidin-Biotin Peroxidase Complex-ELISA (ABC-ELISA) and Kato stool thick smear technic. The results revealed that the positive rates with ABC-ELISA were 15.56% (7/45) and Kato Katz 0.62% (1/161). There was a significant difference between the two positive rates (p < 0.005). Six people at the wedding had taeniasis and 4 of them also had cysticercosis. Local people have no habit of eating uncooked pork, but at this banquet the meat from an infected cysticerci pig was used for preparing dishes for the wedding feast and the cold dishes were contaminated by the bladder worms as the result of using the same chopping block.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Factors regulating tapeworm populations: estimations of the infection pressure and index of clustering from Taenia hydatigena before and after the removal of infected dogs.

A pasture was prepared so that an equilibrium of fresh and ageing eggs of Taenia hydatigena was present. This was done by placing dogs with patent infections on it for six months. Five months after their introduction, groups of lambs were grazed there for two, four, eight, 16 or 32 days. The dogs were then removed. Three and six months later, further groups of sheep were grazed there for a similar period. The infection pressures and the indices of clustering of the eggs were calculated by an examination of the lambs for cysts at autopsy. When the dogs were present, the daily rate of infection was about 60 per cent of the flock. This was reduced to 6.5 per cent then to 3.5 per cent within three and six months respectively after their removal. Very high cyst counts were obtained in some animals and the indices of dispersion diverged from a Poisson model during the period when the lambs were maintained on the pasture in the presence of the dogs. There was a trend for a reduction in the mean cyst counts and the index of dispersion tended to conform more closely to a Poisson model the longer the dogs were excluded. There was also a corresponding reduction in the survival rate of the cysts. It was suggested that an asymptote of less than 100 per cent in the prevalence rate may be accounted for by the acquisition of resistance without the persistence of infection and this was induced in some animals by the initial ingestion of ageing organisms which gradually formed the predominant type after the removal of the dogs from the pasture.

Animals↗