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PubMed1993

Spouse selection among the children of European immigrants: a comparison of marriage cohorts in the 1960 census.

"This article uses 1960 [U.S.] census data to describe patterns of spouse selection among the native-born children of European immigrants. The analysis builds on previous studies of ethnic intermarriage, but is new in that it focuses specifically on the second generation. In addition, it considers intermarriage as a multidimensional phenomenon and evaluates how the relative importance of national and educational boundaries in marriage choice has changed. Comparisons of synthetic marriage cohorts suggest that second generation European Americans marry increasingly into the native stock, they marry increasingly out of their national origin group, and the national boundaries that separate them have become weaker over time. At the same time, it is found that educational homogamy has increased across cohorts." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1991 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.

Acculturation↗

PubMed1976

Prevalence and awareness of hyperlipoproteinemia in physicians and their spouses.

A survey of the prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia was conducted on physicians and their spouses. For those who were classified as having hyperlipoproteinemia, 84 to 88 per cent of the men and 94 to 96 per cent of the women were unaware that they possessed this risk factor. The implication of this lack of awareness among physician is discussed, and the need for further physician education is stressed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Biological traits of spouses: socio-cultural and economic context in the urban and rural environments.

The study covered 89 typical rural families and 161 typical urban families in a few of Polish regions, determining 39 features (morphological, physiological and psychomotor, morbidity, level of education, income and living conditions as well as fertility) of spouses and family. The families compared thus from the years of the best economic conditions (1975-1976) of post-war Poland are different from those described today for other periods and populations. Differences in the majority of somatic features, which are positive indices of health, are insignificant. Some of them, are better developed in urban populations (stronger physique, better nutritional status, lower blood pressure, better respiratory indices), others--in rural populations (greater muscle strength in women, shorter time of reaction). Urban population has been seen to have a higher morbidity than the people of rural areas. Differences in such a constant features as the shape of head point at the process of directional migration from villages of brachycephalic people. This shape of head is probably linked with improper nutrition (deficit of mineral components etc.).

Body Constitution↗

PubMed1992

The role of social supports in the bereavement process of surviving spouses of suicide and natural deaths.

This report examines the changing role of social supports in the bereavement of spouses of elderly suicide and natural deaths, focusing on differences and similarities in relation to gender, time, and mode of death. Measurements were obtained 4 times after death (within 2 months, at 6 months, at 12 months, and at 2 to 2 1/2 years) on 79% of the 108 survivors of elderly suicide, 89% of the 199 natural death survivors, and 79% of the nonbereaved controls. The results indicated that the suicide survivors received significantly less emotional support for their feelings of depression and grief than the natural death survivors, and that they did not confide in the persons in their network any more than the nonbereaved controls did. Women report receiving more support overall than men. A low spot in social supports occurred at the 6-month point after loss for both bereaved groups, but primarily in practical help received by natural death survivors. By the end of the second year, both practical and emotional supports had increased to at least the same level as immediately after death.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

An example of demographic anthropology, the study of matrimonial exchanges--endogamy, choice of spouse and preferential marriage.

The development of demographic studies in anthropology is directly linked to the success of population genetics. The anthropodemographic or anthropogenetic approach is thus underpinned by questions of genetics. While demographers focus on population dynamics and renewal in quantitative terms, population geneticists refer not to individuals but to the sets of genes carried by individuals in a population. Their aim is to detect the factors and processes which influence the genetic evolution of a group, i.e. which modify gene frequencies from one generation to the next. Among them are the factors which affect modes of reproduction. To illustrate the association of these three approaches, i.e. demographic, anthropological and genetic, I use here the example of matrimonial exchanges--which lie at the heart of the population renewal process--among the Dogon of Boni, a Malian ethnic group living in the southern Sahel. We can see how successive analyses--starting with endogamy at macroscopic level and moving down to the individual with choice of spouse and preferential marriage-- combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches, can be used to obtain a detailed description of matrimonial exchanges which shed light upon and complement the three different viewpoints.

Demography↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Coping and health outcomes in spouse caregivers of persons with dementia.

The effects of different coping patterns on the physical health, depression, and anxiety experienced by 60 spouse caregivers of persons with dementia were examined, using Lazarus and Folkman's cognitive model of stress and coping. In addition to coping, the model included the following predictors: severity of the patient's memory and behavior problems, caregiver's appraisal of the stressfulness of those problems, and caregiver's appraisal of their options for managing caregiving. The predictors did not explain a significant amount of the variance in caregivers' physical health, but they did explain 43% of the variance in both depression and anxiety. The only coping pattern that added to the explanations was Wishing-Emotive coping, which consisted of the coping subscales of escape-avoidance, confrontive coping, and accepting responsibility. Caregivers' appraisal of stress was a significant predictor of depression and anxiety, but neither the severity of the patients' problems nor caregivers' appraisal of options was a significant predictor of any of the health outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

[The transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans between spouses].

The aim of this investigation was to study the transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) between husband and wife when one of them was affected by acute juvenile periodontitis (P.A.J.). The hypothesis tested was the role played by the reservoir of the non-infected partner in explaining the frequent recurrences of the disease in the affected spouse despite combined antibiotherapeutical and surgical treatments. Twenty subjects with P.A.J. were studied. A.a. was found in the sub-gingival flora of nineteen of them. This micro-organism was also isolated in each of the partners of the nineteen patients. Each couple presented strains of the same biotype. The serotypes were studied in seven of these couples and confirmed the results of the biotypes. All theses results are in favour of the transmission of A.a. between partners.

Actinobacillus↗

PubMed1991

Wings for a flier's spouse.

This paper discusses how the wings insignias can be used to understand the pilot's environment. The author uses as an example the French Navy Wings, and emphasizes the role of spouses in helping pilots to cope with stress.

Aviation↗

PubMed1990

Utilization of outpatient health services by Army retirees and spouses.

To determine the sources and volumes of outpatient care used by one group of military beneficiaries, a data collection tool entitled the Outpatient Health Care Survey was developed and mailed to 496 Army retirees in southern Texas. This article details the results of that survey based on responses from 262 Army retirees and spouses.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Gender differences in health practices of black couples with a hypertensive spouse.

Black couples with a hypertensive spouse completed the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). When demographic variables and HPLP subscale scores were correlated no significant differences were found between hypertensives and non-hypertensives. Significant gender differences were noted on the HPLP subscales, with women having significantly higher scores on nutrition and social support. The sample was below average on the majority of the HPLP subscales.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Effects of caregiving on caregiver spouses of stroke victims.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of caregiving on caregiver spouses of stroke victims and the change in these effects over time. Twenty-nine effects of caregiving were identified. These effects were grouped into four major categories. The number of effects in the categories of loss of freedom and social activities and change in role, decreased over time. The effects in decrease in physical and emotional health and marital discord increased over time. The presence of a chronic illness in the caregiver and/or a second chronic illness in the stroke victim appeared to influence the escalation of effects of caregiving. An additional factor may be the length of time in the caregiving role. Nursing implications suggested by this study relate to helping the caregivers in the early mobilization of their own informal resources for respite care and to assisting caregivers to deal with the emotional aspects of caregiving.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of the Jalowiec Scale with cardiac patients' spouses.

The Jalowiec Coping Scale was factor analyzed using scores of spouses of 210 cardiac surgery patients. Three factors were found which agreed with the factors reported by Jalowiec. Factor I was related to Confrontive coping strategies, Factor II to Palliative strategies, and Factor III to Emotive strategies. A little over 31% of the variance was accounted for by the three factors. Alpha reliabilities were .84, .70, and .74, respectively, for the three factors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1989

Relation between lymphocytotoxic antibodies, anti-DNA antibodies and a common anti-DNA antibody idiotype PR4 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, their relatives and spouses.

Forty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 65 of their healthy relatives and 20 spouses were studied for the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA), anti-lymphocyte antibodies (ALA), antibodies to DNA and a common idiotype (Id) PR4. Seventy-one per cent of the patients had positive levels of LCA, and in 34% the PR4 Id was detected; normal levels were found in their families. Anti-PR4, an anti-Id, failed to block the lymphocytotoxic activity in those nine patients who both carried the Id and had LCA. This indicates that the Id was not present on LCA. There was no correlation between anti-DNA antibodies and LCA, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in their expression.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗

PubMed1977

Predominance of extreme geographical proximity of the spouses of heirs to independent farms in a mountain valley in Norway between 1600 and 1850.

The marriages contracted between 1600 and 1850 in the parishes Vang and Slidre in the mountain valley of Valdres in Norway were investigated, using the information in the genealogical and local history of the parishes and in various public archives. The parishes functioned as a marriage isolate, in spite of regular communication with neighbouring districts. Only 54 of 4334 marriages were with residents outside the parishes, and marriages with a non-farming class (clergy) were as rare (47); 1130 marriages were probably between offspring of crofters and independent farmers. The further analysis concerns 3103 marriages contracted by the eldest sons and other heirs to 463 of the 493 farms, with members of the farming class within the parishes. Because of the linear settlement with clusters of same-named farms along both sides of the river, marital distance was measured by counting the number of farm-clusters (neighbourhood steps) between places of birth. In comparison with expectation when the marriage partner is chosen at random, marriages within the cluster occurred 13 times more frequently than expected, with an adjoining cluster 8 times more frequently and with a neighbour 1-2 clusters away 6 times as frequently as expected. One-third of the 3103 marriages were contracted within a distance of two clusters or less, and 60% eight clusters or less apart. A marital distance of 15 clusters (= 7 km) included 74% of the marriages. The predominance of a marriage pattern based on such geographical proximity must necessarily imply similarity in genetic structure of the descendants. Close consanguineous mating was apparently consciously avoided. This extreme geographical proximity of the spouses of heirs to the independent farms is probably explained by the function of a marriage as a contract to benefit the farm: promoting good neighbourliness and preventing quarrels and lawsuits related to the already very complicated ownership of cultivated land.

Female↗

PubMed1978

Psychosocial factors seen as problems by family practice residents and their spouses.

Residents and spouses in the University of Minnesota Family Practice Program were surveyed using an inventory relating to psychosocial stresses in their lives. Faculty realized that the residency period of education was a process of critical role transition. Adequate adaptation made to stresses is related to the learning environment. The survey revealed that central concerns are leisure/time scarcity problems, domestic/spouse complaints, conflicting demands on study needs, lack of self confidence, reservations about medicine as a career choice, decrease in sexual expression, parenting worries, and communication deficiencies. Empirical data on stresses give rise to some program modifications and to further research.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Coronary care and rehabilitation: patient and spouse responses.

Responses and attitudes of 33 patients and their spouses to management during and after myocardial infarction were assessed by questionnaire and interview. The needs of both not only changed between the time of acute illness and recovery but also frequently differed. Desire for more information both in hospital and after discharge was emphasised. The perceived educational role of coronary care nurses differed from that of doctors. We conclude that it should be directed towards providing patients and families with general information and facilitating doctor/patient communication, rather than replacing that of the doctor in providing information about the patient's own condition and management. The rehabilitative programme appeared to help patients and families cope with what were frequently profound emotional stresses during early convalescence. As a result of this study we have looked more critically at some aspects of our patient management whilst the value of others has been reinforced.

Admitting Department, Hospital↗

PubMed1983

Laryngectomees in Norway. Study No. 2: pre-operative counselling and postoperative training evaluated by the patients and their spouses.

Twenty-six per cent of 189 Norwegian laryngectomees considered pre-operative counselling to be nonsatisfactory. Similarly, postoperative self-care training was rated nonsatisfactory by 55%. The quality of the pre-operative counselling had a significant influence on the patients' ability to perceive postoperative training which subsequently correlated with mastery of the laryngectomy event. Seventy per cent of the spouses felt that they had not been offered adequate counselling. The problems endured at home for 60% of them could have been amenable to relief by improved counselling. It is questionable if the teams in the different treatment and rehabilitation institutions were aware of all the requirements for the total treatment and rehabilitation of patients facing a laryngectomy.

Counseling↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Best laid plans: pre- and postpartum comparison of self and spouse in primiparous Lamaze couples who share delivery and those who do not.

This study investigated pre- and postpartum attitudes toward self, spouse, and the ideal of 47 primiparous couples who chose the psychoprophylactic (Lamaze) method of childbirth, 34 who were able to share the delivery as planned (Y/Y) and 13 who were blocked from doing so because of complications, necessitating cesarean section (Y/N). Osgood Semantic Differential ratings revealed that both Y/N men and women perceived self- and various ideal concepts lower pre- and postnatally than did Y/Y subjects. Both groups of women showed statistically significant increases pre-post in activity for several concepts, and Y/N women also showed increases in potency for the ideal woman. Y/N husbands showed no statistically significant pre-post gains, while Y/Y husbands widened a statistically significant gain pre-post on the activity dimension for self. Implications for nursing practice and for further research are discussed.

Adult↗