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PubMed1977

Etorphine and shuttle-box self-stimulation in the rat.

Rats were trained to turn rewarding electrical brain stimulation on and off by crossing back and forth in a shuttle-box. Moderate doses of the narcotic analgesic, etorphine, increased mean ON times while having little effect on OFF times. Tolerance did not develop to the reward enhancement action over five consecutive days of injections. This paradigm seems valuable for exploration of the reinforcing properties of narcotic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

On the neurochemical basis of self-stimulation with midbrain raphe electrode placements.

Bar-pressing for electrical stimulation of the median raphe nucleus in rats was not attenuated by 5HT receptor blockade with metergoline or cyproheptadine, by 5HT depletion induced with parachloroamphetamine or by prior destruction of ascending 5HT pathways with intracerebral microinjections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Furthermore, in a shuttle box paradigm in which rats could both initiate and terminate stimulation, parachlorophenylalanine did not antagonize initiation of stimulation. It is concluded that the rewarding effects of raphe stimulation are not mediated by serotonergic mechanisms. In contrast to these results, alpha-methyl-paratyrosine induced catecholamine depletion exerted an inhibitory effect on initiation behaviour without impairing termination of stimulation. It is concluded that the rewarding component of raphe stimulation is mediated by catecholamines. Termination of (escape from) stimulation was not materially affected by catecholamine or 5HT depletion suggesting the aversive component of raphe stimulation may not be mediated by these monoamines.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1987

A systematic evaluation of the properties of self-stimulation train-duration response functions.

A series of experiments examined the characteristics of train-duration response functions and two statistics derived from these functions: train-duration thresholds and maximum rates. Train-duration response functions exhibited a steplike appearance. The slope of the train-duration curves was not influenced by either reward or performance manipulations, which suggests that the animals were not matching their response rates to changes in these factors along the steep part of the function. Substantial shifts in train-duration thresholds were observed following changes in the reward value of the brain stimulation, whereas maximum rates were affected by changes in factors such as response effort. The results of Experiments 1 through 6 demonstrate several similarities and differences between train-duration response functions and the reward summation functions generated with manipulations of stimulation frequency. The experiments described in this report provide convergent evidence for the validity of both of these approaches.

Animals↗