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PubMed1987

Odorant stimulation of secretory and neural processes in the salamander olfactory mucosa.

Topical application of the odorants guaiacol (10(-3) mol/l, 1-30 min) and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP, 10(-5)-10(-3) mol/l, 15 min) caused time- and concentration-dependent reductions in the secretory granule content of acinar cells of the superficial Bowman's glands (sBG) and moderate to extensive vacuolation in acinar cells of sBG and deep olfactory glands (dG). Topical application of 9.8 mg/ml scopolamine 10 min before 10(-4) mol/l IBMP significantly reduced the amount of secretory granule depletion from sBG compared to that seen with IBMP alone and resulted in less extensive vacuolation in sBG and dG acinar cells. The i.p. injection of 42 mg/kg propranolol 10 min before topical application of 10(-4) mol/l IBMP had no effect on the action of IBMP. Guaiacol and IBMP also had time- and concentration-dependent effects on the secretory activity of sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium. The protrusion of secretory material into the mucociliary matrix that covers the epithelial surface and vacuolation within the secretory material resulted from odorant application. Scopolamine and propranolol had no effects on the action of IBMP on sustentacular cell secretory activity. When applied in the vapor phase, guaiacol elicited action potentials recorded from individual olfactory receptor neurons; the impulse frequency was concentration-dependent and showed tonic and phasic components when the duration of stimulation was varied. Low to moderate concentrations of IBMP delivered in the vapor phase evoked monophasic negative slow voltage transients recorded from the surface of the olfactory mucosa. The amplitudes of these transients increased with increasing stimulus concentrations. Higher concentrations or longer stimulus durations evoked longer-latency positive-voltage generating processes and negative afterpotentials. The properties of the electrophysiological responses to both odorants were characteristic of responses evoked by a wide variety of 'typical' odorants.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Non-innervated sense organs of the lateral line: development in the regenerating tail of the salamander Ambystoma mexicanum.

New lateral organs (neuromasts) are formed in regenerating tails of the larvae of a urodele, the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), even in the absence of the lateral line nerve, as confirmed by electron microscopic examination. The non-innervated organs are similar to normal innervated organs. The hair cells are polarized in opposite directions, and despite the lack of nerve endings, contain synaptic bodies, which in normal innervated organs are found in relation to afferent boutons.

Ambystoma↗
PubMed1982

Responses in the optic tectum of the salamander Hydromantes italicus to moving prey stimuli.

In the tectum opticum of Hydromantes italicus neurons were recorded extracellularly which responded selectively to moving visual stimuli. Part of the recorded cells were marked iontophoretically by means of alcian-blue dye for anatomical localization. Out of a total of 110 neurons six groups could be distinguished which preferred the square stimulus but differed strongly in their responses to rectangles oriented either vertically or horizontally. Two of these groups showed stimulus preference inversion if the stimulus velocity was changed. These response patterns displayed characteristic differences with those known in other amphibia, well corresponding to differences in the prey catching behaviors.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The karyotypes of the Corsican and Sardinian mountain salamanders, Euproctus montanus and E. platycephalus (Urodela: Salamandridae).

The chromosomes of Euproctus montanus and E. platycephalus were studied by means of the C-banding method and the AS-SAT technique which are useful for identifying the single pairs of the complement and for recognizing nucleolar organizer regions. According to the morpho-structural characteristics shown by the specific karyotypes, it has been possible to draw some cytotaxonomic deductions concerning the karyological evolution within the insular group.

Animals↗