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PubMed1988

Retirement-age women and pensions: findings from the New Beneficiary Survey.

This article examines the extent of employer-sponsored pension receipt and the amounts of pension benefits among a cohort of retirement-age women interviewed in the New Beneficiary Survey. These women reported relatively low levels of pension protection. Only 27 percent were receiving a pension in late 1982, either from their own employment or as survivors. This was one-half the rate of current pension receipt among a comparable cohort of men. An additional 17 percent of the women were expecting pensions of their own or had potential survivor protection through their husbands' pensions. Among those receiving a pension, women reported median monthly benefits of $250, compared with $460 among men. Pension benefits were a fairly important source of income for these women, particularly those who were unmarried. Almost one-half of the unmarried recipients depended on their pensions for one-third or more of their total incomes, and without their pension income 11 percent would have been below poverty income levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Optional early retirement as an alternative to involuntary layoffs: some observations on the Israeli experience.

The use of optional early retirement (OER) in Israel is discussed in the context of the tendency to consider forms of voluntary work-force reductions as an alternative to dismissals and layoffs during organizational retrenchment. The pros and cons of OER are assessed from both the organizational and the individual points of view. Although much more palatable than involuntary dismissals, attention is called to the hidden costs of OER in terms of organizational effectiveness, the stigmatizing use of age as a selection criterion, and the unintended effects on individual well-being.

Attitude↗
PubMed1987

[Locomotor and cardiorespiratory impairments after retirement in relation to certain occupational exposures during working life].

The relationships between locomotor and cardiorespiratory impairments and occupational exposures during working life were examined, using a sample of 627 retired persons in the greater Paris area. Among men, there was a significant statistical association between carrying heavy weights and locomotor impairment. There were also significant associations between exposure to toxic products, tiring postures and vibrations and cardiorespiratory impairment among men. Concerning women, associations between exposure to dust and tiring postures during working life and cardiorespiratory impairment were observed. These results were obtained after adjusting for age, socio-professional status, tobacco use, living alone and after adjusting also for the other occupational exposures. These results are compatible with the hypothesis of long-term effects of occupational exposures on the principal health characteristics of the aged.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Vitamin supplement use in a Southern California retirement community.

Vitamin supplement were taken regularly by 62% of men and 69% of women surveyed in a Southern California retirement community. Supplement use was associated with more frequent use of health screening procedures and with several other health-related habits. A substantial proportion of residents consumed high levels of vitamins C and E, and 3.2% consumed potentially toxic doses of vitamin A.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Job-loss and morbidity in a group of employees nearing retirement age.

As part of a study of the morbidity of a group of workers made redundant from a meat products factory, the health of employees nearing retirement has been investigated. Consultations, episodes of illness and referrals to and attendances at hospital outpatient departments were recorded annually as the indices of morbidity. With the threat of redundancy a significant increase in morbidity was noted for the male employees but not for the female employees. It is suggested that these men adapt less easily to redundancy than the women.

England↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Professional activity in retirement--a sociologic study of employment in agriculture and trade in the Schwerin district].

Basic principles on employment at the age of retirement having been explained beforehand the results of interviews with 700 employers concerning motivation and conditions in relevance are recorded. The employment rate in the age-group under consideration is discussed as dependent on the historical level of the society, the conclusions aiming at goals to be fulfilled in enterprises as well as in the society as a whole.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Vitamin A and cancer incidence in a retirement community.

The use of vitamin A supplements and the risk of cancer was examined in a cohort of 11,888 residents of a retirement community near Los Angeles, California. After 2 1/2 years of follow-up, 445 incident cancers occurred in 435 of the study participants. Overall, the relative risk of cancer for supplement users versus nonusers was 1.0. In a subset of 32 randomly selected individuals, the 14 supplement users had a significantly higher mean serum retinol level (86 micrograms/dl) than did the 18 nonusers (74 micrograms/dl).

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Retirement from work; consequences for well-being. A longitudinal analysis].

Both empirical research and gerontological theories lead to diverging opinions on the effects of finishing the labour process on well-being. On the basis of longitudinal data this paper concludes that the well-being of older persons who retired from the job in the period 1976-1982 did not clearly decrease more than persons who continued working in that period of time. This result still holds in a regression-analysis in which a number of relevant factors are kept constant.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Civil Service Retirement System annuitants and Social Security.

This article examines the extent to which annuitants of the Federal employee Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) are entitled to Social Security benefits. It is based on linked administrative data files from the two systems. Ninety-one percent of all those receiving CSRS annuities in 1979 had worked at some point in their careers in jobs that were covered by Social Security. Almost 80 percent of the annuitants aged 65 or older were entitled to Medicare benefits. Of those aged 62 or older, 73 percent were entitled to Social Security cash benefits, including 10 percent who were entitled only as spouses or survivors of workers covered under Social Security. About 39 percent of the female annuitants aged 62 or older were entitled to benefits as wives or widows of workers, including some who were also insured for benefits based on their own earnings. The average combined benefit for those with Social Security was +845 among annuitants aged 62 or older. For those receiving only CSRS annuities, the average was +959. Those not entitled to a Social Security benefit tended to have more years of Federal service and higher annuities than did those entitled to both a Social Security benefit and a CSRS annuity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Work disability as a form of early retirement].

This article explores to what extent a disability-insurance-law for employees in the Netherlands (the WAO) functions as an early-retirement-program. It is shown that there are strong positive correlations between age and the chance to quality for disability-benefits on the one hand and age and the duration of the disability on the other hand. This results in reduced participation-rates among older age-groups in the laborforce. This is one of the reasons why the pensionable age fixed by law at sixty-five does not lead to a clear-cut rift in these participation-rates at this pensionable age.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Income changes at and after Social Security benefit receipt: evidence from the Retirement History Study.

This article details the changes in total income and the composition of its sources that occur upon initial receipt of Social Security benefits, and in the first 4 years thereafter. The study shows that, for many persons, "retirement" is a gradual process rather than an immediate cessation of all paid work. About half the persons entering the rolls continue at least some paid employment after benefit receipt. Even more do so if previous earnings were low or if they have no pension to supplement their benefits. In real terms, the average couple initially loses about one-third of its previous income, while nonmarried women, with less to begin with, lose somewhat less. In the time period studied, inflation was high in historical terms: the Consumer Price Index rose by approximately one-third in the 4-year period following benefit receipt. During that time, the real income of beneficiaries declined by about 10 percent from the levels immediately after benefit receipt. Fewer beneficiaries continued to work 4 years later, so earnings played a smaller role in total income. The real value of private pensions declined by about 20 percent in the 4-year period, but because most persons with such pensions had other, better-protected sources of income, their total income declined by less than 10 percent.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Changes in food expenditures, 1969--73: findings from the retirement history study.

From 1969 to 1973, average expenditures for food at home reported by Retirement History Study respondents increased by almost the same proportion--30 percent--as did the food component of the consumer price index. Changes in these expenditures were not very responsive to changes in income, but income had greater power in explaining total food expenditures. The analysis was based largely on a regression technique that identifies the factors most important in explaining the variation in food expenditures. Size of household was the most important predictor of both the total level of household food expenditures and the per person level. Residence (urban, rural nonfarm, and farm), a proxy variable for home-produced food, was also generally significant. With size of household and income taken into account, a number of socioeconomic variables--including race, sex, age, morale, health, education, and homeownership--were found not significant.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Retirement options under the Swedish national pension system.

This article reviews the retirement options available to Swedes aged 60 to 64 under their national pension system. Summaries of the various options are followed by an analysis of the relative attractiveness of each option using hypothetical 60-year-old workers with varying characteristics. The proportion of 60- to 64-year-old Swedes selecting each option corresponds closely to the relative attractiveness orderings computed for these hypothetical workers. Sweden has a unique pension alternative called the partial pension program that allows workers aged 60-64 to reduce their hours of work to within prescribed limits and receive a pension equal to half the earnings they lost. The Swedish experience with this popular pension is described in some detail.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Health assessment of managers 63 and 64 years old. (Results of the first step of a prospective study on the adaptation to retirement) (author's transl)].

A cross-sectional study has been carried out on a group of 180 male preretired managers and top executives in order to investigate their health status. This study is the first part of a longitudinal survey undertaken to analyze the adjustment to retirement among managers. These 180 subjects were 63 or 64 years old, still working at full time. The study included a standardized medical questionnaire, a medical examination as well as various biological, physiological and psychological measurements. For each main ICD categories of diseases, the prevalence rate was assessed; for each subject two indices of global morbidity were established. Furthermore, some risk factors of cardio-vascular diseases were assessed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Physicians' retirement.

There are few guidelines available for physicians approaching retirement. Since many physicians do not enjoy their years after practice, guidelines for making this time of life enriching and a period of intellectual growth can be helpful.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Connecting older female nurses' worklife issues to retirement.

What are the worklife issues of significance to older nurses and to what extent will they influence retirement decisions? In Canada, the recent push toward obtaining a baccalaureate degree before the year 2000 has resulted in extraordinary pressures for older nurses and brought about divisions within the profession--age and experience being important variables in this conflict.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

PMSLIC's new coverage for retired physicians: we do all count.

The Pennsylvania Medical Society Liability Insurance Company now offers medical liability insurance coverage for retired member physicians who write prescriptions for themselves or their immediate families. Though the coverage was just approved by the Insurance Department in August of this year, it was in the making for more than 10 years. This is a background.

Insurance, Liability↗