Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Remuneration”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

898 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Trainee interns in general practices.

AIM: To determine the impact of trainee interns (sixth year medical students) on general practices involved in medical student teaching. METHOD: Postal questionnaires were sent to general practitioners, nurses and receptionists in each of 30 general practices throughout New Zealand. Questionnaires were also sent to patients in practices where a trainee intern was present during the study period. RESULTS: Nearly all of the general practitioners, receptionists and nurses found advantages in having trainee interns. Advantages included enjoyment of teaching and personal satisfaction from student involvement in the practice. Two thirds felt that the advantages would increase if the attachment duration was extended. General practitioners reported an increased level of stress and decrease in productivity, with greater hours at work per week. Remuneration was considered inadequate by a third of the general practitioners. Patients found trainee intern involvement advantageous, with improvement in quality of both care and communication. Disadvantages included longer waiting time and longer appointment time. Younger patients were more likely to find disadvantages than older patients. CONCLUSION: Trainee interns in general practices can have a beneficial impact on the quality of primary care. There are disadvantages for health care professionals and patients, and appropriate compensation (in money or time) is important for community undergraduate medical education to continue to be acceptable.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Female health workers boost primary care.

Women residing in villages in three districts of Pakistan were recruited, trained to deliver primary care and mobilize their communities for health, assigned to limited catchment areas, provided with supervisory and managerial support, and remunerated. Their comprehensive activities substantially reduced infant, child and maternal mortality within a year and generated positive perceptions of family planning in the communities. The programme was cost-effective and appeared suitable as a model for reforming the organization and provision of health care services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Free-standing health care facilities: financial arrangements, quality assurance and a pilot study.

Free-standing health care facilities now deliver many diagnostic and therapeutic services formerly provided only in hospitals. The financial arrangements available to these facilities differ according to whether the services are uninsured or insured. For an uninsured service, such as cosmetic surgery, the patient pays a fee directly to the service provider. For an insured service, such as cataract surgery, the provincial government uses tax revenues to fund the facility by paying it a facility fee and remunerates the physician who provided the service with a professional fee. No comprehensive, proactive quality assurance efforts have been implemented for either these facilities or the clinical practice provided within them. A pilot study involving therapeutic facilities in Ontario has suggested that a large-scale quality improvement effort could be undertaken in these facilities and rigorously evaluated.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1997

Knowledge and attitude towards voluntary blood donation among Dhaka University students in Bangladesh.

This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among the students of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, to assess their knowledge and attitudinal variables towards voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation. Two hundred students were selected to participate in this study and were interviewed face to face on various aspects of blood donation using a structured questionnaire. Eighty two per cent of the participants showed a positive attitude towards blood donation, however, only 16 per cent of the respondents in this study had actually ever donated blood voluntarily. Among the non-donor respondents, physical harm and fear were found to be the common reasons for not donating blood. The results also showed that a high number of respondents (93%) had a negative attitude towards paid blood donation. We suggest that appropriate motivational campaign should be launched immediately among this young section of the population to convert this favourable "attitude" towards blood donation into a regular "practice" in order to increase the voluntary blood donation in Bangladesh.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[GSG (Structured Health Regulation)-conforming documentation of surgical interventions in a university clinic--3 years clinical experiences 1994-1996].

The cost increase in the public health sector is steadily mounting and hence politicians are forced to redefine the economic conditions for regulations. As a new quality in the area of inpatient hospital care the new German law of structural health care (GSG), valid as of January 1, 1993 replaces the principle of covering full costs. The GSG law required in our hospital an adjustment of existing EDP structures with integrated automatic remuneration estimate and the installation of a medical structure of the organisation for complete and correct documentation. Weakpoints of the prescribed obligatory ICPM codes and inadequate legal regulations result in a lack of separation or wrong integration of the lump sum payment in individual cases (FP) and special compensation (SE). The summary analysis of the compensation system with a subsequent medical control system showed a primarily inaccurate classification by 12%. There is as yet no proof for the usefulness of a lump sum payment system resulting in a selection of risks.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1997

[Surgical information systems as instruments in quality assurance].

In various aspects, it is important to document medical procedures performed in surgical management. These records have become even more relevant because, in realizing the German health structure law, new forms of remuneration have been established, which are correlated with defined services. This means that data from medical documentation records today "rule" on financial compensation and, consequently, on the total economy of a hospital. Data are to be gathered considering multiple clinical and administrative requests; they have to register all pre-, intra- and postoperative details in their complex correlations; and, they are subject to strictly limited periods of compulsory availability. To meet these demands, data can only be recorded and evaluated by adequate computerized information systems. Starting out from a general data profile in response to questions from inside and outside of the hospitals, general criteria will be presented on what is to be recorded and how data are to be structured by surgery information systems. We will also refer to the interfaces required with information systems of other clinical departments that are part of the overall hospital information system. On this basis, guidelines are set up on how to plan, select, introduce and efficiently run these systems.

Cost Savings↗
PubMed1998

Cardiovascular disease. Physician attitudes toward prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Survey of physician attitudes toward practising cardiovascular disease prevention. DESIGN: Questionnaire administered via telecommunication from 1992 through 1994. SETTING: The FAMUS (Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke) project, between 1992 and 1996, used weekly telecommunication to collect data from 200 general practitioners throughout the province of Quebec on cardiovascular disease risk factors and their treatment. PARTICIPANTS: Of 200 physicians contributing to the FAMUS project, 156 completed questionnaires (response rate 78%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Variations in attitudes to prevention policy and risk factor interventions. RESULTS: Survey results revealed physicians knew important risk factors for cardiovascular disease but differed in attitudes toward efficacy of treatment. Intervention to control cholesterol was thought to be very effective by 21.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.2 +/- 6.4) and without effect by 10.3% (95% CI 10.3 +/- 4.8). Intervention to improve dietary habits was considered ineffective by 48.1% (95% CI 48.1 +/- 7.8). Confidence in managing risk factors varied; most respondents described themselves as only moderately skilled. A few practitioners (30.1%; 95% CI 30.1 +/- 7.2) acknowledged practice guidelines as an important source of information on which to base preventive interventions. Only 14.7% (95% CI 14.7 +/- 5.6) of those surveyed included remuneration as contributing to their implementation of prevention activities in practice. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in physician attitudes could influence risk factor intervention. Interventions to change lifestyle are associated with uncertainty about patient compliance, efficacy of treatment, and ability to effect lifestyle changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Developing and supporting school health programs. Role for family physicians.

PROBLEM BEING ADDRESSED: School staff are anxious about the demands on their time associated with a perceived increase in health problems among their students. OBJECTIVE OF PROGRAM: To respond to these concerns by developing a health committee in two elementary schools and one high school. The health committee could perform needs assessments and, with the results of these assessments and a careful literature review, could develop health policies and procedures appropriate to the school environment and to evolving community expectations. MAIN COMPONENTS OF PROGRAM: A committee of four family physicians (nonremunerated parents of students), one of whom served as Chair, four school administrators, and one part-time remunerated nurse practitioner explored aspects of illness in the schools. They studied approaches to acute and chronic student illness; emergency response; management of children with special needs; environmental safety; health promotion; and the availability and quality of resources for learning about health for teachers, administrators, parents, and students. CONCLUSION: Opportunities exist for family physicians to expand their involvement in child and adolescent health in schools. Involvement should be collaborative and multidisciplinary and reflect community interests and needs.

Emergency Treatment↗
PubMed1997

Random amplified polymorphic DNA observed in Eucalyptus by PCR study with random primers.

A total DNA extracted from Eucalyptus globlus, E. citriodora, or a subspecies of E. gunnii (Maruha Yu-kari) being used as an template, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed with 40 kinds of commercially available random primers (Operon, OPA-01-20 and OPB-01-20). After electrophoresis of PCR-products on agarose gel, we analyzed the band pattern formed by DNA-fragments with 0.5-3.0 kbp as molecular weight. As a remuneration for the examination in which forty 10-mer arbitrary oligonucleotides were tried to be used as primers in PCR for each species, we found that 9 primers (for E. globlus) leads polymorphism, 6 primers for E. citriodora, and 6 primers for Maruha Yu-kari.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Innovative low-risk maternity clinic. Family physicians provide care in Calgary.

PROBLEM BEING ADDRESSED: Because some family physicians choose to stop providing maternity care, many women and their physicians have to seek this care from other providers. These providers must respect family physicians' relationships with patients and the necessity of returning the family to the referring physician for primary care after appropriate maternity and newborn care has been provided. OBJECTIVE OF PROGRAM: To design a clinic to address this problem and to deal with the practical issues, such as preservation of lifestyle, adequate remuneration, and avoiding litigation, family physicians face when they choose to practise obstetrics. To provide role models and training opportunities for future family physicians. MAIN COMPONENTS OF PROGRAM: Compatibility and cooperation among member physicians is essential in order to provide care to a substantial number of patients using an established protocol. A well-organized call schedule allows clinic physicians to enjoy a reasonable lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: The clinic, established and organized by family physicians, provides family-centred maternity care for women and their families when their family physicians choose not to practise obstetrics.

Alberta↗
PubMed1998

Anaesthetic training programmes in the UK: the role of the programme director.

Schools of anaesthesia provide anaesthetic training in the UK. Each school has at least one programme director undertaking some or all of the management duties. Most programme directors appears to be unresourced volunteers whose roles have developed in response to local requirements. A postal questionnaire was sent to all anaesthetic training programme directors in the UK, asking about their role. Respondents had a wide variation in duties and responsibilities towards anaesthetic training schemes. Few had terms of reference, clear lines of responsibility, remuneration or resources to undertake the role.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1978

Geographic variation in physicians' fees. Payments to physicians under Medicare and Medicaid.

To study geographic differences in physician fees recognized by the Medicare and Medicaid programs, we analyzed physician reimbursement rates at the national, regional, state, and county levels. The results indicate that nationally, Medicaid specialist fees are 77% of Medicare specialist fees. Meidcare specialist fees in metropolitan areas are 23% higher than those in nonmetropolitan areas, but there are no differences under Medicaid. State Medicare specialist fees varied from 73% to 132% of the national Medicare average, while Medicaid specialist fees ranged from 49% to 179% of the national Medicaid average. State Medicaid fees for specialists ranged from 39% to 100% of Medicare specialist fees. These results indicate that under national health insurance, fees set at national or statewide levels could have notable effects on physician remuneration in some localities.

Fee Schedules↗
PubMed1998

[The current situation surrounding pharmacies and pharmacists].

As Japan's society continues to age, the Medical Insurance System has been substantially reviewed. As a result, 1. The medical care system has been separated from the custodial care system with the allocation of medical and custodial care insurance benefits. 2. The basis has been laid in terms of the legal provisions and the medical remuneration requirements for the establishment of a home care system. Amidst the major transformation of Japan's social order in the wake of these moves, the pharmacy and pharmacist are called upon to play a positive role in:1. Fostering the correct use of drugs through the sale of drugs and by filling prescriptions. 2. Assisting patients in self-medication. 3. Being involved in, and supporting, custodial medical care for the elderly and home care. While some 9,000 pharmacists join the profession each year, the situation regarding the training of pharmacists is marked by a serious dilemma between the demand for pharmacists as a medical resource and the practical conditions for obtaining the qualifications of a pharmacist. The system for training pharmacists is about to enter a new era with the review of the university and graduate school courses and the introduction of clinical training in the course. These changes are expected to produce very positive results.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed1998

[Billing fraud from the viewpoint of the federal health insurance society].

During the past ten years, there has been a controversy among the German registered physician about settlement fraud-then outraged, now calling for criminal proceedings and an investigation by the public prosecutor. This is due to the fierce competition in a system of dense medical representation. Economically, any settlement fraud in the compulsory health insurance damages the colleagues, not the health insurance. An assessment of remuneration settlements under criminal law reveals the following: there is only one premeditated, punishable settlement fraud. Before demanding criminal proceedings which result in investigations by the public prosecutor, the society of panel doctors has to decide whether there is a case of premeditation or negligence. The society must be aware of the consequences for the physician. Types of deficit settlement: (1) settlement of services not rendered; (2) settlement of services not rendered personally; (3) false settlement of services rendered; (4) uneconomical settlement of services. Whether the latter can lead to criminal investigation, is still controversial. Within the medical profession, however, disciplinary action as well as proceedings for the cancellation of the licence can be requested.

Fees, Medical↗
PubMed1998

General practitioner deprivation payments in Northern Ireland: is the current system equitable?

The allocation of General practitioners deprivation payments has been a contentious issue since it was first proposed. This paper examines the method of allocation of such payments in Northern Ireland. A more equitable system would be based on enumeration districts, have a lower Jarman score and a closer relationship between Jarman score and remuneration. Unlike other parts of the UK these changes are now possible in Northern Ireland and should be implemented.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1998

Oral health systems in Europe. Part II: The dental workforce.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the practice of dentistry and the dental workforce in eighteen European countries. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Semi-structured, in-depth validation interviews were carried out with key-informants from the main national dental associations of EU and associated countries. The interviews were structured around the responses to a previously completed questionnaire, whose topics and terminology had been agreed in advance with the collaborating associations. The resulting descriptions of dental practice and the dental workforce in each country were returned for further validation and correction by the collaborating associations. Ultimate editorial control over the review of each country's oral health system rested with the academic unit from which the associations jointly commissioned the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of Austria the primary training and registration of dentists is now more or less standard across Europe. However, wide international variation exists in the official recognition of dental specialists and auxiliaries. The Nordic countries of Sweden, Finland and Iceland recognise the broadest range of specialties. In contrast Spain, Portugal, Luxembourg and Belgium currently do not formally recognise any types of specialist practice. Fee-for-service is the dominant form of remuneration for dentists across Europe, but considerable variation exists in the level of fees, how they are decided and the proportion paid by the patient. When based upon standard questionnaires, semi-structured interviews with key informants are an effective method for capturing both the specifics of how an oral health system works, and the general similarities and differences between countries.

Delivery of Health Care↗