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At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A comparison of articulator settings obtained by using an electronic pantograph and lateral interocclusal recordings.

Articulator settings were obtained for two subjects 10 times in a 2-week period by using both a lateral interocclusal record technique and a Pantronic pantograph. The ORB and PSS articulator settings obtained from the two techniques were compared and the following conclusions drawn. 1. Over a 2-week period, the variance in the Pantronic pantograph ORB and PSS articulator settings was less than the variance in the setting obtained by using lateral interocclusal records. For the Pantronic pantograph technique, 95% of any ORB settings were within 2.5 degrees of the Pantronic pantograph mean and 95% of any PSS settings were within 1.9 degrees of the Pantronic pantograph mean. For the interocclusal record technique, 95% of the ORB settings made with interocclusal records were within 11.9 degrees of the mean for one subject and 13.4 degrees of the mean interocclusal records setting for the other subject. For the PSS settings, 95% of the interocclusal record settings were within 10.1 degrees of the mean setting for one subject and 11.6 degrees of the mean interoccusal record setting for the other subject. 2. In adjusting the ORB and PSS articulator settings, the maximum potential occlusal errors that may be produced by using the Pantronic pantograph are smaller than the maximum errors that may be produced in using the lateral interocclusal record technique.

Dental Articulators↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of lateral interocclusal records to pantographic tracings.

Many techniques exist to record patients' lateral jaw movements, but they have not been thoroughly investigated. This study compared recordings of immediate sideshift by using a pantograph and two intraoral registration materials. Pantographs were completed on 20 healthy participants by using chinpoint guidance and a kinematic hinge axis. Three lateral interocclusal records were completed on each participant and averaged for right and left sides. The average immediate sideshift recorded by a pantograph (0.54 mm) was less than that recorded by the two intraoral registration materials. The standard deviations were similar for all materials. An analysis of variance test identified significant statistical differences between a pantograph and one of the intraoral registration materials, but not between the pantograph and the other registration material. Immediate sideshift recorded with one material compared favorably with a pantograph recording when three records using the chinpoint guidance were averaged.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Agreement of injury reporting between primary care medical record and maternal interview for children aged 0-3 years: implications for research and clinical care.

OBJECTIVE: To assess agreement of injury reporting between primary care medical record and maternal interview. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of data from a randomized controlled trial of home visiting. The setting was Hawaii's Healthy Start Program (HSP). Subjects comprised a population-based sample of children in at-risk families with 3 years of primary care medical records and maternal interviews (n = 443). Outcome measures were percentage of children injured unintentionally and mean number of injuries per child in the first 3 years of life by primary care medical record and maternal interview. RESULTS: We identified 490 injuries: 48% by primary care medical record, 22% by maternal interview, and 30% in both sources. More children were reported injured by primary care medical record than maternal interview (51% vs 39%, P< .001). The mean number of injuries per child was 0.87 by primary care medical record and 0.51 by maternal interview (difference 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.27-0.45, P< .001). Agreement between data sources was fair (kappa = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: This study estimates that 25% of childhood injuries may not be reported in the medical record, highlighting the need for reconsideration of the use of medical records as the gold standard for unintentional injury data. Caution should be used when interpreting injury data from one source, especially from families with stressful life situations. Poor communication regarding injuries between social service, primary care and urgent care providers may contribute to decreased quality of primary care and missed opportunities for injury prevention.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed2004

Consequences of impaired data quality on information retrieval in electronic patient records.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the quality of specific information in electronic patient records and the consequences of sub-optimal data quality on automated information retrieval. METHODS: Patient records were evaluated with respect to accuracy of data relevant for retrieval according to a source-oriented, time-oriented and concept-oriented view of the record. Retrieval effectiveness was estimated using various methods based on record structure, text based retrieval and combinations of these. RESULTS: 98.1% of record documents were consistent regarding author, 99.8% regarding department of origin and 90.9% regarding document date. Document type was definitely not consistent in 8% of the documents. Estimated recall was 97% with 50% precision for document retrieval on the basis of date, and varying from 31 to 100% for retrieval based on document type. Retrieval based on manually supplied semantic tags performed better than simple string-based methods and improved when combined with string-matching mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Data attributes central for automated document retrieval in electronic patient records showed variable accuracy, with potentially negative consequences for basic record navigation. Text-based retrieval was inferior to methods based on data representing record structure. Quality of specific information elements suffered from lack of precise definitions and adequate mechanisms for quality assurance.

Information Storage and Retrieval↗
PubMed2006

Health care utilization: measurement using primary care records and patient recall both showed bias.

OBJECTIVE: To assess reasons for discrepancies between primary care consultation measured from patient self-report and that based on medical records. METHODS: Retrospective comparison of recalled consultation in previous 12 months among 2,414 subjects aged 50+ who reported knee pain in a population survey vs. primary care medical records. Record review included (1) all knee morbidity codes and (2) knee problems mentioned in consultation text. It was then extended to: (3) more than 12 months before survey, and (4) consultations for leg or widespread problems (e.g., generalized osteoarthritis). RESULTS: In those who reported knee pain, recalled consultation prevalence for knee problems "in past year" was 33% compared with 15% based on medical records. Forty percent of those with a recalled consultation had a recorded knee problem in the same time period (kappa = 0.43). Expanding record search to include leg and widespread problems, and knee problems up to 40 months prior to survey, increased "verified" self-reported consulters to 80%. CONCLUSIONS: Disparity in estimates of consultation prevalence arose from inaccuracy of: (1) recall in survey responders and (2) recording by general practitioners of specific problems and repeat consultations. Perceived importance of problem in a multiproblem contact and whether it leads to an outcome (e.g., prescription) may influence recording. Implications exist for service provision projections and research.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Pre-extraction records for complete denture fabrication: a literature review.

Dentists use arbitrary methods in determining the vertical dimension of occlusion, and arranging the maxillary anterior teeth. Some dentists have difficulty in making maxillomandibular records for completely edentulous patients. Therefore the use of pre-extraction records has been recommended. This article reviews the pre-extraction records proposed for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion, recording centric relation, and arranging the maxillary anterior teeth. A MEDLINE search, from 1966-2002, for the key words "pre-extraction records" was supplemented with a hand search to identify relevant peer-reviewed English articles published in dental journals. On the basis of the review, it appeared that pre-extraction records proposed for determining the original vertical dimension of occlusion and arranging the maxillary anterior teeth for a completely edentulous patient were useful and preferred to arbitrary methods, whereas pre-extraction records proposed for recording centric relation may not be necessary.

Centric Relation↗
PubMed2000

The prevalence and impact of 'atypical' days in 4-day food records.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how days with atypical food intake affect estimates of usual nutrient intake from 4-day food records. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Secondary analyses of 4-day food records (4DFRs) (n = 2,560) collected from 1,090 women, aged 50 to 79 years, who participated in the Women's Trial Feasibility Study in Minority Populations, a randomized dietary intervention trial. DESIGN: Food records were classified as atypical if participants marked one or more day's food intake as "more than usual" or "less than usual." Total amounts and nutrient densities (percent of energy or grams per 1,000 kcal) were examined for all macronutrients, fiber, vitamin C, beta carotene, and calcium. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Contingency tables were used to examine associations of demographic characteristics with the likelihood of completing a 4DFR with atypical intake days. Analysis of variance was used to test whether nutrient intake differed among records with and without atypical days. Student t tests were used to identify any differences in total energy and percent energy from fat among typical and atypical intake days. RESULTS: Approximately 16% of records included at least 1 atypical day. Reporting less-than-usual intake was associated with younger age, higher income, and higher body mass index. Black women were less likely to report more-than-usual intake than whites and Hispanics. Records with less-than-usual intake had lower intakes of all nutrients analyzed except alcohol; however, there were no differences in nutrient densities. Records with more-than-usual intake had higher intakes of alcohol and all nutrients except beta carotene and vitamin C, with higher nutrient density measures of alcohol and decreased nutrient density measures of protein, vitamin C, and fiber. CONCLUSIONS: Atypical intake days are common in 4DFRs and they have a large effect on mean total intakes of most nutrients. APPLICATIONS: It is important for researchers to collect information on atypical intake days included in a 4-day food record. Strategies are needed to incorporate information on atypical intake days when analyzing and interpreting research results.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1995

Study of the acceptability of lateral interocclusal records by a modular articulator.

Semiadjustable articulators are extensively used for routine restorative procedures. The instruments may be adjusted by lateral interocclusal records. However, it has been reported that semiadjustable articulators do not accept lateral interocclusal records from all patients. The Hanau modular system 194 semiadjustable articulator was introduced to develop occlusion with minimal error. The manufacturer recommends that the instrument should be adjusted by means of lateral interocclusal records. This study investigated the acceptability of lateral interocclusal records. Sixty lateral interocclusal records were made for 30 edentulous subjects, and the acceptability of the records was evaluated by use of the split-cast mounting procedure. Out of 60 lateral interocclusal records, 52 (87%) records were accepted by the articulator. A Z test was used for two proportions and was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Suitability of minidisc (MD) recordings for voice perturbation analysis.

A new digital recording format, Minidisc (MD), shows promise for high-quality voice recordings. It is available in a portable size and uses magneto-optical recording techniques on a miniature compact disc. The disc can be recorded an unlimited number of times with essentially the same playback life span: however, the digital recording technique uses a data compression algorithm that may interfere with acoustic voice perturbation analysis. This study investigated what effects this compression may have and whether the MD format is viable for use in this application. The MD format was evaluated by traditional synthetic test signals used on recording devices. In addition, human phonation recorded on Digital Audio Tape (DAT) was used as the input to the MD. The output of the MD was then compared to the original DAT recording. The two signals were analyzed for long- and short-term perturbation measures, and their waveforms were visually inspected. The results indicated that the MD format performed as well as the DAT format in all areas of standard tests, with the exception of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. S/N ratio for the MD was approximately 10 dB less than for the DAT under normal operating conditions; however, in comparing perturbation measures on normal human vowels, there were no significant differences between the two formats, i.e., no distortions in voice perturbation were introduced by the MD record/playback process.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Linking hospital discharge and death records--accuracy and sources of bias.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and apply an automated linkage algorithm to 10 years of California hospitalization discharge abstracts and death records (1990 to 1999), evaluate linkage accuracy, and identify sources of bias. METHODS: Among the 1,858,458 acute hospital discharge records with unique social security numbers (SSNs) from 1 representative year of discharge data (1997), which had at least 2 years of follow-up, 66,410 of 69,757 deaths occurring in the hospital (95%) and 66,998 of 1,788,701 of individuals discharged alive (3.7%) linked to death records. Linkage sensitivity and specificity were estimated as 0.9524 and 0.9998 and positive and negative predictive values as 0.994 and 0.998 (corresponding to 400 incorrect death linkages among out-of-hospital death record linkages and 3,300 unidentified record pairs among unlinked live discharges). RESULTS: Based upon gold standard linkage rates, discharge records for those of age 1 year and older without SSNs may have 2,520 additional uncounted posthospitalization deaths at 1 year after admission. Gold standard comparison for those with SSNs showed women, the elderly, and Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks had more unlinked hospital death records, although absolute differences were small. The concentration of unidentified linkages among discharge records of traditionally vulnerable populations may result in understating mortality rates and other estimates (i.e., events with competing hazard of death) for these populations if SSN is differentially related to a patient's disease severity and comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Because identification of cases of out-of-hospital deaths has improved over the past decade, observed improvements in patient survival over this time are likely to be conservative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Design and construction of a long-term continuous video-EEG monitoring unit for simultaneous recording of multiple small animals.

In recent years several new rat models of human limbic/mesial temporal lobe epilepsy have been described [1,2,4-7,11,15-17]. Unlike earlier models such as kindling in which the seizures are induced by an exogenous stimulus, these new models are characterized by seizures that occur spontaneously at random intervals. Although the spontaneity of the seizures makes these models more like human epilepsy, documentation of these seizures by direct observation is highly inefficient, and sub-behavioral electrographic seizures could be missed. Continuous paper EEG and video recording have been used [5-7,15], but these techniques are resource intensive. The slow paper speed required by long-term paper recordings limits the ability to differentiate between true seizure activity and electrical artifact. Subtle behavioral seizures are likely to be missed during rapid review of video recordings alone [16]. Ambulatory cassette EEG recordings have been used [3], but the systems require expensive proprietary hardware, and the systems have limited channels for recording (8-16). To improve the utility of the models, we developed a long-term EEG/video monitoring system to detect the electrographic seizures and document their behavioral accompaniment. The system is based on commercially available components, including a computerized EEG seizure detection system that was initially developed for human seizure monitoring [8,9,13]. Seizures are reliably detected and the data are reduced so that 24 h of recording can be reviewed in 30-90 min. Although the computer program is accurate, special care must be taken in system design and construction to reduce sources of electrical artifact that can cause false detections when multiple animals are recorded simultaneously on a single EEG machine. During data review it is necessary to differentiate between electrical artifact induced by animal activity from true seizure activity by key EEG patterns. Certain seizure patterns (less than 3 hz. low amplitude) will not be detected by the seizure detection program, but the system is highly effective for typical limbic seizures and may be useful for the animal models of absence epilepsy [12,14]. It can also be used as a continuous or intermittent EEG/physiological recording device for experiments that examine animals' spontaneous behavior and the EEG correlate (e.g. sleep/wake cycles, learning and memory tasks).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Sharing patient care records over the World Wide Web.

In order to obtain appropriate medical care, patients can be referred or transported from one hospital to another based on the capacity, capability and quality of medical care provided by hospitals. Therefore, enabling patient care records to be shared among hospitals is essential not only in delivering the quality of medical care services but also in saving medical expenses. Currently, most patient care records are paper-based and not well organized. Hence, they are usually incomplete and can hardly be accessed in time. The authors in this paper present methods to structure and represent patient care records, design mechanisms for interpreting and integrating the XML-based patient care records into the existing hospital information systems. More importantly, in our approach, each significant piece of medical record is associated with a tag based on the syntax and semantics of the XML. The XML-based medical records enable a computer to capture the meaning and structure of the document on the web. The authors have developed a unified referral information system in which patient care records can be shared among hospitals over the Internet. It can not only facilitate the referral process but also maintain the integrity of a patient's medical record from distributed hospitals. The workflow of the system basically follows the existing manual system and can easily be adapted. The working group on integration of municipal hospital information systems, Department of Health, Taipei City Government, has decided to adapt this system for referral practice among the municipal hospitals.

Hospital Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vital signs records omissions on prehospital patient encounter forms.

INTRODUCTION: A reported in-field, prospective evaluation of 227 prehospital patient assessments by advanced life support (ALS) emergency medical technicians (EMTs) found a frequent failure to measure vital signs. The objective of this retrospective review was to report the omission frequency of vital signs found in a centralized emergency medical services (EMS) data collection system. METHODS: The EMS database contained information from 90,480 optically scanned, prehospital patient encounter forms. Each record identified EMT skill levels, response times, dispatch type, vital signs, medical and trauma information, treatment, and patient disposition. Records for 1989 and 1990 were collected from 92 rural EMS providers who responded to emergency medical and trauma events. RESULTS: Of 90,480 emergency responses, 14,129 (15.6%) were false alarms, deceased, or canceled without vital patient contact. Valid encounters were documented for 76,351 (84.4%) patient contacts. Systolic blood pressure measurements were not recorded for 13,262 (17.4%) patients. Diastolic blood pressure was not recorded for 14,272 (18.7%) patients. A pulse record was not recorded for 12,125 (15.9%) patients. A ventilatory rate was absent in 12,958 (17.0%) patient records. CONCLUSION: This study found a frequent failure by non-metropolitan basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) EMTs to record vital signs on prehospital emergency patient encounter forms. It supports a previous report of direct in-field observations of ALS EMTs failing to measure vital signs during patient assessment. The impact of vital sign omissions upon individual patient care can be assessed only by receiving medical control physicians. In the absence of effective emergency physician networking, the statewide magnitude of the problem among BLS and ALS EMTs has not been recognized as a system issue.

Ambulances↗
PubMed1998

Availability of records in an outpatient preanesthetic evaluation clinic.

OBJECTIVE: Despite efforts to develop electronic access to medical records, there are few data on availability of past evaluations. Typical analyses assess only availability of paper charts. We studied the availability of prior internal and external medical documentation in the preanesthetic clinic of our tertiary teaching institution, which has had access to hospital-wide electronic records for five years. METHODS: Residents and clerks answered questions on availability of desired pre-existing records either in a physical chart delivered to our clinic by computer terminal, at the start of the physician interview, and on later success in obtaining desired records not available at start of interview. Patient interview lengths were calculated. RESULTS: 397 responses from 19-9-96 through 25-10-96 were available after 718 patient encounters. The surgeon's history & physical was unavailable in 11%. For 114/397 patients (29%) the anesthesiologist desired more preexisting information than was available in either paper or electronic format. For 32/397 patients (8%), the desired information resided outside the institution ("MISSING EXTERNAL"); for 89/397 (22%), it was within the institution ("MISSING INTERNAL"). Additional information was desired for 41% of ASA 3/4 patients, and for 23% of ASA 1/2 patients. Some or all of desired information was not found for 45% of MISSING INTERNAL, and for 78% (p = 0.12 NS) of MISSING EXTERNAL. MISSING EXTERNAL of any ASA status required significantly longer evaluations (70+/-39 min) than even ASA 3/4 patients missing no information (51.4+/-35.7 min, p 0.03). The surgeries of only eight patients (2%) were postponed in the preanesthetic evaluation clinic; half of the postponements were to obtain pre-existing records. CONCLUSIONS: Anesthesiologists retrieved, and added to the perioperative evaluation, information from previous encounters for 16% of patients. Despite our hospital-wide electronic records, internal information was missing for 22% of patients. Uneven deployment, and reliance on transcription may contribute to failures. A national electronic medical records system would benefit the 8% (one out of twelve) of outpatients missing external records identified in this study. For many patients, optimal medical understanding was not achieved during the planned preanesthetic evaluation.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1999

The implementation of a new parallel child health record.

After a decade of research, the parent-held Personal Child Health Record was introduced in some parts of the United Kingdom in 1991, coinciding with the enforcement of the Children Act 1989. It was designed as the main record of a child's health and development, to be used until adulthood and to be held by parents. Several Health Care Trusts have since discovered a need to maintain parallel records in the best interests of children. Barnet introduced the 'Joint Professional Record' in 1995 for selected children, such as children on the Child Protection Register. The Joint Professional Record (JPR) is a single, clinic-held, parallel record for multidisciplinary use. We undertook a programme of audit and staff seminars to develop and evaluate use of the JPR. We discuss, below, the impact of this record on professional working relationships and consider the implications of its use as a confidential record and within our policy of working in partnership with parents. In our experience, the JPR has proved a useful adjunct to clinical supervision in the arena of Child Protection and is appropriately used for children in need of protection and those with 'special needs'.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of the 1988 International Headache Society diagnostic criteria in nine Italian headache centers using a computerized structured record.

BACKGROUND: The actual application of the current International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria in clinical practice has not been investigated thoroughly. OBJECTIVES: To develop a computerized, structured, medical record based exclusively on the IHS classification system. DESIGN AND METHOD: We tested the computerized structured record by entering and analyzing data reported on the case sheets of 500 consecutive patients attending nine headache centers in Italy. All clinical diagnoses in the study were made according to current IHS criteria. The rate of concordance between the diagnosis provided by the computerized structured record and that reported by clinicians on the case sheets was calculated, and reasons for any discrepancies between the two diagnoses were analyzed. RESULTS: Concordance between the two diagnoses was found in 345 of 500 cases examined (69%). In the remaining 155 cases, diagnoses reached with the computerized structured record and case sheets were impossible or discordant with respect to the diagnoses made by the clinician. In 144 of these cases (28.8%), this was due to missing information or errors in the diagnosis recorded by the clinicians on the patient case sheet. In particular, the diagnosis could not be reached using the computerized structured record in 105 cases (20.6%) because of a lack of one or more data needed in formulating a correct diagnosis according to the IHS operational criteria for one of the primary headache disorders. In the remaining 41 cases some data were missing, but the data available were sufficient to reach a diagnosis according to the IHS criteria. Moreover, the diagnoses reached using the computerized structured record were not in agreement with those made by the clinicians in another 39 cases (7.9%) due to an incorrect interpretation by the clinicians of the data reported on the patients' case sheets. In only 2.2% of the cases (n = 11) misdiagnoses were due to errors of the program that were promptly corrected. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that incorrect application of IHS criteria for the diagnosis of primary headache may occur in as many as one third of patients attending headache centers and that use of a computerized structured record based exclusively on current IHS criteria may overcome this deficiency.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1996

[Quality of prenatal data in the Hessian Perinatal Registry. A comparison with data from maternal health record and results of a pregnancy survey].

In the Federal State of Hesse, Germany, pregnancy and delivery related data are collected in a central perinatal registry called "Hessische Perinatalerhebung" (HEPE) since 1981, the objective being to enforce quality assurance and to contribute to a reduction in perinatal mortality and morbidity. The delivery unit compiles these data based on the antenatal record called "Mother Passport" and the actual delivery. In order to check on the quality of data, information on risk factors obtained from the perinatal register was compared to information from antenatal records and from a questionnaire administered to pregnant women prior to delivery. The study population comprised 1978 women who delivered at the maternity unit of the Municipal Hospital of Wiesbaden, the Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, in 1990 and 1991. Comparison of the three data sources revealed substantial differences: Almost all risk factors were most frequently mentioned by the mothers themselves, less by the antenatal record and even less by the perinatal register. These differences were less pronounced for data on previous pregnancies and pre-existing disease and on abnormal positioning. Considerable differences were found in relation to pregnancy induced hypertension, intra-uterine growth retardation, incapacity of the cervix, preterm labour and bleeding. Risk factors related to the social environment and personal habits like psycho-social stress and smoking were found to be extremely under-reported in the antenatal records as well as in the perinatal register. The following factors could be identified as major reasons for the different risk profiles obtained from the various data sources: [1] Data loss through the transfer of data from the antenatal record to the record form of the perinatal register or to the computer, [2] selective recording of those risk factors considered by doctors to be particularly relevant, [3] missing definition of some risk factors and [4] recording of antenatal data for the perinatal register by the delivery unit after knowing the pregnancy outcome. Antenatal data in the perinatal register of Hessen are doubtful and should not be used uncritically for comparative studies and the assessment of relative risks. The extreme under-reporting of some risk factors may even lead to giving some interventions undue priority. In future, regular validity studies should become routine. A reduction of the data losses as well as a clear separation of antenatal data and delivery data could be achieved if antenatal data would be transferred from the doctor providing antenatal care direct to the perinatal register.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of adverse drug reactions detected by pharmacy and medical records departments.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) detected by the pharmacy and medical records departments of a multispecialty teaching hospital were studied. The charts of all adult patients who were identified by the pharmacy or medical records departments as having had an ADR and who were discharged from the hospital between July and September 1990 were reviewed. Data on patient demographics and the characteristics of the ADRs were collected, and the causality and severity of each ADR were assessed by two pharmacists and one physician. A total of 110 charts representing 117 ADRs were reviewed. Twenty-five (21%) of the ADRs were identified by the pharmacy department and 101 (86%) by the medical records department; 9 (8%) were reported by both departments. The pharmacy and medical records groups of patients were demographically similar, except that the percentage of patients admitted through the emergency room was significantly smaller for the pharmacy department group. ADRs identified by the pharmacy were most commonly cutaneous, and those identified by medical records were most commonly neurologic. For the pharmacy department, hypersensitivity reactions accounted for the largest number of ADRs, while for medical records the largest number involved abnormal laboratory test values. Anti-infectives were involved in two thirds of the pharmacy-identified ADRs, compared with only a fifth of the ADRs identified by medical records. Mean causality and severity scores did not differ significantly between the groups. The medical records department identified four times as many ADRs as the pharmacy department. Observed differences in the number and types of reactions, manifestations, patient locations, and suspected drugs probably reflect the different surveillance methods and ADR definitions used by the two departments.

Adult↗