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At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

An assessment of indoor air contaminants in buildings with recreational activity.

Indoor air quality measurements were carried out during three concerts and one ice hockey game in three different halls. Gas phase components consisted of CO2, CO, and NO whereas for particulate indicators, measurements of particle mass distributions (0.05-9 microm), particle number distributions (0.75-10 microm), and particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAH) were carried out. The calculated ventilation rates did not meet the ventilation requirements for rooms with occupants who smoke to be perceived as acceptable by 80% of the occupants. Average PM9 (mass of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 9 microm) concentrations throughout the events ranged from 318 to 2000 microg m(-3). Particle concentrations in the size range < 0.4 microm measured 203-696 microg m(-3), the majority of it being attributed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). For particle numbers > 0.75 microm concentrations ranged from 2 x 10(4) to 1.9 x 10(5) particles per l while for pPAH, concentrations from 336 to 990 ng m(-3) were observed. The average event concentrations for the gaseous component CO2 ranged from 1110 to 1700 ppm, for CO 2-3.1 ppm and for NOx 237 ppb. The event to baseline concentration ratios for gaseous components ranged from 1.1 to 4.3 while for particulate indicators generally much greater ratios between 0.7 and 140 were found. Possible health effects inflicted by an exposure based on the measured concentrations of the various parameters are discussed.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1986

All-terrain vehicle accidents: the experience of one hospital located near a major recreational area.

In two separate studies, charts of 169 all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident victims admitted to the emergency department of Desert Hospital in Palm Springs, California, were reviewed. Twenty-four percent of the cases were women, 30% were hospitalized, and 1% (two patients) died. The youngest patient was 3 and the oldest was 76. About 31% had been drinking, and the major type of bony injury (16%) was to the clavicle, ribs, or sternum. The accident rate was calculated as ten accidents per 1,000 ATV rider days, which is comparable to the ski accident rate of six per 1,000 skier days. The three-wheeled variety of ATV is responsible for nearly all the accidents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2002

Variations in the concentration of radon in parts of the Ogof Ffynnon Ddu system, Penwyllt, South Wales and estimates of doses to recreational cavers.

A new winter and summer investigation of radon concentrations in parts of the Ogof Ffynnon Ddu system at Penwyllt, South Wales, has been carried out using 100 environmental National Radiological Protection Board track etch detectors. Fifty detectors were installed in the system in December 1998 and again in August 1999 for a period of a month. The data obtained confirm that the system has moderately high radon concentrations with a system mean of 2318 Bq m(-3) in winter and 2844 Bq m(-3) in summer. Traverse means have a summer high of 3094 Bq m(-3) for OFDI to Cwm Dwr and a winter low of 1946 Bq m(-3). The extremely high concentrations approaching 20,000 Bq m(-3), reported previously from the system (Hyland, 1995), have not been reproduced. The data show that the airflow directions at the entrances are not what might have been predicted. Air appears to be largely continuously emerging from the lowest entrance but, at the higher entrances, conversely to the predictions, in winter air enters and in summer appears to be coming out or is variable. Internally, there are sites that in winter have very low radon concentrations that can only be explained by the ingress of fresh air. These are not matched in the summer experiment, again indicating that ingress of fresh air to some parts of the system is very variable. The data illustrate the complexity of airflow within a multi-entrance system but behind these variations several mean concentrations can be obtained from which an approximation of the dose likely to be received can be calculated. Using the maximum mean concentration obtained, 3094 Bq m(-3), and using the latest dose conversion, a 10 h underground trip in the Ogof Ffynnon Ddu system yields a calculated dose of 0.12 mSv. Given that the recommended limit for a member of the public is 1 mSv, this dose would be reached after about 80 h of caving in the system.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Healthy nightclubs and recreational substance use. From a harm minimisation to a healthy settings approach.

Recent trends identify a global rise in the use of drugs such as ecstasy as part of nightlife behaviour. In order to protect young people's health, a variety of harm reduction interventions have been implemented, often focusing on the direct effects of substance use. However, the risk to health posed by substances is also related to the nightlife environmental in which they are used. A healthy settings approach to nightclubs allows environmental issues and substance use to be tackled together. Consequently, a wider range of individuals and organisations feel capable of participating in the risk reduction process. Some countries have already developed integrated approaches to nightlife health. However, growth in international travel associated with nightlife and the additional risks posed by nightclubbing in an unfamiliar country mean that both interventions and basic health and safety measures are now required on an international basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Recreational exercise in arthritis.

For the person with arthritis, the consequences of prolonged inactivity add measurably, and unnecessarily, to disease-related impairments, functional limitation, and disability. Inadequate levels of regular physical activity also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. This article reviews the benefits of regular physical activity for general health as well as the literature on conditioning exercise in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Recommendations and guidelines are given for including conditioning exercise in comprehensive management.

Arthritis↗
PubMed2006

Patterns of participation in recreational and leisure activities among children with complex physical disabilities.

Children with physical disabilities are at increased risk of limitations to participation in everyday activities. This study describes research examining the participation of children in day-to-day formal and informal activities (excluding mandated academic schooling). Using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) measure, data on participation patterns were collected from 427 children (229 males, 198 females; mean age 10 y [SD 2 y 4 mo]; range 6-14 y) with physical limitations and from their families. The primary types of physical disability in the sample included cerebral palsy, spina bifida, acquired brain injury, and musculoskeletal limitations. Findings indicate a broad range of diversity and intensity of participation, with proportionately greater involvement in informal rather than formal activities. Significant differences in participation and enjoyment were found between males and females, and for children more than 12 years of age. Children's participation was less diverse in families reporting lower income, single-parent status, and lower respondent parent education. These findings provide a foundation for an improved understanding of the participation of children with physical disabilities, which can assist families and service providers in planning activities that fit with their child's preferences and ensure active participation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis infection at an Illinois recreational waterpark.

Cryptosporidium has become increasingly recognized as a pathogen responsible for outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. In August 2001, an Illinois hospital reported a cryptosporidiosis cluster potentially linked to a local waterpark. There were 358 case-patients identified. We conducted community-based and waterpark-based case-control studies to examine potential sources of the outbreak. We collected stool specimens from ill persons and pool water samples for microscopy and molecular analysis. Laboratory-confirmed case-patients (n=77) were more likely to have attended the waterpark [odds ratio (OR) 16.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8-66.8], had pool water in the mouth (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.3-26.8), and swallowed pool water (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.5-13.3) than age-matched controls. Cryptosporidium was found in stool specimens and pool water samples. The chlorine resistance of oocysts, frequent swimming exposures, high bather densities, heavy usage by diaper-aged children, and increased recognition and reporting of outbreaks are likely to have contributed to the increasing trend in number of swimming pool-associated outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. Recommendations for disease prevention include alteration of pool design to separate toddler pool filtration systems from other pools. Implementation of education programmes could reduce the risk of faecal contamination and disease transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Tidal forcing of enterococci at marine recreational beaches at fortnightly and semidiurnal frequencies.

Marine beach water quality is typically monitored in early morning once a week without respect to tidal condition. To assess the effect of tide on this public health warning system, we analyzed enterococci (ENT) data from 60 southern California marine beaches with differing geomorphology, orientation, and proximity to runoff sources. ENT concentrations during spring tides were significantly higher (p < 0.1) than those during neap tides at 50 of the beaches, and at the majority of these, water samples were also more than twice as likely to be out of compliance with the ENT single-sample standard during spring tides compared to neap tides. When tide range (spring/neap) and tide stage (ebb/flood) conditions were considered together, spring-ebb tides yielded the highest ENT concentrations and the greatest chance of exceeding the single-sample standard at the majority of beaches. The proximity to a terrestrial runoff source, the slope of the runoff source, the slope of the beach, and the orientation of the beach had minimal influence on the tidal modulation of ENT concentrations. The presence of spring and spring-ebb tide signals at such a great percentage of beaches suggests that tide should be considered in the design and interpretation of beach monitoring program data. It also suggests that ENT delivered by tidally forced sources other than terrestrial surficial runoff are widespread. Possibilities include ENT-laden groundwater (saline and fresh) from the beach aquifer as well as ENT-enriched sands, decaying wrack, and bird feces near the high water line.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed2003

Recreational physical activity and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a large cohort of US women.

Due to its potential effects on ovarian hormone production, physical activity has been proposed as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. The authors analyzed data from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort to examine the association between various measures of physical activity and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Information on physical activity was obtained in 1992 via a self-administered questionnaire for 72,608 postmenopausal female participants who were cancer-free. During the five year prospective follow-up, 1520 incident breast cancer cases were identified among these women. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compute hazard rate ratios (RR) and to adjust for potential confounding factors including mammography. Women who were most physically active (> 42.0 MET-h/week) at baseline had 29% lower incidence rates than active women with the least activity (> 0-7.0 MET-h/week) (95% CI, 0.49-1.02). The difference in risk was largest for localized breast cancer, and for women who did not use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at enrollment. Our findings are consistent with other studies that show lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with regular physical activity.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Concussion in sports and recreation.

More than 800 sports-related concussions occur in the United States each day, sometimes involving high-profile athletes whose injuries reach public awareness through sports broadcasts and news media. Although nonphysicians are often present and relied upon for the detection of concussion in the sports setting, the proper diagnosis and management of this neurological problem require a physician's thoughtful attention to the athlete's signs and symptoms. This article offers a diagnostic protocol and treatment recommendations as well as a useful grading scale and management strategy for return to competition.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Recreational weight lifting and aortic dissection: case report.

Although there have been previous cases of ascending (type I) aortic dissection recognized in young weight lifters, this is the first reported instance of a descending (type III) dissection in such an individual. Successful treatment included aortic fenestration and an aortoiliac bypass. A new entity of aortic dissection in young weight lifters may be emerging.

Adolescent↗