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PubMed1997

Rape and rapists: theory and treatment.

The sexual assault of adult women is noteworthy by its huge social and personal cost to the victims, their families, and ultimately society as a whole. The past decade has seen burgeoning research and clinical interest regarding child molesters but a lack of equivalent effort concerning rapists. Rapists are significantly different from child molesters. While considerable heterogeneity exists within this group, there is a lack of distinctiveness when compared to the wider population of serious criminal offenders. These two features of rapists have implications both for research and treatment. We also argue that despite the advances of the last decade this has been in terms of theory proliferation rather than integration, and that major explanatory gaps remain. In particular, there is a need for more middle-level theory that articulates mechanisms and can underpin treatment. Current treatment approaches have typically been developed for child molesters, and while there has been a significant increase in comprehensiveness and sophistication, the evidence for treatment efficacy with rapists remains tentative. Treatment programs need to be tailored to the specific needs of rapists and to the issues of treatment engagement and completion. We conclude with a variety of suggestions for the research agenda over the next decade.

Female↗
PubMed1979

The male rape victim: evaluation and treatment.

The medical literature offers little guidance in the evaluation of male victims of sexual assault. The statutes are a confusing patchwork of conflicting and sexually biased laws. Children and adolescents probably represent the majority of patients, and are typically engaged by subterfuge, often with adults known to the child. Forcible assault, common in adult victims, is not characteristic in the pediatric age group. The evaluation and treatment of the sexually abused male victim is similar to his female counterpart. Physicians and emergency department staff must be knowledgeable regarding their responsibilities to these patients, and concerned with the medical, legal and psychological ramifications of sexual assault.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Rape and physical violence: comparison of assault characteristics in older and younger adults in the National Women's Study.

This study compared characteristics of recently occurring assaults against younger adults (age 18-34 years) with those of distant-past assaults against older adults (age 55-89 years) when they were younger. Responses of a subset of participants in the National Women's Study were the source of data for this study. With the exception of perceived life threat during assault (more prevalent in younger women), assault characteristics did not vary greatly by age in terms of proportions reporting that they had seen the perpetrator before; the event was one in a series; they or the perpetrator were under the influence of a substance; they actually experienced injury; and they reported the assault to authorities. Consistent with previous research, younger women reported greater prevalences of assault than older women.

Adolescent↗