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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The influence of different technique factors on image quality of chest radiographs as evaluated by modified CEC image quality criteria.

The Commission of the European Communities (CEC) research project "Predictivity and optimisation in medical radiation protection" addressed fundamental operational limitations in existing radiation protection mechanisms. The first part of the project aimed at investigating (1) whether the CEC image quality criteria could be used for optimization of a radiographic process and (2) whether significant differences in image quality based on these criteria could be detected in a controlled project with well known physical and technical parameters. In the present study, chest radiographs on film were produced using healthy volunteers. Four physical/technical parameters were varied in a carefully controlled manner: tube voltage (102 kVp and 141 kVp), nominal speed class (160 and 320), maximum film density (1.3 and 1.8) and method of scatter reduction (grid (R=12) and air gap). The air kerma at the entrance surface was measured for all patients and the risk-related dose H(Golem), based on calculated organ-equivalent dose conversion coefficients and the measured entrance air kerma values, was calculated. Image quality was evaluated by a group of European expert radiologists using a modified version of the CEC quality criteria. For the two density levels, density level 1.8 was significantly better than 1.3 but at the cost of a higher patient radiation exposure. The correlation between the number of fulfilled quality criteria and H(Golem) was generally poor. An air gap technique resulted in lower doses than scatter reduction with a grid but provided comparable image quality. The criteria can be used to highlight optimum radiographic technique in terms of image quality and patient dose, although not unambiguously. A recommendation for good radiographic technique based on a compromise between image quality and risk-related radiation dose to the patient is to use 141 kVp, an air gap, a screen-film system with speed 320 and an optical density of 1.8.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pharmacist as a primary care provider for the medically underserved.

Opportunities abound for pharmacists to expand their practices by providing clinical services or assuring access to affordable pharmaceuticals to the medically underserved. The PSSC is a recently established resource at APhA that provides the pharmacy community and HRSA grantees with information and technical assistance on HRSA programs and projects. By participating in HRSA demonstration projections, pharmacists can implement much greatly needed patient care services to reduce disparities in health care. Becoming a 340B-contracted pharmacy can help pharmacists build prescription volume, expand their clinical services, and better serve the health care needs of their communities.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some aspects of genetic polymorphism in the biotransformation of antidepressants.

Tricyclic antidepressants are all hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, but the tertiary amines, amitriptyline, clomipramine and imipramine, are also N-demethylated to the active metabolites, nortriptyline, N-desmethylclomipramine and desipramine, by several CYPs, including the polymorphic CYP2C19, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. The five selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline are also oxidised by the CYP enzyme system. Thus, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and paroxetine are partially metabolised by CYP2D6, citalopram by CYP2C19 and sertraline by at least five different CYPs. Paroxetine and fluoxetine are very potent inhibitors of CYP2D6 while citalopram, fluvoxamine and sertraline are moderate inhibitors of this enzyme. Fluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 and a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9. Since the termination of the human genome project, there is no longer a technical hindrance to the identification of all of the genes involved in the clinical response to antidepressants. Research in the future will involve modern technologies and new scientific disciplines, including DNA-micro-array technology and bioinformatics. The research ultimately aims at developing better and safer antidepressants and/or better and safer use of currently available antidepressants.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Examination of incident angle for photography of axial projection of zygomatic arch].

In axial zygomatic arch roentgenography, the radiographic angle is determined by taking account of the light field-projected image. However, this method is technically difficult and has poor reproducibility because the body target surface is uncertain at the time of positioning. Therefore, we obtained 3D-CT images from CT examinations of the facial or paranasal sinus, and we assessed the X-ray beam angle where the zygomatic arch is most clearly delineated in terms of sex and age by taking the acanthion-meatal line (France horizon) as the reference. The zygomatic arch was most clearly seen when the X-ray beam angle was perpendicular to the acanthion-meatal line. Excellent images were obtained, and reproducibility of the images was improved using the radiographic technique based on this result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Medical informatics vocabulary.

In order that medical informaticians can create Open Systems for health care, they need to have a common language. Efforts in the 1980s at the National Library of Medicine to create a Medical Informatics Vocabulary (MIVoc) have been useful for document indexing purposes, but need to be continued and extended. The Committee of European Normalization Technical Committee 251 has created a project team for MIVoc, and that team has used both automatic and manual methods and referenced many sources in producing a vocabulary that has support from numerous experts in Europe. MIVoc has both a glossary and a tree structure. The glossary has about 250 terms with detailed definitions that include various explanations and pointers. One critical pointer is the semantic link to other terms in MIVoc from a which a tree-structure is inferred. The success of MIVoc clearly depends on its being used, which in the long run depends also on the vocabulary being maintained.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Grant programs for schools and hospitals and for buildings owned by units of local government and public care institutions--Department of Energy. Notice of proposed rulemaking and public hearings.

The Department of Energy proposes to issue revised regulations for administration of the grant programs providing financial assistance for schools, hospitals, buildings owned by units of local government, and public care institutions for the purpose of reducing energy consumption through technical assistance and energy conservation measure projects. In so doing, the Department proposes to amend 10 CFR 455 by making revisions to regulations published in the Federal Register on April 2, 1979 (44 FR 19340) and April 17, 1979 (44 FR 22940). Written comments are requested with respect to these proposed regulations, and public hearings will be held on the dates and in the locations specified below.

Conservation of Energy Resources↗
PubMed1997

Lessons learned studying design issues for lunar and Mars settlements.

In a study of lunar and Mars settlement concepts, an analysis was made of fundamental design assumptions in five technical areas against a model list of occupational and environmental health concerns. The technical areas included the proposed science projects to be supported, habitat and construction issues, closed ecosystem issues, the "MMM" issues (mining, material processing, and manufacturing), and the human elements of physiology, behavior, and mission approach. Four major lessons were learned. First it is possible to relate public health concerns to complex technological development in a proactive design mode, which has the potential for long-term cost savings. Second, it became very apparent that prior to committing any nation or international group to spending the billions to start and complete a lunar settlement, over the next century, that a significantly different approach must be taken from those previously proposed, to solve the closed ecosystem and "MMM" problems. Third, it also appears that the health concerns and technology issues to be addressed for human exploration into space are fundamentally those to be solved for human habitation of the Earth (as a closed ecosystem) in the 21st century. Finally, it is proposed that ecosystem design modeling must develop new tools, based on probabilistic models as a step up from closed circuit models.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2001

[Conflicts regarding the Hospital for Epidemics in Olomouc 1925-1938] ].

The argument between the municipality of Olomouc and the provincial government in Brno was caused by diverse opinions, if an epidemic hospital for the large region of the North-Eastern Moravia should have been built in Olomouc. The Czechoslovak health care laws needed rehabilitation and unification of norms and conditions for building, financing and managing hospitals, as well as modernization of institutions concerning infectious diseases. The Moravian authorities quarrelling on the financial issues of the projected hospital, and later on the technical aspects of it, had to ask the Ministry of Public Health and Physical Training in Prague to unravel the problem, but without an effect. The solution was not easily achievable until the era of antibiotics and buckshee and compulsory inoculation after the World War II came. Microbiologist Professor Jan Kabelík took part in both the battles--for the new hospital in Olomouc in the pre-war period as well as for the immunization of the whole populace after the war.

Communicable Diseases↗