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PubMed1991

A case report of congenital aglossia.

A case of congenital aglossia was orthodontically treated and long-term retention was observed from the age of 15 to 27. The patient had congenital absence of three lower incisors, abnormally small mandible (micrognathia), severe overbite and a telescopic bite in the premolar region accompanied by an extremely narrow lower arch. Orthodontic treatment was begun when the patient was 15 years and 6 months old. The active treatment period was 2 years and 9 months. At the present time, nine years have passed since the end of the active treatment, and intercuspation between the upper and lower arches is still good. It is suggested that the maintenance of the lower arch width is essential for long-term retention in cases of congenital aglossia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Anterior crown dimensions and relationship in an ethnic Chinese population with normal occlusions.

Odontometric measurements of anterior tooth crown sizes in a Chinese sample of 85 Class I occlusions were similar to those published in the white population except for larger upper lateral incisors and smaller upper central incisors in Chinese. Sex differences in tooth sizes were seen only in the maxillary and mandibular canines while differences between antimeres were not significant. The Bolton ratios of our Chinese sample revealed a Bolton ratio of 77.89 +/- 1.62 for the combined mesio-distal widths of the six mandibular anterior teeth as compared to the combined mesio-distal widths of the six maxillary anterior teeth. Surprisingly, the Bolton ratio in our sample compared favourably with those originally published by Bolton although the interfacial angles, overbite and overjet relationships were statistically different.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of a functional appliance in initial orthodontic treatment of a case of dental and basal Class II with dental biprotrusion at age 12].

Use of functional plaque in the initial orthodontic treatment of a case of dental and basal 2nd class with dual dental protrusions in a 12-year-old patient. The use of a functional plaque is described in a 12-year-old male patient in dental and basal 2nd class, following the extraction of 1.6-2.5-2.6-3.6-4.6 due to caries. Biprotrusion was observed together with an overjet of 8 mm and an overbite of 6 mm. Results of the therapy are reported after 21 months.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical application of the Begg light wire technique].

The authors analysed the typical malocclusion cases treated by Begg light wire technique and discussed the following questions: 1. Case selection: should pay great attention to the maxillofacial growth pattern, differentiate the type of deformities, dental or skeletal. 2. The overbite cases were corrected chiefly by incisor intrusion and molar extrusion. 3. The effect of intermaxillary elastics to anchorage teeth and movement teeth was evaluated. 4. Problems and solutions in all treatment stages, advantages and disadvantages of Begg technique were all discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Prevalence of orthodontic anomalies, analysis and evaluation of dental health in three groups of pre-school children in Zadar].

A group of 301 children (146 males and 155 females) aged 3-6 years, from kindergartens in Zadar, on the island of Ugljan and in Zadar suburbs, Bibinje and Sukosan, were examined. The prevalence of orthodontic anomalies and caries in pre-school children with exclusively deciduous dentition was assessed. Results were recorded in WHO forms for oral health state and required treatment assessment, and then compared. The overall prevalence of orthodontic anomalies in the sample of pre-school children was 47.50%, most of them found in children from the city of Zadar (56.36%), followed by those from the island of Ugljan, and from Bibinje and Sukosan (47.86% and 33.78%, respectively). According to diagnosis, premature loss was the leading cause (13.28%), followed by open bite (12.62%), primary crowding (7.64%), cross bite (4.98%), trauma (2.65%), overbite (2.32%), diastema (1.99%), other anomalies (1.32%), and progeny complex (0.66%), with a higher incidence in boys than in girls (28.23% vs. 19.26%). The frequency of caries (KIO) in the total sample was 68.8%, caries index (KIZ) 22.4%, and mean caries index (KIP) 4.2%, with no substantial differences related to sex or place of residence. Intact deciduous dentition was observed in 78.25%, treated in 2.1% and untreated in 22.4% of the subjects. The percentage of intact teeth was higher in the maxilla (78.6% vs. 76.6%), whereas the percentage of treated teeth was higher in the mandible (2.8% vs. 1.32%). No interrelationship was found between the frequency of orthodontic anomalies and caries. Assessment of the treatment requirements revealed that 667 deciduous teeth needed treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[A long-term study on dentofacial changes after sagittal splitting osteotomies in skeletal Class III malocclusions].

The purpose of this study is to clarify the long-term dentofacial changes after sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy in skeletal Class III patients, and to study the factors involved to find its countermeasures. For this purpose we used the radiographic cephalograms in 16 patients (13 females and 3 males) observed for more than five years after surgery. We measured the postoperative changes in the position of Pogonion and the inclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors. The results were as follows: 1. Pogonion was retruded 9.3 mm on the average by surgery. In the period from the removal of intermaxillary fixation to one year postoperatively Pogonion slipped forwardly and upwardly (average; anteriorly 1.0 mm, superiorly 0.8 mm). In the period from one year postoperatively to the time of the final observation Pogonion slipped to a downward direction. 2. No correlation was found between the amounts of vertical displacement by surgery and postoperative vertical changes of Pogonion. On the other hand, a high correlation was found between the amounts of mandibular setback and the forward displacement of Pogonion. 3. Mandibular incisors were tipped labially by preoperative orthodontic treatments, then maxillary and mandibular incisors moved lingually during intermaxillary fixation. After release of intermaxillary fixation, maxillary incisors moved labially in a small distance. After one year maxillary incisors were inclined slightly in the lingual direction. It is obvious that the position of the mandible and the incisor inclination tend to change even after one year. Because the postoperative changes were small in quantity, we supposed they were mostly caused by occlusal changes. Clinically, occlusal relationship in the incisor area, i.e., overjet and overbite, was maintained to be normal. It was considered that the changes of incisal inclination after release of intermaxillary fixation were of a compensatory or adaptational response to a positional change of the mandible.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1990

A case of Class II malocclusion associated with a deeply impacted maxillary central incisor.

The patient was a 9-year-old girl with a skeletal Class II malocclusion characterized by maxillary protrusion, excessive overjet and deep overbite. The patient's maxillary left central incisor was deeply impacted. During the first stage, a lingual arch was employed after surgical exposure. During the secondary stage, all four first premolar teeth were extracted and then edgewise mechanotherapy was performed. The total treatment time was 6 years. The malocclusion was treated satisfactorily and resulted in correction of the esthetic and functional flaws after 1 year out of retention.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1990

Mandibular first premolar teeth extraction in skeletal Class III malocclusion.

The patient was a 12-year-old girl with a skeletal class III malocclusion characterized by mandibular protrusion, a high mandibular plane angle, severe negative overjet and deep overbite. The patient's mandibular first premolar teeth were extracted following the standards of edgewise mechanotherapy. The total active treatment time was 19 months, however, retention was needed until the patient was 19 years old. The malocclusion has been treated satisfactorily resulting in correction of the functional and esthetic flaws without orthognatic surgery.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1990

[An experimental study on change in temporomandibular joint following occlusal changes].

In order to clarify the cause of temporomandibular arthrosis, an experimental study on change in temporomandibular joint resulting from faulty occlusion which is thought to be one of the causes was performed. In this study, macroscopic, radiologic and histopathologic effects of a forced distal positioning of the mandible by occlusal metal splints and loss of posterior teeth in adult Macaca fuscatas were observed. Cephalometric radiograph including posteroanterior and axial projection were taken to determine the individual projection angle for standardized TMJ radiography including lateral oblique transcranial and transpharyngeal projection prior to the experimental procedures. The upper and lower molars of the monkey were extracted and the remaining teeth were prepared and the cast metal splints were adhered in place. They were maintained on their regular diet. Radiographic observation of the joints and macroscopic clinical observation of the occlusion were made individually, immediately after operation, at the 10th, 20th, 40th and 83rd day postoperatively. The monkeys were killed individually at the 10th, 20th, 40th and 83rd day postoperatively, each temporomandibular joints were removed and prepared for contact microradiographic, fluorescent micrographic and histopathologic observations. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Macroscopically, the opening between the upper and lower lateral teeth in full closure was about 2mm, overbite about 2mm in anterior teeth immediately after the splints were adhered in place and molar extraction. The opening between the lateral teeth decreased slowly after the 10th day postoperatively and they were approximating occlusal contact from the distal area of the splints. The whole area of the occlusal surface of the splints came into contact and the mandible positioned posteriorly by the 40th day. 2) Though the cephalometric radiographs in posteroanterior and axial projection did not show the changes of mandible through the whole experimental period, lateral head plates and standardized TMJ radiographs showed posterosuperior positioning of the mandible after 20th day postoperatively, and osseous absorption in the posterior aspect of the condyle at the 83rd day. 3) Contact microradiographic and fluorescent micrographic observations showed osseous remodeling in the neck of condyle at the site of the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle, anterior aspect of the retroarticular process and posterior aspect of the condyle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Morphological study of open bite. Skeletal Class I and Class II open bite].

The purpose of this study was to quantify the morphological features of class I and II openbite. The subjects were 151 female patients, over 7 years old, and as a control group, 180 female cases of normal overbite. The subjects were classified into 6 subgroups by ANB angles and ages as follows: 1. Class I A group (7 y less than or equal to age les than 10 y): openbite (30 cases), control (34 cases) 2. Class I B group (10 y less than or equal to age less than 15 y): openbite (23 cases), control (31 cases) 3. Class I C group (15 y less than or equal to age): openbite (20 cases), control (23 cases) 4. Class II A group (7 y less than or equal to age less than 10 y): openbite (38 cases), control (45 cases) 5. Class II B group (10 y less than or equal to age less than 15 y): openbite (20 cases), control (26 cases) 6. Class II C group (15 y less than or equal to age): openbite (20 cases), control (21 cases) The following results were obtained: 1. The combined features of class I and II openbite groups in all the 6 groups were an especially large anterior facial height and remarkable downward of lower occl. pl. angle. Mand. pl. angle was large, and the lower part of the face was tapered. 2. The primary factors of openbite were not only over-eruption of the upper molars but also vertical excess of the mandible with a large alveolar bone. 3. The clearest differences between classes I and II openbite were the mand. pl. and lower occl. pl. angles. The class I openbite groups had a large gonial angle, depending on the subgroup. On the other hand, the class II openbite groups exhibited backward and downward shifting of the mandible depending on the subgroup. 4. In the lower age groups (7 y less than or equal to age less than 10 y) both class I and class II openbite already had denture and alveolar factors, as well as skeletal problems. In the class II openbite, especially in adult cases there were unusual morphological problems both in antero-posterior and vertical relations. 5. Contrary to most reports, the nasal floor did not show an upward cant. In the adult class II openbite even a downward cant, resulting from the backward and downward shifting of the mandible was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Prevalence of malocclusions and demand for orthodontic treatment among students at a women's high school].

Prevalences of malocclusions were investigated in a sample of 3,520 girls recorded between 1984 and 1986 at a private high school. Also, proportions of students who had received and were under treatment were surveyed for 3,501 students in 1989. In addition, ratios of a number of those who were judged to reveal maxillary protrusion with respect to that of the whole sample examined were evaluated as a function of overjet. The results of the surveys are as follows. SURVEY I) A total prevalence of malocclusion was 57.9% in the Grade 7 (G7) and 56.4% in the Grade 10 (G10). Among malocclusions surveyed, maxillary protrusion was found in 8.1% of the G7 and in 7.8% of the G10. Deep overbite was determined in 7.9% of the G7 and in 7.6% of the G10, mandibular protrusion was found in 2.4% of the G7 and in 2.7% of the G10. Edge-to-edge incisor relationships were determined in 6.4% of the G7 and in 7.6% of the G10. Anterior open bite was found in 2.4% of the G7 and in 2.9% of the G10. Crowding was found in 37.3% of the G7 and in 33.9% of the G10. SURVEY II) Prevalence of students who had orthodontic treatment at the time of survey, was 6.4% in the G7, 7.0% in the G8, 6.0% in the G9, 6.0% in the G10, 5.4% in the G11, and 3.6% in the G12. Those who had had orthodontic treatment revealed proportions of 8.1% in the G7, 8.0% in the G8, 7.7% in the G9, 11.3% in the G10, 12.2% in the G11, and 13.7% in the G12 students. SURVEY III) A proportion of 73.5% of those who had overjets more than 6 mm were judged to have maxillary protrusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A review of the management of anterior open bite malocclusion.

Anterior openbite (AOB) malocclusion is considered one of the most demanding challenges for the orthodontist, as occlusal correction is difficult, facial aesthetics may be unsatisfactory and the incidence of relapse is high. A retrospective cephalometric study of 19 consecutively treated AOB patients is presented. The follow-up ranged from 12 to 48 months. Several case reports are included to demonstrate a contemporary approach combining orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. The results indicate that overbite was maintained with good vertical skeletal stability. Anteroposterior position was less stable. Posterior facial height was maintained or decreased, and there was no evidence of postsurgical maxillary incisor movement. It is concluded that occlusal stability and clinical success may be anticipated when certain criteria are adhered to in all phases of treatment, and that a coordinated surgical-orthodontic treatment approach currently offers the best chance of attaining occlusal stability, improved function and satisfactory aesthetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intrusion and apical resorption of mandibular incisors in Begg treatment: anchorage bend or curve?

A statistical evaluation of the apical root resorption in mandibular incisors following Begg treatment in one group with anchorage bends and another group with anchorage curves showed no statistical difference. Although the overbite reduction in both groups were similar, the anchorage curve group was statistically more efficient in incisor intrusion when compared to the anchorage bend group (p < 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal findings in adults].

After periodontal therapy 12 patients with advanced alveolar bone loss were orthodontically treated and recalled for approximately 51.1 months. Orthodontic tooth movement resulted in a mean overjet reduction of 1.7 mm, a mean overbite reduction of 1.3 mm and closure of the anterior spaces. No significant differences were observed in the probing depths and attachment levels between the test and control teeth. 31% of the treated teeth showed signs of root resorption. The results indicate that orthodontic therapy in patients with successfully treated advanced periodontal disease does not lead to further attachment loss if the patients are periodontally well maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Enlarged tonsils and the effect of tonsillectomy. Characteristics of the dentition and facial skeleton. Posture of the head, hyoid bone and tongue. Mode of breathing.

Associations between craniofacial morphology, its development and growth on the one hand and functional factors on the other hand have been eagerly debated in the literature during the last 20 years. The aim of the present thesis, based on five publications, was to evaluate the effect of enlarged tonsils and tonsillectomy on the dento-facial morphology, the posture of the head, the position of the hyoid bone and tongue, and on the mode of breathing. The material comprised 146 Swedish children (66 boys and 80 girls), 5.3-17.3 years old, with a mean age of 10.1 years. Of these children 73 were judged by one otolaryngologist to have enlarged tonsils and were, on this criterion, selected for the investigation. The remaining 73 children comprised the control group and matched the tonsil group for sex and age. The controls were nosebreathers and had no history or symptoms of Ear-Nose-and-Throat-problems. During the investigation 18 of the tonsil children underwent tonsillectomy and 29 remained unoperated. Comparisons between the groups were based on anamnestic and clinical records, measurements on plaster study models and lateral skull radiographs. The results indicate that the children with enlarged tonsils, when compared with the control children, had retroclined lower incisors, protruded upper incisors, shorter lower dental arch, smaller overbite, larger overjet and a greater incidence of lateral crossbites. Furthermore they had retrognathic, posteriorly inclined mandibles, larger anterior lower facial height and skeletal open bite. They also displayed extended headpostures, low posture of the hyoid bone, anterio-inferior posture of the tongue and large oro-pharyngeal depth. 62.5% of the children in the tonsil group were mouthbreathers during the day and 84.7% during the night. The effect of tonsillectomy was mainly associated with a dorsal reposturing of the base of the tongue, change in hyoid bone posture cranially and change to nosebreathing during the night. Furthermore, a decrease in lower inter-molar width and in the tendency to lateral crossbite, as well as a slight increase in the posterior lower facial height had occurred postoperatively. Associations between postural and functional changes mutually, as well as between these changes and morphological changes were found. Enlarged tonsils thus seem to be associated with a characteristic postural and functional pattern, which in its turn seems to have had some influence on the dentition and craniofacial morphology.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of prolonged sucking in the development of dento-skeletal changes in the face. Review of the literature].

Thumbsucking is the earliest and most common habit in children, affecting almost the 45% of young population in the world, from birth through adolescence. Infantile digital sucking and other non-nutritive sucking habits have been significantly correlated with malocclusion in both primary and permanent dentitions. The severity of malocclusions correlated with such habits depends on the frequency, the duration, the intensity and the position of the thumb in the mouth. Prolonged fingersucking may cause an anterior open bite, diastema, proclination and protrusion of maxillary incisors, increased overjet and overbite, retrusive position of mandible, posterior cross-bite. Self correction of malocclusions may occur if the habit is discontinued before 4 y.o.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Genetic and environmental determinants of dental occlusal variation in twins of different nationalities.

We have compared 10 occlusal traits in 358 monozygous and dizygous twin pairs in 4 different samples and estimated genetic variances for these features. Variable and frequently nonsignificant genetic variance was noted across samples for incisal overbite and overjet, sagittal molar relationship, posterior crossbite, and rotations and displacements of anterior teeth. Heritability estimates (when appropriately calculated) were low in magnitude (0-40%) and erratic, emphasizing the importance of environmental influences on occlusal variation and the variability of apparent genetic determinants with respect to the environment or population in which they are measured.

Adolescent↗